---
_id: '6552'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'When animals become sick, infected cells and an armada of activated immune
cells attempt to eliminate the pathogen from the body. Once infectious particles
have breached the body''s physical barriers of the skin or gut lining, an initially
local response quickly escalates into a systemic response, attracting mobile immune
cells to the site of infection. These cells complement the initial, unspecific
defense with a more specialized, targeted response. This can also provide long-term
immune memory and protection against future infection. The cell-autonomous defenses
of the infected cells are thus aided by the actions of recruited immune cells.
These specialized cells are the most mobile cells in the body, constantly patrolling
through the otherwise static tissue to detect incoming pathogens. Such constant
immune surveillance means infections are noticed immediately and can be rapidly
cleared from the body. Some immune cells also remove infected cells that have
succumbed to infection. All this prevents pathogen replication and spread to healthy
tissues. Although this may involve the sacrifice of some somatic tissue, this
is typically replaced quickly. Particular care is, however, given to the reproductive
organs, which should always remain disease free (immune privilege). '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Cremer S. Social immunity in insects. Current Biology. 2019;29(11):R458-R463.
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035
apa: Cremer, S. (2019). Social immunity in insects. Current Biology. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035
chicago: Cremer, Sylvia. “Social Immunity in Insects.” Current Biology. Elsevier,
2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035.
ieee: S. Cremer, “Social immunity in insects,” Current Biology, vol. 29,
no. 11. Elsevier, pp. R458–R463, 2019.
ista: Cremer S. 2019. Social immunity in insects. Current Biology. 29(11), R458–R463.
mla: Cremer, Sylvia. “Social Immunity in Insects.” Current Biology, vol.
29, no. 11, Elsevier, 2019, pp. R458–63, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035.
short: S. Cremer, Current Biology 29 (2019) R458–R463.
date_created: 2019-06-09T21:59:10Z
date_published: 2019-06-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-28T09:38:00Z
day: '03'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035
external_id:
isi:
- '000470902000023'
pmid:
- '31163158'
intvolume: ' 29'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.035
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: R458-R463
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '09609822'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Social immunity in insects
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 29
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '7513'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Social insects (i.e., ants, termites and the social bees and wasps) protect
their colonies from disease using a combination of individual immunity and collectively
performed defenses, termed social immunity. The first line of social immune defense
is sanitary care, which is performed by colony members to protect their pathogen-exposed
nestmates from developing an infection. If sanitary care fails and an infection
becomes established, a second line of social immune defense is deployed to stop
disease transmission within the colony and to protect the valuable queens, which
together with the males are the reproductive individuals of the colony. Insect
colonies are separated into these reproductive individuals and the sterile worker
force, forming a superorganismal reproductive unit reminiscent of the differentiated
germline and soma in a multicellular organism. Ultimately, the social immune response
preserves the germline of the superorganism insect colony and increases overall
fitness of the colony in case of disease. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
- first_name: Megan
full_name: Kutzer, Megan
id: 29D0B332-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kutzer
orcid: 0000-0002-8696-6978
citation:
ama: 'Cremer S, Kutzer M. Social immunity. In: Choe J, ed. Encyclopedia of Animal
Behavior. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2019:747-755. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0'
apa: Cremer, S., & Kutzer, M. (2019). Social immunity. In J. Choe (Ed.), Encyclopedia
of Animal Behavior (2nd ed., pp. 747–755). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0
chicago: Cremer, Sylvia, and Megan Kutzer. “Social Immunity.” In Encyclopedia
of Animal Behavior, edited by Jae Choe, 2nd ed., 747–55. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0.
ieee: S. Cremer and M. Kutzer, “Social immunity,” in Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior,
2nd ed., J. Choe, Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 747–755.
ista: 'Cremer S, Kutzer M. 2019.Social immunity. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior.
