--- _id: '4224' abstract: - lang: eng text: Developing cells acquire positional information by reading the graded distribution of morphogens. In Drosophila, the Dpp morphogen forms a long-range concentration gradient by spreading from a restricted source in the developing wing. It has been assumed that Dpp spreads by extracellular diffusion. Under this assumption, the main role of endocytosis in gradient formation is to downregulate receptors at the cell surface. These surface receptors bind to the ligand and thereby interfere with its long-range movement. Recent experiments indicate that Dpp spreading is mediated by Dynamin-dependent endocytosis in the target tissue, suggesting that extracellular diffusion alone cannot account for Dpp dispersal. Here, we perform a theoretical study of a model for morphogen spreading based on extracellular diffusion, which takes into account receptor binding and trafficking. We compare profiles of ligand and surface receptors obtained in this model with experimental data. To this end, we monitored directly the pool of surface receptors and extracellular Dpp with specific antibodies. We conclude that current models considering pure extracellular diffusion cannot explain the observed role of endocytosis during Dpp long-range movement. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Karsten full_name: Kruse, Karsten last_name: Kruse - first_name: Periklis full_name: Pantazis, Periklis last_name: Pantazis - first_name: Mark Tobias full_name: Bollenbach, Mark Tobias id: 3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bollenbach orcid: 0000-0003-4398-476X - first_name: Frank full_name: Julicher, Frank last_name: Julicher - first_name: Marcos full_name: Gonzalez Gaitan, Marcos last_name: Gonzalez Gaitan citation: ama: 'Kruse K, Pantazis P, Bollenbach MT, Julicher F, Gonzalez Gaitan M. Dpp gradient formation by dynamin-dependent endocytosis: receptor trafficking and the diffusion model. Development. 2004;131(19):4843-4856. doi:10.1242/dev.01335' apa: 'Kruse, K., Pantazis, P., Bollenbach, M. T., Julicher, F., & Gonzalez Gaitan, M. (2004). Dpp gradient formation by dynamin-dependent endocytosis: receptor trafficking and the diffusion model. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01335' chicago: 'Kruse, Karsten, Periklis Pantazis, Mark Tobias Bollenbach, Frank Julicher, and Marcos Gonzalez Gaitan. “Dpp Gradient Formation by Dynamin-Dependent Endocytosis: Receptor Trafficking and the Diffusion Model.” Development. Company of Biologists, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01335.' ieee: 'K. Kruse, P. Pantazis, M. T. Bollenbach, F. Julicher, and M. Gonzalez Gaitan, “Dpp gradient formation by dynamin-dependent endocytosis: receptor trafficking and the diffusion model,” Development, vol. 131, no. 19. Company of Biologists, pp. 4843–4856, 2004.' ista: 'Kruse K, Pantazis P, Bollenbach MT, Julicher F, Gonzalez Gaitan M. 2004. Dpp gradient formation by dynamin-dependent endocytosis: receptor trafficking and the diffusion model. Development. 131(19), 4843–4856.' mla: 'Kruse, Karsten, et al. “Dpp Gradient Formation by Dynamin-Dependent Endocytosis: Receptor Trafficking and the Diffusion Model.” Development, vol. 131, no. 19, Company of Biologists, 2004, pp. 4843–56, doi:10.1242/dev.01335.' short: K. Kruse, P. Pantazis, M.T. Bollenbach, F. Julicher, M. Gonzalez Gaitan, Development 131 (2004) 4843–4856. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:41Z date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:55:26Z day: '01' doi: 10.1242/dev.01335 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 131' issue: '19' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 4843 - 4856 publication: Development publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1893' status: public title: 'Dpp gradient formation by dynamin-dependent endocytosis: receptor trafficking and the diffusion model' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 131 year: '2004' ...