[{"article_number":"160138","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"short":"R. Peuß, K. Wensing, L. Woestmann, H. Eggert, B. Milutinovic, M. Sroka, J. Scharsack, J. Kurtz, S. Armitage, Royal Society Open Science 3 (2016).","ieee":"R. Peuß et al., “Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction,” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 3, no. 4. Royal Society, The, 2016.","ama":"Peuß R, Wensing K, Woestmann L, et al. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction. Royal Society Open Science. 2016;3(4). doi:10.1098/rsos.160138","apa":"Peuß, R., Wensing, K., Woestmann, L., Eggert, H., Milutinovic, B., Sroka, M., … Armitage, S. (2016). Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction. Royal Society Open Science. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160138","mla":"Peuß, Robert, et al. “Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule 1: Testing for a Role in Insect Immunity, Behaviour and Reproduction.” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 3, no. 4, 160138, Royal Society, The, 2016, doi:10.1098/rsos.160138.","ista":"Peuß R, Wensing K, Woestmann L, Eggert H, Milutinovic B, Sroka M, Scharsack J, Kurtz J, Armitage S. 2016. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction. Royal Society Open Science. 3(4), 160138.","chicago":"Peuß, Robert, Kristina Wensing, Luisa Woestmann, Hendrik Eggert, Barbara Milutinovic, Marlene Sroka, Jörn Scharsack, Joachim Kurtz, and Sophie Armitage. “Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule 1: Testing for a Role in Insect Immunity, Behaviour and Reproduction.” Royal Society Open Science. Royal Society, The, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160138."},"title":"Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction","publist_id":"6070","author":[{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Peuß","full_name":"Peuß, Robert"},{"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Wensing","full_name":"Wensing, Kristina"},{"first_name":"Luisa","full_name":"Woestmann, Luisa","last_name":"Woestmann"},{"first_name":"Hendrik","full_name":"Eggert, Hendrik","last_name":"Eggert"},{"first_name":"Barbara","id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Milutinovic","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758","full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara"},{"full_name":"Sroka, Marlene","last_name":"Sroka","first_name":"Marlene"},{"full_name":"Scharsack, Jörn","last_name":"Scharsack","first_name":"Jörn"},{"first_name":"Joachim","full_name":"Kurtz, Joachim","last_name":"Kurtz"},{"first_name":"Sophie","full_name":"Armitage, Sophie","last_name":"Armitage"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Dietmar Schmucker for reading a draft of this manuscript and thank him and his group for\r\nhelpful discussions. We thank Barbara Hasert, Kevin Ferro and Manuel F. Talarico for technical support and helpful\r\ndiscussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This study was supported by grants from the Volkswagen Stiftung (1/83 516 and AZ 86020: both to S.A.O.A.) and from the DFG priority programme 1399 ‘Host parasite coevolution’ (KU 1929/4-2 to R.P. and J.K.).","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Royal Society, The","oa":1,"day":"01","publication":"Royal Society Open Science","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2016","doi":"10.1098/rsos.160138","date_published":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:58Z","_id":"1255","status":"public","pubrep_id":"704","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"ddc":["576","592"],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:49:25Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:41Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1 (Dscam1) has widereaching and vital neuronal functions although the role it plays in insect and crustacean immunity is less well understood. In this study, we combine different approaches to understand the roles that Dscam1 plays in fitness-related contexts in two model insect species. Contrary to our expectations, we found no short-term modulation of Dscam1 gene expression after haemocoelic or oral bacterial exposure in Tribolium castaneum, or after haemocoelic bacterial exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated Dscam1 knockdown and subsequent bacterial exposure did not reduce T. castaneum survival. However, Dscam1 knockdown in larvae resulted in adult locomotion defects, as well as dramatically reduced fecundity in males and females. We suggest that Dscam1 does not always play a straightforward role in immunity, but strongly influences behaviour and fecundity. This study takes a step towards understanding more about the role of this intriguing gene from different phenotypic perspectives.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"04","intvolume":" 3","scopus_import":1,"file":[{"file_name":"IST-2016-704-v1+1_160138.full.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:01Z","creator":"system","file_size":627377,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:41Z","checksum":"c3cd84666c8dc0ce6a784f1c82c1cf68","file_id":"5049","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","volume":3,"issue":"4","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"1268","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"title":"Immune memory in invertebrates","publist_id":"6053","author":[{"id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara","full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758","last_name":"Milutinovic"},{"first_name":"Joachim","full_name":"Kurtz, Joachim","last_name":"Kurtz"}],"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:49:30Z","citation":{"ieee":"B. Milutinovic and J. Kurtz, “Immune memory in invertebrates,” Seminars in Immunology, vol. 28, no. 4. Academic Press, pp. 328–342, 2016.","short":"B. Milutinovic, J. Kurtz, Seminars in Immunology 28 (2016) 328–342.","apa":"Milutinovic, B., & Kurtz, J. (2016). Immune memory in invertebrates. Seminars in Immunology. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004","ama":"Milutinovic B, Kurtz J. Immune memory in invertebrates. Seminars in Immunology. 2016;28(4):328-342. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004","mla":"Milutinovic, Barbara, and Joachim Kurtz. “Immune Memory in Invertebrates.” Seminars in Immunology, vol. 28, no. 4, Academic Press, 2016, pp. 328–42, doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004.","ista":"Milutinovic B, Kurtz J. 2016. Immune memory in invertebrates. Seminars in Immunology. 28(4), 328–342.","chicago":"Milutinovic, Barbara, and Joachim Kurtz. “Immune Memory in Invertebrates.” Seminars in Immunology. Academic Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004."