, 747–755.'
mla: Cremer, Sylvia, and Megan Kutzer. “Social Immunity.” Encyclopedia of Animal
Behavior, edited by Jae Choe, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2019, pp. 747–55, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0.
short: S. Cremer, M. Kutzer, in:, J. Choe (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior,
2nd ed., Elsevier, 2019, pp. 747–755.
date_created: 2020-02-23T23:00:36Z
date_published: 2019-02-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-08T11:12:04Z
day: '06'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.90721-0
edition: '2'
editor:
- first_name: Jae
full_name: Choe, Jae
last_name: Choe
external_id:
isi:
- '000248989500026'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 747-755
publication: Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9780128132524'
isbn:
- '9780128132517'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Social immunity
type: book_chapter
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '6435'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Social insect colonies tend to have numerous members which function together
like a single organism in such harmony that the term ``super-organism'' is often
used. In this analogy the reproductive caste is analogous to the primordial germ\r\ncells
of a metazoan, while the sterile worker caste corresponds to somatic cells. The
worker castes, like tissues, are\r\nin charge of all functions of a living being,
besides reproduction. The establishment of new super-organismal units\r\n(i.e.
new colonies) is accomplished by the co-dependent castes. The term oftentimes
goes beyond a metaphor. We invoke it when we speak about the metabolic rate, thermoregulation,
nutrient regulation and gas exchange of a social insect colony. Furthermore, we
assert that the super-organism has an immune system, and benefits from ``social
immunity''.\r\n\r\nSocial immunity was first summoned by evolutionary biologists
to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the expected high frequency of disease
outbreak amongst numerous, closely related tightly-interacting hosts, living in
stable and microbially-rich environments, against the exceptionally scarce epidemic
accounts in natural populations. Social\r\nimmunity comprises a multi-layer assembly
of behaviours which have evolved to effectively keep the pathogenic enemies of
a colony at bay. The field of social immunity has drawn interest, as it becomes
increasingly urgent to stop\r\nthe collapse of pollinator species and curb the
growth of invasive pests. In the past decade, several mechanisms of\r\nsocial
immune responses have been dissected, but many more questions remain open.\r\n\r\nI
present my work in two experimental chapters. In the first, I use invasive garden
ants (*Lasius neglectus*) to study how pathogen load and its distribution among
nestmates affect the grooming response of the group. Any given group of ants will
carry out the same total grooming work, but will direct their grooming effort
towards individuals\r\ncarrying a relatively higher spore load. Contrary to expectation,
the highest risk of transmission does not stem from grooming highly contaminated
ants, but instead, we suggest that the grooming response likely minimizes spore
loss to the environment, reducing contamination from inadvertent pickup from the
substrate.\r\n\r\nThe second is a comparative developmental approach. I follow
black garden ant queens (*Lasius niger*) and their colonies from mating flight,
through hibernation for a year. Colonies which grow fast from the start, have
a lower chance of survival through hibernation, and those which survive grow at
a lower pace later. This is true for colonies of naive\r\nand challenged queens.
Early pathogen exposure of the queens changes colony dynamics in an unexpected
way: colonies from exposed queens are more likely to grow slowly and recover in
numbers only after they survive hibernation.\r\n\r\nIn addition to the two experimental
chapters, this thesis includes a co-authored published review on organisational\r\nimmunity,
where we enlist the experimental evidence and theoretical framework on which this
hypothesis is built,\r\nidentify the caveats and underline how the field is ripe
to overcome them. In a final chapter, I describe my part in\r\ntwo collaborative
efforts, one to develop an image-based tracker, and the second to develop a classifier
for ant\r\nbehaviour."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: LifeSc
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Barbara E
full_name: Casillas Perez, Barbara E
id: 351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Casillas Perez
citation:
ama: Casillas Perez BE. Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen.
2019. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435
apa: Casillas Perez, B. E. (2019). Collective defenses of garden ants against
a fungal pathogen. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435
chicago: Casillas Perez, Barbara E. “Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against
a Fungal Pathogen.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435.
ieee: B. E. Casillas Perez, “Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal
pathogen,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.
ista: Casillas Perez BE. 2019. Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal
pathogen. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Casillas Perez, Barbara E. Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against a
Fungal Pathogen. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435.
short: B.E. Casillas Perez, Collective Defenses of Garden Ants against a Fungal
Pathogen, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.
