---
_id: '1404'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The co-evolution of hosts and pathogens is characterized by continuous adaptations
of both parties. Pathogens of social insects need to adapt towards disease defences
at two levels: 1) individual immunity of each colony member consisting of behavioural
defence strategies as well as humoral and cellular immune responses and 2) social
immunity that is collectively performed by all group members comprising behavioural,
physiological and organisational defence strategies.\r\n\r\nTo disentangle the
selection pressure on pathogens by the collective versus individual level of disease
defence in social insects, we performed an evolution experiment using the Argentine
Ant, Linepithema humile, as a host and a mixture of the general insect pathogenic
fungus Metarhizium spp. (6 strains) as a pathogen. We allowed pathogen evolution
over 10 serial host passages to two different evolution host treatments: (1) only
individual host immunity in a single host treatment, and (2) simultaneously acting
individual and social immunity in a social host treatment, in which an exposed
ant was accompanied by two untreated nestmates.\r\n\r\nBefore starting the pathogen
evolution experiment, the 6 Metarhizium spp. strains were characterised concerning
conidiospore size killing rates in singly and socially reared ants, their competitiveness
under coinfecting conditions and their influence on ant behaviour. We analysed
how the ancestral atrain mixture changed in conidiospere size, killing rate and
strain composition dependent on host treatment (single or social hosts) during
10 passages and found that killing rate and conidiospere size of the pathogen
increased under both evolution regimes, but different depending on host treatment.\r\n\r\nTesting
the evolved strain mixtures that evolved under either the single or social host
treatment under both single and social current rearing conditions in a full factorial
design experiment revealed that the additional collective defences in insect societies
add new selection pressure for their coevolving pathogens that compromise their
ability to adapt to its host at the group level. To our knowledge, this is the
first study directly measuring the influence of social immunity on pathogen evolution."
acknowledgement: This work was funded by the DFG and the ERC.
alternative_title:
- IST Austria Thesis
author:
- first_name: Miriam
full_name: Stock, Miriam
id: 42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Stock
citation:
ama: Stock M. Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity
in ants. 2014.
apa: Stock, M. (2014). Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus
social immunity in ants. IST Austria.
chicago: Stock, Miriam. “Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus
Social Immunity in Ants.” IST Austria, 2014.
ieee: M. Stock, “Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social
immunity in ants,” IST Austria, 2014.
ista: Stock M. 2014. Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social
immunity in ants. IST Austria.
mla: Stock, Miriam. Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus
Social Immunity in Ants. IST Austria, 2014.
short: M. Stock, Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus Social
Immunity in Ants, IST Austria, 2014.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:49Z
date_published: 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:30Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: SyCr
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: '101'
publication_status: published
publisher: IST Austria
publist_id: '5803'
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Sylvia M
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia M
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
title: Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in
ants
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '1905'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The unprecedented polymorphism in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
genes is thought to be maintained by balancing selection from parasites. However,
do parasites also drive divergence at MHC loci between host populations, or do
the effects of balancing selection maintain similarities among populations? We
examined MHC variation in populations of the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana
and characterized their parasite communities. Poecilia mexicana populations in
the Cueva del Azufre system are locally adapted to darkness and the presence of
toxic hydrogen sulphide, representing highly divergent ecotypes or incipient species.
Parasite communities differed significantly across populations, and populations
with higher parasite loads had higher levels of diversity at class II MHC genes.
However, despite different parasite communities, marked divergence in adaptive
traits and in neutral genetic markers, we found MHC alleles to be remarkably similar
among host populations. Our findings indicate that balancing selection from parasites
maintains immunogenetic diversity of hosts, but this process does not promote
MHC divergence in this system. On the contrary, we suggest that balancing selection
on immunogenetic loci may outweigh divergent selection causing divergence, thereby
hindering host divergence and speciation. Our findings support the hypothesis
that balancing selection maintains MHC similarities among lineages during and
after speciation (trans-species evolution).
acknowledgement: This study was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation
(NSF) to MT (IOS-1121832) and IS (DEB-0743406) and from the German Science Foundation
(DFG; PL 470/1-2) and ‘LOEWE − Landesoffensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer
Exzellenz’ of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts, to MP.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Tobler, Michael
last_name: Tobler
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Plath, Martin
last_name: Plath
- first_name: Rüdiger
full_name: Riesch, Rüdiger
last_name: Riesch
- first_name: Ingo
full_name: Schlupp, Ingo
last_name: Schlupp
- first_name: Anna V
full_name: Grasse, Anna V
id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Gopi
full_name: Munimanda, Gopi
last_name: Munimanda
- first_name: C
full_name: Setzer, C
last_name: Setzer
- first_name: Dustin
full_name: Penn, Dustin
last_name: Penn
- first_name: Yoshan
full_name: Moodley, Yoshan
last_name: Moodley
citation:
ama: Tobler M, Plath M, Riesch R, et al. Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic
diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal
of Evolutionary Biology. 2014;27(5):960-974. doi:10.1111/jeb.12370
apa: Tobler, M., Plath, M., Riesch, R., Schlupp, I., Grasse, A. V., Munimanda, G.,
… Moodley, Y. (2014). Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity
but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal of Evolutionary
Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12370
chicago: Tobler, Michael, Martin Plath, Rüdiger Riesch, Ingo Schlupp, Anna V Grasse,
Gopi Munimanda, C Setzer, Dustin Penn, and Yoshan Moodley. “Selection from Parasites
Favours Immunogenetic Diversity but Not Divergence among Locally Adapted Host
Populations.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12370.
