--- _id: '4358' abstract: - lang: eng text: Phenotypic biotyping has traditionally been used to differentiate bacteria occupying distinct ecological niches such as host species. For example, the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus from sheep to coagulate ruminant plasma, reported over 60 years ago, led to the description of small ruminant and bovine S. aureus ecovars. The great majority of small ruminant isolates are represented by a single, widespread clonal complex (CC133) of S. aureus, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis for its host tropism remain unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the CC133 clone evolved as the result of a human to ruminant host jump followed by adaptive genome diversification. Comparative whole-genome sequencing revealed molecular evidence for host adaptation including gene decay and diversification of proteins involved in host-pathogen interactions. Importantly, several novel mobile genetic elements encoding virulence proteins with attenuated or enhanced activity in ruminants were widely distributed in CC133 isolates, suggesting a key role in its host-specific interactions. To investigate this further, we examined the activity of a novel staphylococcal pathogenicity island (SaPIov2) found in the great majority of CC133 isolates which encodes a variant of the chromosomally encoded von Willebrand-binding protein (vWbp(Sov2)), previously demonstrated to have coagulase activity for human plasma. Remarkably, we discovered that SaPIov2 confers the ability to coagulate ruminant plasma suggesting an important role in ruminant disease pathogenesis and revealing the origin of a defining phenotype of the classical S. aureus biotyping scheme. Taken together, these data provide broad new insights into the origin and molecular basis of S. aureus ruminant host specificity. author: - first_name: Caitriona full_name: Guinane, Caitriona M last_name: Guinane - first_name: Nouri full_name: Ben Zakour, Nouri L last_name: Ben Zakour - first_name: Maria full_name: Tormo-Mas, Maria A last_name: Tormo Mas - first_name: Lucy full_name: Weinert, Lucy A last_name: Weinert - first_name: Bethan full_name: Lowder, Bethan V last_name: Lowder - first_name: Robyn full_name: Cartwright, Robyn A last_name: Cartwright - first_name: Davida full_name: Smyth, Davida S last_name: Smyth - first_name: Cyril full_name: Smyth, Cyril J last_name: Smyth - first_name: Jodi full_name: Lindsay, Jodi A last_name: Lindsay - first_name: Katherine full_name: Gould, Katherine A last_name: Gould - first_name: Adam full_name: Witney, Adam last_name: Witney - first_name: Jason full_name: Hinds, Jason last_name: Hinds - first_name: Jonathan P full_name: Jonathan Bollback id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bollback orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612 - first_name: Andrew full_name: Rambaut, Andrew last_name: Rambaut - first_name: Jose full_name: Penades, Jose R last_name: Penades - first_name: J Ross full_name: Fitzgerald, J Ross last_name: Fitzgerald citation: ama: Guinane C, Ben Zakour N, Tormo Mas M, et al. Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2010;2:454-466. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq031 apa: Guinane, C., Ben Zakour, N., Tormo Mas, M., Weinert, L., Lowder, B., Cartwright, R., … Fitzgerald, J. R. (2010). Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation. Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evq031 chicago: Guinane, Caitriona, Nouri Ben Zakour, Maria Tormo Mas, Lucy Weinert, Bethan Lowder, Robyn Cartwright, Davida Smyth, et al. “Evolutionary Genomics of Staphylococcus Aureus Reveals Insights into the Origin and Molecular Basis of Ruminant Host Adaptation.” Genome Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evq031. ieee: C. Guinane et al., “Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation,” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 454–466, 2010. ista: Guinane C, Ben Zakour N, Tormo Mas M, Weinert L, Lowder B, Cartwright R, Smyth D, Smyth C, Lindsay J, Gould K, Witney A, Hinds J, Bollback JP, Rambaut A, Penades J, Fitzgerald JR. 2010. Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation. Genome Biology and Evolution. 2, 454–466. mla: Guinane, Caitriona, et al. “Evolutionary Genomics of Staphylococcus Aureus Reveals Insights into the Origin and Molecular Basis of Ruminant Host Adaptation.” Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 2, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 454–66, doi:10.1093/gbe/evq031. short: C. Guinane, N. Ben Zakour, M. Tormo Mas, L. Weinert, B. Lowder, R. Cartwright, D. Smyth, C. Smyth, J. Lindsay, K. Gould, A. Witney, J. Hinds, J.P. Bollback, A. Rambaut, J. Penades, J.R. Fitzgerald, Genome Biology and Evolution 2 (2010) 454–466. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:27Z date_published: 2010-06-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:56:23Z day: '09' doi: 10.1093/gbe/evq031 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 2' month: '06' page: 454 - 466 publication: Genome Biology and Evolution publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press publist_id: '1100' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation type: journal_article volume: 2 year: '2010' ...