date_created: 2019-05-13T08:58:35Z
date_published: 2019-05-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T12:57:04Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '570'
- '006'
- '578'
- '592'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6435
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 6daf2d2086111aa8fd3fbc919a3e2833
content_type: application/pdf
creator: casillas
date_created: 2019-05-13T09:16:20Z
date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z
embargo: 2020-05-08
file_id: '6438'
file_name: tesisDoctoradoBC.pdf
file_size: 3895187
relation: main_file
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checksum: 3d221aaff7559a7060230a1ff610594f
content_type: application/zip
creator: casillas
date_created: 2019-05-13T09:16:20Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:30Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '6439'
file_name: tesisDoctoradoBC.zip
file_size: 7365118
relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Social Immunity
- Sanitary care
- Social Insects
- Organisational Immunity
- Colony development
- Multi-target tracking
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '183'
project:
- _id: 2649B4DE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '771402'
name: Epidemics in ant societies on a chip
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '1999'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Sylvia M
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia M
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
title: Collective defenses of garden ants against a fungal pathogen
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '413'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Being cared for when sick is a benefit of sociality that can reduce disease
and improve survival of group members. However, individuals providing care risk
contracting infectious diseases themselves. If they contract a low pathogen dose,
they may develop low-level infections that do not cause disease but still affect
host immunity by either decreasing or increasing the host’s vulnerability to subsequent
infections. Caring for contagious individuals can thus significantly alter the
future disease susceptibility of caregivers. Using ants and their fungal pathogens
as a model system, we tested if the altered disease susceptibility of experienced
caregivers, in turn, affects their expression of sanitary care behavior. We found
that low-level infections contracted during sanitary care had protective or neutral
effects on secondary exposure to the same (homologous) pathogen but consistently
caused high mortality on superinfection with a different (heterologous) pathogen.
In response to this risk, the ants selectively adjusted the expression of their
sanitary care. Specifically, the ants performed less grooming and more antimicrobial
disinfection when caring for nestmates contaminated with heterologous pathogens
compared with homologous ones. By modulating the components of sanitary care in
this way the ants acquired less infectious particles of the heterologous pathogens,
resulting in reduced superinfection. The performance of risk-adjusted sanitary
care reveals the remarkable capacity of ants to react to changes in their disease
susceptibility, according to their own infection history and to flexibly adjust
collective care to individual risk.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Konrad, Matthias
id: 46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Konrad
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Pull, Christopher
id: 3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pull
orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
- first_name: Sina
full_name: Metzler, Sina
id: 48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Metzler
orcid: 0000-0002-9547-2494
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Seif, Katharina
id: 90F7894A-02CF-11E9-976E-E38CFE5CBC1D
last_name: Seif
- first_name: Elisabeth
full_name: Naderlinger, Elisabeth
id: 31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Naderlinger
- first_name: Anna V
full_name: Grasse, Anna V
id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Konrad M, Pull C, Metzler S, et al. Ants avoid superinfections by performing
risk-adjusted sanitary care. PNAS. 2018;115(11):2782-2787. doi:10.1073/pnas.1713501115
apa: Konrad, M., Pull, C., Metzler, S., Seif, K., Naderlinger, E., Grasse, A. V.,
& Cremer, S. (2018). Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted
sanitary care. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713501115
chicago: Konrad, Matthias, Christopher Pull, Sina Metzler, Katharina Seif, Elisabeth
Naderlinger, Anna V Grasse, and Sylvia Cremer. “Ants Avoid Superinfections by
Performing Risk-Adjusted Sanitary Care.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences,
2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713501115.
ieee: M. Konrad et al., “Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted
sanitary care,” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 11. National Academy of Sciences, pp.
2782–2787, 2018.
ista: Konrad M, Pull C, Metzler S, Seif K, Naderlinger E, Grasse AV, Cremer S. 2018.
Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care. PNAS. 115(11),
2782–2787.
mla: Konrad, Matthias, et al. “Ants Avoid Superinfections by Performing Risk-Adjusted
Sanitary Care.” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 11, National Academy of Sciences, 2018,
pp. 2782–87, doi:10.1073/pnas.1713501115.
short: M. Konrad, C. Pull, S. Metzler, K. Seif, E. Naderlinger, A.V. Grasse, S.
Cremer, PNAS 115 (2018) 2782–2787.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:20Z
date_published: 2018-03-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-08T13:22:21Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1713501115
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000427245400069'
pmid:
- '29463746'
intvolume: ' 115'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29463746
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2782 - 2787
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '243071'
name: 'Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society
Effects'
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '7416'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/helping-in-spite-of-risk-ants-perform-risk-averse-sanitary-care-of-infectious-nest-mates/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ants avoid superinfections by performing risk-adjusted sanitary care
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 115
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '616'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Social insects protect their colonies from infectious disease through collective
defences that result in social immunity. In ants, workers first try to prevent
infection of colony members. Here, we show that if this fails and a pathogen establishes
an infection, ants employ an efficient multicomponent behaviour − "destructive
disinfection" − to prevent further spread of disease through the colony.