ieee: M. Tobler et al., “Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity
but not divergence among locally adapted host populations,” Journal of Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 27, no. 5. Wiley, pp. 960–974, 2014.
ista: Tobler M, Plath M, Riesch R, Schlupp I, Grasse AV, Munimanda G, Setzer C,
Penn D, Moodley Y. 2014. Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity
but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal of Evolutionary
Biology. 27(5), 960–974.
mla: Tobler, Michael, et al. “Selection from Parasites Favours Immunogenetic Diversity
but Not Divergence among Locally Adapted Host Populations.” Journal of Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 27, no. 5, Wiley, 2014, pp. 960–74, doi:10.1111/jeb.12370.
short: M. Tobler, M. Plath, R. Riesch, I. Schlupp, A.V. Grasse, G. Munimanda, C.
Setzer, D. Penn, Y. Moodley, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27 (2014) 960–974.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:38Z
date_published: 2014-04-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T09:22:20Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1111/jeb.12370
external_id:
pmid:
- '24725091'
intvolume: ' 27'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 960 - 974
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1420-9101
issn:
- 1010-061X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '5190'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence
among locally adapted host populations
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 27
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '1998'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Immune systems are able to protect the body against secondary infection with
the same parasite. In insect colonies, this protection is not restricted to the
level of the individual organism, but also occurs at the societal level. Here,
we review recent evidence for and insights into the mechanisms underlying individual
and social immunisation in insects. We disentangle general immune-protective effects
from specific immune memory (priming), and examine immunisation in the context
of the lifetime of an individual and that of a colony, and of transgenerational
immunisation that benefits offspring. When appropriate, we discuss parallels with
disease defence strategies in human societies. We propose that recurrent parasitic
threats have shaped the evolution of both the individual immune systems and colony-level
social immunity in insects.
acknowledgement: "This work was funded by an ERC Starting Grant by the European Research
Council (to S.C.) and the ISTFELLOW program (Co-fund Marie Curie Actions of the
European Commission; to L.M.).\r\nWe thank Christopher D. Pull, Sophie A.O. Armitage,
Hinrich Schulenburg, Line V. Ugelvig, Matthias Konrad, Matthias Fürst, Miriam Stock,
Barbara Casillas-Perez and three anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. "
author:
- first_name: Leila
full_name: El Masri, Leila
id: 349A6E66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: El Masri
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: El Masri L, Cremer S. Individual and social immunisation in insects. Trends
in Immunology. 2014;35(10):471-482. doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005
apa: El Masri, L., & Cremer, S. (2014). Individual and social immunisation in
insects. Trends in Immunology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005
chicago: El Masri, Leila, and Sylvia Cremer. “Individual and Social Immunisation
in Insects.” Trends in Immunology. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005.
ieee: L. El Masri and S. Cremer, “Individual and social immunisation in insects,”
Trends in Immunology, vol. 35, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 471–482, 2014.
ista: El Masri L, Cremer S. 2014. Individual and social immunisation in insects.
Trends in Immunology. 35(10), 471–482.
mla: El Masri, Leila, and Sylvia Cremer. “Individual and Social Immunisation in
Insects.” Trends in Immunology, vol. 35, no. 10, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 471–82,
doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005.
short: L. El Masri, S. Cremer, Trends in Immunology 35 (2014) 471–482.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:07Z
date_published: 2014-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:35Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005
intvolume: ' 35'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 471 - 482
publication: Trends in Immunology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5081'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Individual and social immunisation in insects
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 35
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '2235'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a risk to human welfare, both directly
and indirectly, by affecting managed livestock and wildlife that provide valuable
resources and ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops. Honeybees
(Apis mellifera), the prevailing managed insect crop pollinator, suffer from a
range of emerging and exotic high-impact pathogens, and population maintenance
requires active management by beekeepers to control them. Wild pollinators such
as bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are in global decline, one cause of which may be pathogen
spillover from managed pollinators like honeybees or commercial colonies of bumblebees.
Here we use a combination of infection experiments and landscape-scale field data
to show that honeybee EIDs are indeed widespread infectious agents within the
pollinator assemblage. The prevalence of deformed wing virus (DWV) and the exotic
parasite Nosema ceranae in honeybees and bumblebees is linked; as honeybees have
higher DWV prevalence, and sympatric bumblebees and honeybees are infected by
the same DWV strains, Apis is the likely source of at least one major EID in wild
pollinators. Lessons learned from vertebrates highlight the need for increased
pathogen control in managed bee species to maintain wild pollinators, as declines
in native pollinators may be caused by interspecies pathogen transmission originating
from managed pollinators.
