--- _id: '4156' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'In a large scale screen for mutants that affect the early development of the zebrafish, 109 mutants were found that cause defects in the formation of the jaw and the more posterior pharyngeal arches, Here we present the phenotypic description and results of the complementation analysis of mutants belonging to two major classes: (1) mutants with defects in the mandibular and hyoid arches and (2) mutants with defects in cartilage differentiation and growth in all arches, Mutations in four of the genes identified during the screen show specific defects in the first two arches and leave the more posterior pharyngeal arches largely unaffected (schmerle, sucker, hoover and sturgeon). In these mutants ventral components of the mandibular and hyoid arches are reduced (Meckel''s cartilage and ceratohyal cartilage) whereas dorsal structures (palato-quadrate and hyosymplectic cartilages) are of normal size or enlarged, Thus, mutations in single genes cause defects in the formation of first and second arch structures but also differentially affect development of the dorsal and ventral structures within one arch. In 27 mutants that define at least 8 genes, the differentiation of cartilage and growth is affected. In hammerhead mutants particularly the mesodermally derived cartilages are reduced, whereas jellyfish mutant larvae are characterized by a severe reduction of all cartilaginous elements, leaving only two pieces in the position of the ceratohyal cartilages. In all other mutant larvae all skeletal elements are present, but consist of smaller and disorganized chondrocytes. These mutants also exhibit shortened heads and reduced pectoral fins. In homozygous knorrig embryos, tumor-like outgrowths of chondrocytes occur along the edges of all cartilaginous elements. The mutants presented here may be valuable tools for elucidating the genetic mechanisms that underlie the development of the mandibular and the hyoid arches, as well as the process of cartilage differentiation.' acknowledgement: We would like to thank Siegfried Roth, Stefan Schulte-Merker and Tanya Whitfield for critically reading the manuscript. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Tatjana full_name: Piotrowski, Tatjana last_name: Piotrowski - first_name: Thomas full_name: Schilling, Thomas last_name: Schilling - first_name: Michael full_name: Brand, Michael last_name: Brand - first_name: Yunjin full_name: Jiang, Yunjin last_name: Jiang - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Dirk full_name: Beuchle, Dirk last_name: Beuchle - first_name: Heiner full_name: Grandel, Heiner last_name: Grandel - first_name: Fredericus full_name: Van Eeden, Fredericus last_name: Van Eeden - first_name: Makoto full_name: Furutani Seiki, Makoto last_name: Furutani Seiki - first_name: Michael full_name: Granato, Michael last_name: Granato - first_name: Pascal full_name: Haffter, Pascal last_name: Haffter - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hammerschmidt, Matthias last_name: Hammerschmidt - first_name: Donald full_name: Kane, Donald last_name: Kane - first_name: Robert full_name: Kelsh, Robert last_name: Kelsh - first_name: Mary full_name: Mullins, Mary last_name: Mullins - first_name: Jörg full_name: Odenthal, Jörg last_name: Odenthal - first_name: Rachel full_name: Warga, Rachel last_name: Warga - first_name: Christiane full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane last_name: Nüsslein Volhard citation: ama: 'Piotrowski T, Schilling T, Brand M, et al. Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: Anterior arches and cartilage differentiation. Development. 1996;123(1):345-356. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.345' apa: 'Piotrowski, T., Schilling, T., Brand, M., Jiang, Y., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Beuchle, D., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: Anterior arches and cartilage differentiation. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.345' chicago: 'Piotrowski, Tatjana, Thomas Schilling, Michael Brand, Yunjin Jiang, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Dirk Beuchle, Heiner Grandel, et al. “Jaw and Branchial Arch Mutants in Zebrafish II: Anterior Arches and Cartilage Differentiation.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.345.' ieee: 'T. Piotrowski et al., “Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: Anterior arches and cartilage differentiation,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 345–356, 1996.' ista: 'Piotrowski T, Schilling T, Brand M, Jiang Y, Heisenberg C-PJ, Beuchle D, Grandel H, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Warga R, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: Anterior arches and cartilage differentiation. Development. 123(1), 345–356.' mla: 'Piotrowski, Tatjana, et al. “Jaw and Branchial Arch Mutants in Zebrafish II: Anterior Arches and Cartilage Differentiation.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 345–56, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.345.' short: T. Piotrowski, T. Schilling, M. Brand, Y. Jiang, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, D. Beuchle, H. Grandel, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, R. Warga, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 345–356. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:17Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-08T08:13:07Z day: '01' doi: 10.1242/dev.123.1.345 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9007254 ' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 345 - 356 pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1963' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: Anterior arches and cartilage differentiation' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 123 year: '1996' ...