--- _id: '843' abstract: - lang: eng text: The impact of an amino acid replacement on the organism's fitness can vary from lethal to selectively neutral and even, in rare cases, beneficial. Substantial data are available on either pathogenic or acceptable replacements. However, the whole distribution of coefficients of selection against individual replacements is not known for any organism. To ascertain this distribution for human proteins, we combined data on pathogenic missense mutations, on human non-synonymous SNPs and on human-chimpanzee divergence of orthologous proteins. Fractions of amino acid replacements which reduce fitness by >10-2, 10-2-10-4, 10-4-10-5 and <10-5 are 25, 49, 14 and 12%, respectively. On average, the strength of selection against a replacement is substantially higher when chemically dissimilar amino acids are involved, and the Grantham's index of a replacement explains 35% of variance in the average logarithm of selection coefficients associated with different replacements. Still, the impact of a replacement depends on its context within the protein more than on its own nature. Reciprocal replacements are often associated with rather different selection coefficients, in particular, replacements of non-polar amino acids with polar ones are typically much more deleterious than replacements in the opposite direction. However, differences between evolutionary fluxes of reciprocal replacements are only weakly correlated with the differences between the corresponding selection coefficients. author: - first_name: Lev full_name: Yampolsky, Lev Y last_name: Yampolsky - first_name: Fyodor full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Kondrashov orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694 - first_name: Alexey full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S last_name: Kondrashov citation: ama: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. Human Molecular Genetics. 2005;14(21):3191-3201. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi350 apa: Yampolsky, L., Kondrashov, F., & Kondrashov, A. (2005). Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. Human Molecular Genetics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350 chicago: Yampolsky, Lev, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Distribution of the Strength of Selection against Amino Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.” Human Molecular Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350. ieee: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, and A. Kondrashov, “Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins,” Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 14, no. 21. Oxford University Press, pp. 3191–3201, 2005. ista: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2005. Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. Human Molecular Genetics. 14(21), 3191–3201. mla: Yampolsky, Lev, et al. “Distribution of the Strength of Selection against Amino Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.” Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 14, no. 21, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3191–201, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi350. short: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Human Molecular Genetics 14 (2005) 3191–3201. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:48Z date_published: 2005-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:13Z day: '01' doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi350 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 14' issue: '21' month: '11' page: 3191 - 3201 publication: Human Molecular Genetics publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press publist_id: '6807' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins type: journal_article volume: 14 year: '2005' ...