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Fürst, Matthias
id: 393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fürst
orcid: 0000-0002-3712-925X
- first_name: Dino
full_name: Mcmahon, Dino
last_name: Mcmahon
- first_name: Juliet
full_name: Osborne, Juliet
last_name: Osborne
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Paxton, Robert
last_name: Paxton
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Brown, Mark
last_name: Brown
citation:
ama: Fürst M, Mcmahon D, Osborne J, Paxton R, Brown M. Disease associations between
honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators. Nature. 2014;506(7488):364-366.
doi:10.1038/nature12977
apa: Fürst, M., Mcmahon, D., Osborne, J., Paxton, R., & Brown, M. (2014). Disease
associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators.
Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12977
chicago: Fürst, Matthias, Dino Mcmahon, Juliet Osborne, Robert Paxton, and Mark
Brown. “Disease Associations between Honeybees and Bumblebees as a Threat to Wild
Pollinators.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12977.
ieee: M. Fürst, D. Mcmahon, J. Osborne, R. Paxton, and M. Brown, “Disease associations
between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators,” Nature,
vol. 506, no. 7488. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 364–366, 2014.
ista: Fürst M, Mcmahon D, Osborne J, Paxton R, Brown M. 2014. Disease associations
between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators. Nature. 506(7488),
364–366.
mla: Fürst, Matthias, et al. “Disease Associations between Honeybees and Bumblebees
as a Threat to Wild Pollinators.” Nature, vol. 506, no. 7488, Nature Publishing
Group, 2014, pp. 364–66, doi:10.1038/nature12977.
short: M. Fürst, D. Mcmahon, J. Osborne, R. Paxton, M. Brown, Nature 506 (2014)
364–366.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:56:29Z
date_published: 2014-02-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:56:11Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1038/nature12977
intvolume: ' 506'
issue: '7488'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3985068/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 364 - 366
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '00280836'
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '4726'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 506
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '2086'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Pathogens may gain a fitness advantage through manipulation of the behaviour
of their hosts. Likewise, host behavioural changes can be a defence mechanism,
counteracting the impact of pathogens on host fitness. We apply harmonic radar
technology to characterize the impact of an emerging pathogen - Nosema ceranae
(Microsporidia) - on honeybee (Apis mellifera) flight and orientation performance
in the field. Honeybees are the most important commercial pollinators. Emerging
diseases have been proposed to play a prominent role in colony decline, partly
through sub-lethal behavioural manipulation of their hosts. We found that homing
success was significantly reduced in diseased (65.8%) versus healthy foragers
(92.5%). Although lost bees had significantly reduced continuous flight times
and prolonged resting times, other flight characteristics and navigational abilities
showed no significant difference between infected and non-infected bees. Our results
suggest that infected bees express normal flight characteristics but are constrained
in their homing ability, potentially compromising the colony by reducing its resource
inputs, but also counteracting the intra-colony spread of infection. We provide
the first high-resolution analysis of sub-lethal effects of an emerging disease
on insect flight behaviour. The potential causes and the implications for both
host and parasite are discussed.
acknowledgement: This study was funded jointly by a grant from BBSRC, Defra, NERC,
the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the Insect Pollinators Initiative
(grant numbers BB/I00097/1 and BB/I000100/1). Rothamsted Research is a national
institute of bioscience strategically funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
article_number: e103989
author:
- first_name: Stephan
full_name: Wolf, Stephan
last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Dino
full_name: Mcmahon, Dino
last_name: Mcmahon
- first_name: Ka
full_name: Lim, Ka
last_name: Lim
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Pull, Christopher
id: 3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pull
orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
- first_name: Suzanne
full_name: Clark, Suzanne
last_name: Clark
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Paxton, Robert
last_name: Paxton
- first_name: Juliet
full_name: Osborne, Juliet
last_name: Osborne
citation:
ama: 'Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, et al. So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals
reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. 2014;9(8).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989'
apa: 'Wolf, S., Mcmahon, D., Lim, K., Pull, C., Clark, S., Paxton, R., & Osborne,
J. (2014). So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability
of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989'
chicago: 'Wolf, Stephan, Dino Mcmahon, Ka Lim, Christopher Pull, Suzanne Clark,
Robert Paxton, and Juliet Osborne. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals
Reduced Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One. Public
Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.'
ieee: 'S. Wolf et al., “So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced
homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8.
Public Library of Science, 2014.'
ista: 'Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, Pull C, Clark S, Paxton R, Osborne J. 2014. So
near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected
honeybees. PLoS One. 9(8), e103989.'
mla: 'Wolf, Stephan, et al. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals Reduced
Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8,
e103989, Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.'
short: S. Wolf, D. Mcmahon, K. Lim, C. Pull, S. Clark, R. Paxton, J. Osborne, PLoS
One 9 (2014).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:37Z
date_published: 2014-08-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T14:11:56Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103989
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 2fc62c6739eada4bddf026afbae669db
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:55Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:28Z
file_id: '5042'
file_name: IST-2016-437-v1+1_journal.pone.0103989.pdf
file_size: 1013386
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:28Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: PLoS One
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '4949'
pubrep_id: '437'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9888'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: 'So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema
infected honeybees'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9
year: '2014'
...