--- _id: '2887' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Root system growth and development is highly plastic and is influenced by the surrounding environment. Roots frequently grow in heterogeneous environments that include interactions from neighboring plants and physical impediments in the rhizosphere. To investigate how planting density and physical objects affect root system growth, we grew rice in a transparent gel system in close proximity with another plant or a physical object. Root systems were imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. Root-root interaction strength was calculated using quantitative metrics that characterize the extent towhich the reconstructed root systems overlap each other. Surprisingly, we found the overlap of root systems of the same genotype was significantly higher than that of root systems of different genotypes. Root systems of the same genotype tended to grow toward each other but those of different genotypes appeared to avoid each other. Shoot separation experiments excluded the possibility of aerial interactions, suggesting root communication. Staggered plantings indicated that interactions likely occur at root tips in close proximity. Recognition of obstacles also occurred through root tips, but through physical contact in a size-dependent manner. These results indicate that root systems use two different forms of communication to recognize objects and alter root architecture: root-root recognition, possibly mediated through root exudates, and root-object recognition mediated by physical contact at the root tips. This finding suggests that root tips act as local sensors that integrate rhizosphere information into global root architectural changes.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Suqin full_name: Fang, Suqin last_name: Fang - first_name: Randy full_name: Clark, Randy last_name: Clark - first_name: Ying full_name: Zheng, Ying last_name: Zheng - first_name: Anjali full_name: Iyer Pascuzzi, Anjali last_name: Iyer Pascuzzi - first_name: Joshua full_name: Weitz, Joshua last_name: Weitz - first_name: Leon full_name: Kochian, Leon last_name: Kochian - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Hong full_name: Liao, Hong last_name: Liao - first_name: Philip full_name: Benfey, Philip last_name: Benfey citation: ama: Fang S, Clark R, Zheng Y, et al. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots. PNAS. 2013;110(7):2670-2675. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222821110 apa: Fang, S., Clark, R., Zheng, Y., Iyer Pascuzzi, A., Weitz, J., Kochian, L., … Benfey, P. (2013). Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110 chicago: Fang, Suqin, Randy Clark, Ying Zheng, Anjali Iyer Pascuzzi, Joshua Weitz, Leon Kochian, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Hong Liao, and Philip Benfey. “Genotypic Recognition and Spatial Responses by Rice Roots.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222821110. ieee: S. Fang et al., “Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots,” PNAS, vol. 110, no. 7. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 2670–2675, 2013. ista: Fang S, Clark R, Zheng Y, Iyer Pascuzzi A, Weitz J, Kochian L, Edelsbrunner H, Liao H, Benfey P. 2013. Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots. PNAS. 110(7), 2670–2675. mla: Fang, Suqin, et al. “Genotypic Recognition and Spatial Responses by Rice Roots.” PNAS, vol. 110, no. 7, National Academy of Sciences, 2013, pp. 2670–75, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222821110. short: S. Fang, R. Clark, Y. Zheng, A. Iyer Pascuzzi, J. Weitz, L. Kochian, H. Edelsbrunner, H. Liao, P. Benfey, PNAS 110 (2013) 2670–2675. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:09Z date_published: 2013-02-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:00:29Z day: '12' department: - _id: HeEd doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222821110 external_id: pmid: - '23362379' intvolume: ' 110' issue: '7' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3574932/ month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2670 - 2675 pmid: 1 publication: PNAS publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences publist_id: '3872' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: 1 status: public title: Genotypic recognition and spatial responses by rice roots type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 110 year: '2013' ...