Ants specifically target infected pupae during the pathogen's non-contagious incubation
period, relying on chemical 'sickness cues' emitted by pupae. They then remove
the pupal cocoon, perforate its cuticle and administer antimicrobial poison, which
enters the body and prevents pathogen replication from the inside out. Like the
immune system of a body that specifically targets and eliminates infected cells,
this social immunity measure sacrifices infected brood to stop the pathogen completing
its lifecycle, thus protecting the rest of the colony. Hence, the same principles
of disease defence apply at different levels of biological organisation.
article_number: e32073
article_processing_charge: Yes
author:
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Pull, Christopher
id: 3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pull
orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
- first_name: Line V
full_name: Ugelvig, Line V
id: 3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ugelvig
orcid: 0000-0003-1832-8883
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Wiesenhofer, Florian
id: 39523C54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wiesenhofer
- first_name: Anna V
full_name: Grasse, Anna V
id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Tragust, Simon
id: 35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tragust
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Schmitt, Thomas
last_name: Schmitt
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Brown, Mark
last_name: Brown
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, et al. Destructive disinfection of infected
brood prevents systemic disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 2018;7.
doi:10.7554/eLife.32073
apa: Pull, C., Ugelvig, L. V., Wiesenhofer, F., Grasse, A. V., Tragust, S., Schmitt,
T., … Cremer, S. (2018). Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic
disease spread in ant colonies. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073
chicago: Pull, Christopher, Line V Ugelvig, Florian Wiesenhofer, Anna V Grasse,
Simon Tragust, Thomas Schmitt, Mark Brown, and Sylvia Cremer. “Destructive Disinfection
of Infected Brood Prevents Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife.
eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32073.
ieee: C. Pull et al., “Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents
systemic disease spread in ant colonies,” eLife, vol. 7. eLife Sciences
Publications, 2018.
ista: Pull C, Ugelvig LV, Wiesenhofer F, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Schmitt T, Brown
M, Cremer S. 2018. Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic
disease spread in ant colonies. eLife. 7, e32073.
mla: Pull, Christopher, et al. “Destructive Disinfection of Infected Brood Prevents
Systemic Disease Spread in Ant Colonies.” ELife, vol. 7, e32073, eLife
Sciences Publications, 2018, doi:10.7554/eLife.32073.
short: C. Pull, L.V. Ugelvig, F. Wiesenhofer, A.V. Grasse, S. Tragust, T. Schmitt,
M. Brown, S. Cremer, ELife 7 (2018).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:31Z
date_published: 2018-01-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:54:26Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '570'
- '590'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.7554/eLife.32073
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000419601300001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 540f941e8d3530a9441e4affd94f07d7
content_type: application/pdf
creator: system
date_created: 2018-12-12T10:10:43Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:20Z
file_id: '4832'
file_name: IST-2018-978-v1+1_elife-32073-v1.pdf
file_size: 1435585
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 7'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '243071'
name: 'Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society
Effects'
- _id: 25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '302004'
name: 'Pathogen Detectors Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities
in ant societies: a chemo-neuro-immunological approach'
publication: eLife
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
publist_id: '7188'
pubrep_id: '978'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '819'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Destructive disinfection of infected brood prevents systemic disease spread
in ant colonies
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 7
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '617'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Insects are exposed to a variety of potential pathogens in their environment,
many of which can severely impact fitness and health. Consequently, hosts have
evolved resistance and tolerance strategies to suppress or cope with infections.
Hosts utilizing resistance improve fitness by clearing or reducing pathogen loads,
and hosts utilizing tolerance reduce harmful fitness effects per pathogen load.
To understand variation in, and selective pressures on, resistance and tolerance,
we asked to what degree they are shaped by host genetic background, whether plasticity
in these responses depends upon dietary environment, and whether there are interactions
between these two factors. Females from ten wild-type Drosophila melanogaster
genotypes were kept on high- or low-protein (yeast) diets and infected with one
of two opportunistic bacterial pathogens, Lactococcus lactis or Pseudomonas entomophila.
