Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement

D.-A. Alistarh, S. Gilbert, R. Guerraoui, C. Travers, Algorithmica (New York) 62 (2012) 595–629.

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Journal Article | Published | English
Author
Alistarh, Dan-AdrianIST Austria; Gilbert, Seth; Guerraoui, Rachid; Travers, Corentin
Abstract
Set agreement is a fundamental problem in distributed computing in which processes collectively choose a small subset of values from a larger set of proposals. The impossibility of fault-tolerant set agreement in asynchronous networks is one of the seminal results in distributed computing. In synchronous networks, too, the complexity of set agreement has been a significant research challenge that has now been resolved. Real systems, however, are neither purely synchronous nor purely asynchronous. Rather, they tend to alternate between periods of synchrony and periods of asynchrony. Nothing specific is known about the complexity of set agreement in such a &quot;partially synchronous&quot; setting. In this paper, we address this challenge, presenting the first (asymptotically) tight bound on the complexity of set agreement in such systems. We introduce a novel technique for simulating, in a fault-prone asynchronous shared memory, executions of an asynchronous and failure-prone message-passing system in which some fragments appear synchronous to some processes. We use this simulation technique to derive a lower bound on the round complexity of set agreement in a partially synchronous system by a reduction from asynchronous wait-free set agreement. Specifically, we show that every set agreement protocol requires at least $\lfloor\frac t k \rfloor + 2$ synchronous rounds to decide. We present an (asymptotically) matching algorithm that relies on a distributed asynchrony detection mechanism to decide as soon as possible during periods of synchrony. From these two results, we derive the size of the minimal window of synchrony needed to solve set agreement. By relating synchronous, asynchronous and partially synchronous environments, our simulation technique is of independent interest. In particular, it allows us to obtain a new lower bound on the complexity of early deciding k-set agreement complementary to that of Gafni et al. (in SIAM J. Comput. 40(1):63-78, 2011), and to re-derive the combinatorial topology lower bound of Guerraoui et al. (in Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(6-7):570-580, 2009) in an algorithmic way.
Publishing Year
Date Published
2012-02-01
Journal Title
Algorithmica (New York)
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Hagit Attiya, Keren Censor-Hillel, and the anonymous reviewers for their feedback on drafts of this paper. Part of the work was performed as C. Travers was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Technion, Haifa, supported by the “Sam & Cecilia Neaman” Fellowship. Part of the work was performed as S. Gilbert was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Volume
62
Issue
1-2
Page
595 - 629
IST-REx-ID

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Alistarh D-A, Gilbert S, Guerraoui R, Travers C. Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement. Algorithmica (New York). 2012;62(1-2):595-629. doi:10.1007/s00453-011-9581-7
Alistarh, D.-A., Gilbert, S., Guerraoui, R., & Travers, C. (2012). Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement. Algorithmica (New York). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-011-9581-7
Alistarh, Dan-Adrian, Seth Gilbert, Rachid Guerraoui, and Corentin Travers. “Of Choices, Failures and Asynchrony: The Many Faces of Set Agreement.” Algorithmica (New York). Springer, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-011-9581-7.
D.-A. Alistarh, S. Gilbert, R. Guerraoui, and C. Travers, “Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement,” Algorithmica (New York), vol. 62, no. 1–2. Springer, pp. 595–629, 2012.
Alistarh D-A, Gilbert S, Guerraoui R, Travers C. 2012. Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement. Algorithmica (New York). 62(1–2), 595–629.
Alistarh, Dan-Adrian, et al. “Of Choices, Failures and Asynchrony: The Many Faces of Set Agreement.” Algorithmica (New York), vol. 62, no. 1–2, Springer, 2012, pp. 595–629, doi:10.1007/s00453-011-9581-7.

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