{"oa_version":"Published Version","volume":6,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","day":"15","issue":"4","_id":"9815","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","isi":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Mobassem, Sonia","first_name":"Sonia","last_name":"Mobassem"},{"full_name":"Lambert, Nicholas J.","last_name":"Lambert","first_name":"Nicholas J."},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M"},{"last_name":"Leuchs","first_name":"Gerd","full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd"},{"last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald G.L.","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L."}],"doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36","article_number":"045005","publication":"Quantum Science and Technology","date_created":"2021-08-08T22:01:25Z","file_date_updated":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"isi":["000673081500001"],"arxiv":["2008.08764"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The quantum bits (qubits) on which superconducting quantum computers are based have energy scales corresponding to photons with GHz frequencies. The energy of photons in the gigahertz domain is too low to allow transmission through the noisy room-temperature environment, where the signal would be lost in thermal noise. Optical photons, on the other hand, have much higher energies, and signals can be detected using highly efficient single-photon detectors. Transduction from microwave to optical frequencies is therefore a potential enabling technology for quantum devices. However, in such a device the optical pump can be a source of thermal noise and thus degrade the fidelity; the similarity of input microwave state to the output optical state. In order to investigate the magnitude of this effect we model the sub-Kelvin thermal behavior of an electro-optic transducer based on a lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonator. We find that there is an optimum power level for a continuous pump, whilst pulsed operation of the pump increases the fidelity of the conversion.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"year":"2021","citation":{"apa":"Mobassem, S., Lambert, N. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Fink, J. M., Leuchs, G., &#38; Schwefel, H. G. L. (2021). Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36</a>","mla":"Mobassem, Sonia, et al. “Thermal Noise in Electro-Optic Devices at Cryogenic Temperatures.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 6, no. 4, 045005, IOP Publishing, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36\">10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36</a>.","ama":"Mobassem S, Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Fink JM, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. 2021;6(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36\">10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36</a>","ista":"Mobassem S, Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Fink JM, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. 2021. Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. Quantum Science and Technology. 6(4), 045005.","ieee":"S. Mobassem, N. J. Lambert, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, J. M. Fink, G. Leuchs, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 6, no. 4. IOP Publishing, 2021.","chicago":"Mobassem, Sonia, Nicholas J. Lambert, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Johannes M Fink, Gerd Leuchs, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Thermal Noise in Electro-Optic Devices at Cryogenic Temperatures.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. IOP Publishing, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36</a>.","short":"S. Mobassem, N.J. Lambert, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, J.M. Fink, G. Leuchs, H.G.L. Schwefel, Quantum Science and Technology 6 (2021)."},"date_published":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"NJL is supported by the MBIE Endeavour Fund (UOOX1805) and GL is by the Julius von Haast Fellowship of New Zealand. SM acknowledges stimulating discussions with T M Jensen.","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","date_updated":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"b15c2c228487a75002c3b52d56f23d5c","file_size":2366118,"file_id":"9836","creator":"cchlebak","file_name":"2021_QuantumScienceTechnology_Mobassem.pdf"}],"date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:54:54Z","title":"Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures","intvolume":"         6","month":"07","ddc":["530"],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2058-9565"]}}