We measured host resistance as the inverse of bacterial load in the early infection
phase. The relationship (slope) between fly fecundity and individual-level bacteria
load provided our fecundity tolerance measure. Genotype and dietary yeast determined
host fecundity and strongly affected survival after infection with pathogenic
P. entomophila. There was considerable genetic variation in host resistance, a
commonly found phenomenon resulting from for example varying resistance costs
or frequency-dependent selection. Despite this variation and the reproductive
cost of higher P. entomophila loads, fecundity tolerance did not vary across genotypes.
The absence of genetic variation in tolerance may suggest that at this early infection
stage, fecundity tolerance is fixed or that any evolved tolerance mechanisms are
not expressed under these infection conditions.
acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank Susann Wicke for performing the genome-wide
SNP/indel analyses, as well as Veronica Alves, Kevin Ferro, Momir Futo, Barbara
Hasert, Dafne Maximo, Nora Schulz, Marlene Sroka, and Barth Wieczorek for technical
help. We thank Brian Lazzaro for the L. lactis strain and Bruno Lemaitre for the
Pseudomonas entomophila strain. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for
their helpful comments. We are grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
priority programme 1399 ‘Host parasite coevolution’ for funding this project (AR
872/1-1). '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Megan
full_name: Kutzer, Megan
id: 29D0B332-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kutzer
orcid: 0000-0002-8696-6978
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Kurtz, Joachim
last_name: Kurtz
- first_name: Sophie
full_name: Armitage, Sophie
last_name: Armitage
citation:
ama: Kutzer M, Kurtz J, Armitage S. Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival,
and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
2018;31(1):159-171. doi:10.1111/jeb.13211
apa: Kutzer, M., Kurtz, J., & Armitage, S. (2018). Genotype and diet affect
resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211
chicago: Kutzer, Megan, Joachim Kurtz, and Sophie Armitage. “Genotype and Diet Affect
Resistance, Survival, and Fecundity but Not Fecundity Tolerance.” Journal of
Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211.
ieee: M. Kutzer, J. Kurtz, and S. Armitage, “Genotype and diet affect resistance,
survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance,” Journal of Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 31, no. 1. Wiley, pp. 159–171, 2018.
ista: Kutzer M, Kurtz J, Armitage S. 2018. Genotype and diet affect resistance,
survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
31(1), 159–171.
mla: Kutzer, Megan, et al. “Genotype and Diet Affect Resistance, Survival, and Fecundity
but Not Fecundity Tolerance.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 31,
no. 1, Wiley, 2018, pp. 159–71, doi:10.1111/jeb.13211.
short: M. Kutzer, J. Kurtz, S. Armitage, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31 (2018)
159–171.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:31Z
date_published: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-11T14:06:04Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1111/jeb.13211
external_id:
isi:
- '000419307000014'
pmid:
- '29150962'
intvolume: ' 31'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 159 - 171
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1420-9101
issn:
- 1010-061X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '7187'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity
tolerance
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 31
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '426'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Sperm cells are the most morphologically diverse cells across animal taxa.
Within species, sperm and ejaculate traits have been suggested to vary with the
male's competitive environment, e.g., level of sperm competition, female mating
status and quality, and also with male age, body mass, physiological condition,
and resource availability. Most previous studies have based their conclusions
on the analysis of only one or a few ejaculates per male without investigating
differences among the ejaculates of the same individual. This masks potential
ejaculate-specific traits. Here, we provide data on the length, quantity, and
viability of sperm ejaculated by wingless males of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior.
Males of this ant species are relatively long-lived and can mate with large numbers
of female sexuals throughout their lives. We analyzed all ejaculates across the
individuals' lifespan and manipulated the availability of mating partners. Our
study shows that both the number and size of sperm cells transferred during copulations
differ among individuals and also among ejaculates of the same male. Sperm quality
does not decrease with male age, but the variation in sperm number between ejaculates
indicates that males need considerable time to replenish their sperm supplies.
Producing many ejaculates in a short time appears to be traded-off against male
longevity rather than sperm quality.
acknowledgement: "Research with C. obscurior from Brazil was permitted by Instituto
Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, IBAMA (permit no.
