---
_id: '7728'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies, which dominate genetic
discovery, are based on data from diverse historical time periods and populations.
Genetic scores derived from genome-wide association studies explain only a fraction
of the heritability estimates obtained from whole-genome studies on single populations,
known as the ‘hidden heritability’ puzzle. Using seven sampling populations (n = 35,062),
we test whether hidden heritability is attributed to heterogeneity across sampling
populations and time, showing that estimates are substantially smaller across
populations compared with within populations. We show that the hidden heritability
varies substantially: from zero for height to 20% for body mass index, 37% for
education, 40% for age at first birth and up to 75% for number of children. Simulations
demonstrate that our results are more likely to reflect heterogeneity in phenotypic
measurement or gene–environment interactions than genetic heterogeneity. These
findings have substantial implications for genetic discovery, suggesting that
large homogenous datasets are required for behavioural phenotypes and that gene–environment
interaction may be a central challenge for genetic discovery.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Felix C.
full_name: Tropf, Felix C.
last_name: Tropf
- first_name: S. Hong
full_name: Lee, S. Hong
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Renske M.
full_name: Verweij, Renske M.
last_name: Verweij
- first_name: Gert
full_name: Stulp, Gert
last_name: Stulp
- first_name: Peter J.
full_name: van der Most, Peter J.
last_name: van der Most
- first_name: Ronald
full_name: de Vlaming, Ronald
last_name: de Vlaming
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Bakshi, Andrew
last_name: Bakshi
- first_name: Daniel A.
full_name: Briley, Daniel A.
last_name: Briley
- first_name: Charles
full_name: Rahal, Charles
last_name: Rahal
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hellpap, Robert
last_name: Hellpap
- first_name: Anastasia N.
full_name: Iliadou, Anastasia N.
last_name: Iliadou
- first_name: Tõnu
full_name: Esko, Tõnu
last_name: Esko
- first_name: Andres
full_name: Metspalu, Andres
last_name: Metspalu
- first_name: Sarah E.
full_name: Medland, Sarah E.
last_name: Medland
- first_name: Nicholas G.
full_name: Martin, Nicholas G.
last_name: Martin
- first_name: Nicola
full_name: Barban, Nicola
last_name: Barban
- first_name: Harold
full_name: Snieder, Harold
last_name: Snieder
- first_name: Matthew Richard
full_name: Robinson, Matthew Richard
id: E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425
last_name: Robinson
orcid: 0000-0001-8982-8813
- first_name: Melinda C.
full_name: Mills, Melinda C.
last_name: Mills
citation:
ama: Tropf FC, Lee SH, Verweij RM, et al. Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity
across seven populations. Nature Human Behaviour. 2017;1(10):757-765. doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1
apa: Tropf, F. C., Lee, S. H., Verweij, R. M., Stulp, G., van der Most, P. J., de
Vlaming, R., … Mills, M. C. (2017). Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity across
seven populations. Nature Human Behaviour. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1
chicago: Tropf, Felix C., S. Hong Lee, Renske M. Verweij, Gert Stulp, Peter J. van
der Most, Ronald de Vlaming, Andrew Bakshi, et al. “Hidden Heritability Due to
Heterogeneity across Seven Populations.” Nature Human Behaviour. Springer
Nature, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1.
ieee: F. C. Tropf et al., “Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity across
seven populations,” Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 1, no. 10. Springer Nature,
pp. 757–765, 2017.
ista: Tropf FC, Lee SH, Verweij RM, Stulp G, van der Most PJ, de Vlaming R, Bakshi
A, Briley DA, Rahal C, Hellpap R, Iliadou AN, Esko T, Metspalu A, Medland SE,
Martin NG, Barban N, Snieder H, Robinson MR, Mills MC. 2017. Hidden heritability
due to heterogeneity across seven populations. Nature Human Behaviour. 1(10),
757–765.
mla: Tropf, Felix C., et al. “Hidden Heritability Due to Heterogeneity across Seven
Populations.” Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 1, no. 10, Springer Nature,
2017, pp. 757–65, doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1.
short: F.C. Tropf, S.H. Lee, R.M. Verweij, G. Stulp, P.J. van der Most, R. de Vlaming,
A. Bakshi, D.A. Briley, C. Rahal, R. Hellpap, A.N. Iliadou, T. Esko, A. Metspalu,
S.E. Medland, N.G. Martin, N. Barban, H. Snieder, M.R. Robinson, M.C. Mills, Nature
Human Behaviour 1 (2017) 757–765.
date_created: 2020-04-30T10:47:02Z
date_published: 2017-09-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:15:08Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 1'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 757-765
publication: Nature Human Behaviour
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2397-3374
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity across seven populations
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1
year: '2017'
...