--- _id: '2856' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of membrane signaling proteins, respond to neurotransmitters, hormones and small environmental molecules. The neuronal function of many GPCRs has been difficult to resolve because of an inability to gate them with subtype specificity, spatial precision, speed and reversibility. To address this, we developed an approach for opto-chemical engineering of native GPCRs. We applied this to the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to generate light-agonized and light-antagonized mGluRs (LimGluRs). The light-agonized LimGluR2, on which we focused, was fast, bistable and supported multiple rounds of on/off switching. Light gated two of the primary neuronal functions of mGluR2: suppression of excitability and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. We found that the light-antagonized tool LimGluR2-block was able to manipulate negative feedback of synaptically released glutamate on transmitter release. We generalized the optical control to two additional family members: mGluR3 and mGluR6. This system worked in rodent brain slices and in zebrafish in vivo, where we found that mGluR2 modulated the threshold for escape behavior. These light-gated mGluRs pave the way for determining the roles of mGluRs in synaptic plasticity, memory and disease.' acknowledgement: National Science Foundation grants CHE-0233882 and CHE-0840505 (to the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley), a postdoctoral fellowship of the European Molecular Biology Organization (H.J.) author: - first_name: Joshua full_name: Levitz, Joshua last_name: Levitz - first_name: Carlos full_name: Pantoja, Carlos last_name: Pantoja - first_name: Benjamin full_name: Gaub, Benjamin last_name: Gaub - first_name: Harald L full_name: Janovjak, Harald L id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Janovjak orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315 - first_name: Andreas full_name: Reiner, Andreas last_name: Reiner - first_name: Adam full_name: Hoagland, Adam last_name: Hoagland - first_name: David full_name: Schoppik, David last_name: Schoppik - first_name: Brian full_name: Kane, Brian last_name: Kane - first_name: Philipp full_name: Stawski, Philipp last_name: Stawski - first_name: Alexander full_name: Schier, Alexander last_name: Schier - first_name: Dirk full_name: Trauner, Dirk last_name: Trauner - first_name: Ehud full_name: Isacoff, Ehud last_name: Isacoff citation: ama: Levitz J, Pantoja C, Gaub B, et al. Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nature Neuroscience. 2013;16:507-516. doi:10.1038/nn.3346 apa: Levitz, J., Pantoja, C., Gaub, B., Janovjak, H. L., Reiner, A., Hoagland, A., … Isacoff, E. (2013). Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nature Neuroscience. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3346 chicago: Levitz, Joshua, Carlos Pantoja, Benjamin Gaub, Harald L Janovjak, Andreas Reiner, Adam Hoagland, David Schoppik, et al. “Optical Control of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors.” Nature Neuroscience. Nature Publishing Group, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3346. ieee: J. Levitz et al., “Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 16. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 507–516, 2013. ista: Levitz J, Pantoja C, Gaub B, Janovjak HL, Reiner A, Hoagland A, Schoppik D, Kane B, Stawski P, Schier A, Trauner D, Isacoff E. 2013. Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nature Neuroscience. 16, 507–516. mla: Levitz, Joshua, et al. “Optical Control of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors.” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 16, Nature Publishing Group, 2013, pp. 507–16, doi:10.1038/nn.3346. short: J. Levitz, C. Pantoja, B. Gaub, H.L. Janovjak, A. Reiner, A. Hoagland, D. Schoppik, B. Kane, P. Stawski, A. Schier, D. Trauner, E. Isacoff, Nature Neuroscience 16 (2013) 507–516. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:57Z date_published: 2013-03-03T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:00:16Z day: '03' department: - _id: HaJa doi: 10.1038/nn.3346 external_id: pmid: - '23455609' intvolume: ' 16' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3681425/ month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version page: 507 - 516 pmid: 1 publication: Nature Neuroscience publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '3936' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: 1 status: public title: Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 16 year: '2013' ...