20324-1). We thank the German Science Foundation ( DFG ) for funding ( Schr1135/2-1
), T. Suckert for help with sperm length measurements and A.K. Huylmans for advice
concerning graphs. One referee made helpful comments on the manuscript.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sina
full_name: Metzler, Sina
id: 48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Metzler
orcid: 0000-0002-9547-2494
- first_name: Alexandra
full_name: Schrempf, Alexandra
last_name: Schrempf
- first_name: Jürgen
full_name: Heinze, Jürgen
last_name: Heinze
citation:
ama: Metzler S, Schrempf A, Heinze J. Individual- and ejaculate-specific sperm traits
in ant males. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2018;107:284-290. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003
apa: Metzler, S., Schrempf, A., & Heinze, J. (2018). Individual- and ejaculate-specific
sperm traits in ant males. Journal of Insect Physiology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003
chicago: Metzler, Sina, Alexandra Schrempf, and Jürgen Heinze. “Individual- and
Ejaculate-Specific Sperm Traits in Ant Males.” Journal of Insect Physiology.
Elsevier, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003.
ieee: S. Metzler, A. Schrempf, and J. Heinze, “Individual- and ejaculate-specific
sperm traits in ant males,” Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 107. Elsevier,
pp. 284–290, 2018.
ista: Metzler S, Schrempf A, Heinze J. 2018. Individual- and ejaculate-specific
sperm traits in ant males. Journal of Insect Physiology. 107, 284–290.
mla: Metzler, Sina, et al. “Individual- and Ejaculate-Specific Sperm Traits in Ant
Males.” Journal of Insect Physiology, vol. 107, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 284–90,
doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003.
short: S. Metzler, A. Schrempf, J. Heinze, Journal of Insect Physiology 107 (2018)
284–290.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:25Z
date_published: 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-12T07:43:26Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003
external_id:
isi:
- '000434751100034'
intvolume: ' 107'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 284-290
publication: Journal of Insect Physiology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '7397'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Individual- and ejaculate-specific sperm traits in ant males
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 107
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '194'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Ants are emerging model systems to study cellular signaling because distinct
castes possess different physiologic phenotypes within the same colony. Here we
studied the functionality of inotocin signaling, an insect ortholog of mammalian
oxytocin (OT), which was recently discovered in ants. In Lasius ants, we determined
that specialization within the colony, seasonal factors, and physiologic conditions
down-regulated the expression of the OT-like signaling system. Given this natural
variation, we interrogated its function using RNAi knockdowns. Next-generation
RNA sequencing of OT-like precursor knock-down ants highlighted its role in the
regulation of genes involved in metabolism. Knock-down ants exhibited higher walking
activity and increased self-grooming in the brood chamber. We propose that OT-like
signaling in ants is important for regulating metabolic processes and locomotion.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zita
full_name: Liutkeviciute, Zita
last_name: Liutkeviciute
- first_name: Esther
full_name: Gil Mansilla, Esther
last_name: Gil Mansilla
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Eder, Thomas
last_name: Eder
- first_name: Barbara E
full_name: Casillas Perez, Barbara E
id: 351ED2AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Casillas Perez
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Giulia Di Giglio, Maria
last_name: Giulia Di Giglio
- first_name: Edin
full_name: Muratspahić, Edin
last_name: Muratspahić
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Grebien, Florian
last_name: Grebien
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Rattei, Thomas
last_name: Rattei
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Muttenthaler, Markus
last_name: Muttenthaler
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Gruber, Christian
last_name: Gruber
citation:
ama: Liutkeviciute Z, Gil Mansilla E, Eder T, et al. Oxytocin-like signaling in
ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity. The FASEB
Journal. 2018;32(12):6808-6821. doi:10.1096/fj.201800443
apa: Liutkeviciute, Z., Gil Mansilla, E., Eder, T., Casillas Perez, B. E., Giulia
Di Giglio, M., Muratspahić, E., … Gruber, C. (2018). Oxytocin-like signaling in
ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity. The FASEB
Journal. FASEB. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800443
chicago: Liutkeviciute, Zita, Esther Gil Mansilla, Thomas Eder, Barbara E Casillas
Perez, Maria Giulia Di Giglio, Edin Muratspahić, Florian Grebien, et al. “Oxytocin-like
Signaling in Ants Influences Metabolic Gene Expression and Locomotor Activity.”
The FASEB Journal. FASEB, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800443.
ieee: Z. Liutkeviciute et al., “Oxytocin-like signaling in ants influences
metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity,” The FASEB Journal, vol.
