--- _id: '3263' abstract: - lang: eng text: Adaptation in the retina is thought to optimize the encoding of natural light signals into sequences of spikes sent to the brain. While adaptive changes in retinal processing to the variations of the mean luminance level and second-order stimulus statistics have been documented before, no such measurements have been performed when higher-order moments of the light distribution change. We therefore measured the ganglion cell responses in the tiger salamander retina to controlled changes in the second (contrast), third (skew) and fourth (kurtosis) moments of the light intensity distribution of spatially uniform temporally independent stimuli. The skew and kurtosis of the stimuli were chosen to cover the range observed in natural scenes. We quantified adaptation in ganglion cells by studying linear-nonlinear models that capture well the retinal encoding properties across all stimuli. We found that the encoding properties of retinal ganglion cells change only marginally when higher-order statistics change, compared to the changes observed in response to the variation in contrast. By analyzing optimal coding in LN-type models, we showed that neurons can maintain a high information rate without large dynamic adaptation to changes in skew or kurtosis. This is because, for uncorrelated stimuli, spatio-temporal summation within the receptive field averages away non-gaussian aspects of the light intensity distribution. acknowledgement: "This work was supported by The Israel Science Foundation and The Human Frontiers Science Program.\r\nWe thank the referees for helping significantly improve this paper. We also thank Vijay Balasubramanian, Kristina Simmons, and Jason Prentice for stimulating discussions. GT wishes to thank the faculty and students of the “Methods in Computational Neuroscience” course at Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole.\r\n" article_number: e85841 author: - first_name: Gasper full_name: Tkacik, Gasper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkacik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 - first_name: Anandamohan full_name: Ghosh, Anandamohan last_name: Ghosh - first_name: Elad full_name: Schneidman, Elad last_name: Schneidman - first_name: Ronen full_name: Segev, Ronen last_name: Segev citation: ama: Tkačik G, Ghosh A, Schneidman E, Segev R. Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS One. 2014;9(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085841 apa: Tkačik, G., Ghosh, A., Schneidman, E., & Segev, R. (2014). Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS One. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085841 chicago: Tkačik, Gašper, Anandamohan Ghosh, Elad Schneidman, and Ronen Segev. “Adaptation to Changes in Higher-Order Stimulus Statistics in the Salamander Retina.” PLoS One. Public Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085841. ieee: G. Tkačik, A. Ghosh, E. Schneidman, and R. Segev, “Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 1. Public Library of Science, 2014. ista: Tkačik G, Ghosh A, Schneidman E, Segev R. 2014. Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina. PLoS One. 9(1), e85841. mla: Tkačik, Gašper, et al. “Adaptation to Changes in Higher-Order Stimulus Statistics in the Salamander Retina.” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 1, e85841, Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085841. short: G. Tkačik, A. Ghosh, E. Schneidman, R. Segev, PLoS One 9 (2014). date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:20Z date_published: 2014-01-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:42:14Z day: '21' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085841 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1d5816b343abe5eadc3eb419bcece971 content_type: application/pdf creator: system date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:28Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:06Z file_id: '5011' file_name: IST-2016-432-v1+1_journal.pone.0085841.pdf file_size: 1568524 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:06Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: PLoS One publication_status: published publisher: Public Library of Science publist_id: '3385' pubrep_id: '432' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: 1 status: public title: Adaptation to changes in higher-order stimulus statistics in the salamander retina tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 3FFCCD3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 9 year: '2014' ...