32, no. 12. FASEB, pp. 6808–6821, 2018.
ista: Liutkeviciute Z, Gil Mansilla E, Eder T, Casillas Perez BE, Giulia Di Giglio
M, Muratspahić E, Grebien F, Rattei T, Muttenthaler M, Cremer S, Gruber C. 2018.
Oxytocin-like signaling in ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor
activity. The FASEB Journal. 32(12), 6808–6821.
mla: Liutkeviciute, Zita, et al. “Oxytocin-like Signaling in Ants Influences Metabolic
Gene Expression and Locomotor Activity.” The FASEB Journal, vol. 32, no.
12, FASEB, 2018, pp. 6808–21, doi:10.1096/fj.201800443.
short: Z. Liutkeviciute, E. Gil Mansilla, T. Eder, B.E. Casillas Perez, M. Giulia
Di Giglio, E. Muratspahić, F. Grebien, T. Rattei, M. Muttenthaler, S. Cremer,
C. Gruber, The FASEB Journal 32 (2018) 6808–6821.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:08Z
date_published: 2018-11-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-13T09:37:32Z
day: '29'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1096/fj.201800443
external_id:
isi:
- '000449359700035'
pmid:
- '29939785'
intvolume: ' 32'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: ' https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800443'
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 6808-6821
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25E3D34E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Individual function and social role of oxytocin-like neuropeptides in ants
publication: The FASEB Journal
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '08926638'
publication_status: published
publisher: FASEB
publist_id: '7721'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Oxytocin-like signaling in ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor
activity
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 32
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '55'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Many animals use antimicrobials to prevent or cure disease [1,2]. For example,
some animals will ingest plants with medicinal properties, both prophylactically
to prevent infection and therapeutically to self-medicate when sick. Antimicrobial
substances are also used as topical disinfectants, to prevent infection, protect
offspring and to sanitise their surroundings [1,2]. Social insects (ants, bees,
wasps and termites) build nests in environments with a high abundance and diversity
of pathogenic microorganisms — such as soil and rotting wood — and colonies are
often densely crowded, creating conditions that favour disease outbreaks. Consequently,
social insects have evolved collective disease defences to protect their colonies
from epidemics. These traits can be seen as functionally analogous to the immune
system of individual organisms [3,4]. This ‘social immunity’ utilises antimicrobials
to prevent and eradicate infections, and to keep the brood and nest clean. However,
these antimicrobial compounds can be harmful to the insects themselves, and it
is unknown how colonies prevent collateral damage when using them. Here, we demonstrate
that antimicrobial acids, produced by workers to disinfect the colony, are harmful
to the delicate pupal brood stage, but that the pupae are protected from the acids
by the presence of a silk cocoon. Garden ants spray their nests with an antimicrobial
poison to sanitize contaminated nestmates and brood. Here, Pull et al show that
they also prophylactically sanitise their colonies, and that the silk cocoon serves
as a barrier to protect developing pupae, thus preventing collateral damage during
nest sanitation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Pull, Christopher
id: 3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pull
orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
- first_name: Sina
full_name: Metzler, Sina
id: 48204546-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Metzler
orcid: 0000-0002-9547-2494
- first_name: Elisabeth
full_name: Naderlinger, Elisabeth
id: 31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Naderlinger
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Pull C, Metzler S, Naderlinger E, Cremer S. Protection against the lethal side
effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology. 2018;28(19):R1139-R1140.
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063
apa: Pull, C., Metzler, S., Naderlinger, E., & Cremer, S. (2018). Protection
against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology.
Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063
chicago: Pull, Christopher, Sina Metzler, Elisabeth Naderlinger, and Sylvia Cremer.
“Protection against the Lethal Side Effects of Social Immunity in Ants.” Current
Biology. Cell Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063.
ieee: C. Pull, S. Metzler, E. Naderlinger, and S. Cremer, “Protection against the
lethal side effects of social immunity in ants,” Current Biology, vol.
28, no. 19. Cell Press, pp. R1139–R1140, 2018.
ista: Pull C, Metzler S, Naderlinger E, Cremer S. 2018. Protection against the lethal
side effects of social immunity in ants. Current Biology. 28(19), R1139–R1140.
mla: Pull, Christopher, et al. “Protection against the Lethal Side Effects of Social
Immunity in Ants.” Current Biology, vol. 28, no. 19, Cell Press, 2018,
pp. R1139–40, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063.
short: C. Pull, S. Metzler, E. Naderlinger, S. Cremer, Current Biology 28 (2018)
R1139–R1140.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:23Z
date_published: 2018-10-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-15T12:06:46Z
day: '08'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063
external_id:
isi:
- '000446693400008'
intvolume: ' 28'
isi: 1
issue: '19'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.063
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: R1139 - R1140
publication: Current Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '7999'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Protection against the lethal side effects of social immunity in ants
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 28
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '29'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Social insects have evolved enormous capacities to collectively build nests
and defend their colonies against both predators and pathogens. The latter is
achieved by a combination of individual immune responses and sophisticated collective
behavioral and organizational disease defenses, that is, social immunity. We investigated
how the presence or absence of these social defense lines affects individual-level
immunity in ant queens after bacterial infection. To this end, we injected queens
of the ant Linepithema humile with a mix of gram+ and gram− bacteria or a control
solution, reared them either with workers or alone and analyzed their gene expression
patterns at 2, 4, 8, and 12 hr post-injection, using RNA-seq. This allowed us
to test for the effect of bacterial infection, social context, as well as the
interaction between the two over the course of infection and raising of an immune
response. We found that social isolation per se affected queen gene expression
for metabolism genes, but not for immune genes. When infected, queens reared with
and without workers up-regulated similar numbers of innate immune genes revealing
activation of Toll and Imd signaling pathways and melanization. Interestingly,
however, they mostly regulated different genes along the pathways and showed a
different pattern of overall gene up-regulation or down-regulation. Hence, we
can conclude that the absence of workers does not compromise the onset of an individual
immune response by the queens, but that the social environment impacts the route
of the individual innate immune responses.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lumi
full_name: Viljakainen, Lumi
last_name: Viljakainen
- first_name: Jaana
full_name: Jurvansuu, Jaana
last_name: Jurvansuu
- first_name: Ida
full_name: Holmberg, Ida
last_name: Holmberg
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Pamminger, Tobias
last_name: Pamminger
- first_name: Silvio
full_name: Erler, Silvio
last_name: Erler
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Viljakainen L, Jurvansuu J, Holmberg I, Pamminger T, Erler S, Cremer S. Social
environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens. Ecology
and Evolution. 2018;8(22):11031-11070. doi:10.1002/ece3.4573
apa: Viljakainen, L., Jurvansuu, J., Holmberg, I., Pamminger, T., Erler, S., &
Cremer, S. (2018). Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria
in ant queens. Ecology and Evolution. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573
chicago: Viljakainen, Lumi, Jaana Jurvansuu, Ida Holmberg, Tobias Pamminger, Silvio
Erler, and Sylvia Cremer. “Social Environment Affects the Transcriptomic Response
to Bacteria in Ant Queens.” Ecology and Evolution. Wiley, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4573.
ieee: L. Viljakainen, J. Jurvansuu, I. Holmberg, T. Pamminger, S. Erler, and S.
Cremer, “Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in
ant queens,” Ecology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 22. Wiley, pp. 11031–11070,
2018.
ista: Viljakainen L, Jurvansuu J, Holmberg I, Pamminger T, Erler S, Cremer S. 2018.
Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens.
Ecology and Evolution. 8(22), 11031–11070.
mla: Viljakainen, Lumi, et al. “Social Environment Affects the Transcriptomic Response
to Bacteria in Ant Queens.” Ecology and Evolution, vol. 8, no. 22, Wiley,
2018, pp. 11031–70, doi:10.1002/ece3.4573.
short: L. Viljakainen, J. Jurvansuu, I. Holmberg, T. Pamminger, S. Erler, S. Cremer,
Ecology and Evolution 8 (2018) 11031–11070.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:15Z
date_published: 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-19T09:29:12Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
- '591'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1002/ece3.4573
external_id:
isi:
- '000451611000032'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 0d1355c78627ca7210aadd9a17a01915
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2018-12-17T08:27:04Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:52Z
file_id: '5682'
file_name: Viljakainen_et_al-2018-Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf
file_size: 1272096
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 8'
isi: 1
issue: '22'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 11031-11070
publication: Ecology and Evolution
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '20457758'
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '8026'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Social environment affects the transcriptomic response to bacteria in ant queens
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 8
year: '2018'
...