},"intvolume":" 28","month":"08","publisher":"Academic Press","scopus_import":1,"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Mihai Netea for inviting us to contribute to this Theme Issue.","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:03Z","doi":"10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.004","volume":28,"date_published":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","issue":"4","page":"328 - 342","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Seminars in Immunology","day":"01","publication_status":"published","year":"2016"},{"oa":1,"publisher":"PeerJ","quality_controlled":"1","publication":"PeerJ","day":"01","year":"2016","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:59Z","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1865","date_published":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_number":"1865","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Tartally A, Kelager A, Fürst M, Nash D. 2016. Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon. PeerJ. 2016(3), 1865.","chicago":"Tartally, András, Andreas Kelager, Matthias Fürst, and David Nash. “Host Plant Use Drives Genetic Differentiation in Syntopic Populations of Maculinea Alcon.” PeerJ. PeerJ, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1865.","short":"A. Tartally, A. Kelager, M. Fürst, D. Nash, PeerJ 2016 (2016).","ieee":"A. Tartally, A. Kelager, M. Fürst, and D. Nash, “Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon,” PeerJ, vol. 2016, no. 3. PeerJ, 2016.","apa":"Tartally, A., Kelager, A., Fürst, M., & Nash, D. (2016). Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon. PeerJ. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1865","ama":"Tartally A, Kelager A, Fürst M, Nash D. Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon. PeerJ. 2016;2016(3). doi:10.7717/peerj.1865","mla":"Tartally, András, et al. “Host Plant Use Drives Genetic Differentiation in Syntopic Populations of Maculinea Alcon.” PeerJ, vol. 2016, no. 3, 1865, PeerJ, 2016, doi:10.7717/peerj.1865."},"title":"Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon","author":[{"last_name":"Tartally","full_name":"Tartally, András","first_name":"András"},{"full_name":"Kelager, Andreas","last_name":"Kelager","first_name":"Andreas"},{"full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","last_name":"Fürst","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias"},{"last_name":"Nash","full_name":"Nash, David","first_name":"David"}],"publist_id":"5767","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"The rare socially parasitic butterfly Maculinea alcon occurs in two forms, which are characteristic of hygric or xeric habitats and which exploit different host plants and host ants. The status of these two forms has been the subject of considerable controversy. Populations of the two forms are usually spatially distinct, but at Răscruci in Romania both forms occur on the same site (syntopically). We examined the genetic differentiation between the two forms using eight microsatellite markers, and compared with a nearby hygric site, Şardu. Our results showed that while the two forms are strongly differentiated at Răscruci, it is the xeric form there that is most similar to the hygric form at Şardu, and Bayesian clustering algorithms suggest that these two populations have exchanged genes relatively recently. We found strong evidence for population substructuring, caused by high within host ant nest relatedness, indicating very limited dispersal of most ovipositing females, but not association with particular host ant species. Our results are consistent with the results of larger scale phylogeographic studies that suggest that the two forms represent local ecotypes specialising on different host plants, each with a distinct flowering phenology, providing a temporal rather than spatial barrier to gene flow.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 2016","month":"01","scopus_import":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5272","checksum":"c27d898598a1e3d7f629607a309254e1","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:53Z","file_size":1216360,"creator":"system","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:19Z","file_name":"IST-2016-584-v1+1_peerj-1865.pdf"}],"publication_status":"published","volume":2016,"issue":"3","_id":"1431","pubrep_id":"584","status":"public","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:50:41Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:53Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}]},{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.4b565","date_published":"2016-01-22T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"1855","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"date_created":"2021-07-26T09:14:19Z","year":"2016","day":"22","publisher":"Dryad","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4b565","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Summary: Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood. This study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses. Within a structured large-scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in co-occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus prevalence between wild and managed pollinators. Multiple RNA viruses associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate species-specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee populations. Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and defining host associations when considering potential drivers of population decline.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"Mcmahon","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino","first_name":"Dino"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias"},{"last_name":"Caspar","full_name":"Caspar, Jesicca","first_name":"Jesicca"},{"first_name":"Panagiotis","full_name":"Theodorou, Panagiotis","last_name":"Theodorou"},{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark"},{"full_name":"Paxton, Robert","last_name":"Paxton","first_name":"Robert"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"title":"Data from: A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees","citation":{"short":"D. Mcmahon, M. Fürst, J. Caspar, P. Theodorou, M. Brown, R. Paxton, (2016).","ieee":"D. Mcmahon, M. Fürst, J. Caspar, P. Theodorou, M. Brown, and R. Paxton, “Data from: A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees.” Dryad, 2016.","ama":"Mcmahon D, Fürst M, Caspar J, Theodorou P, Brown M, Paxton R. Data from: A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees. 2016. doi:10.5061/dryad.4b565","apa":"Mcmahon, D., Fürst, M., Caspar, J., Theodorou, P., Brown, M., & Paxton, R. (2016). Data from: A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4b565","mla":"Mcmahon, Dino, et al. Data from: A Sting in the Spit: Widespread Cross-Infection of Multiple RNA Viruses across Wild and Managed Bees. Dryad, 2016, doi:10.5061/dryad.4b565.","ista":"Mcmahon D, Fürst M, Caspar J, Theodorou P, Brown M, Paxton R. 2016. Data from: A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.4b565.","chicago":"Mcmahon, Dino, Matthias Fürst, Jesicca Caspar, Panagiotis Theodorou, Mark Brown, and Robert Paxton. “Data from: A Sting in the Spit: Widespread Cross-Infection of Multiple RNA Viruses across Wild and Managed Bees.” Dryad, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4b565."},"date_updated":"2023-02-23T10:17:25Z","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","type":"research_data_reference","status":"public","_id":"9720"},{"title":"Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss","publist_id":"6060","author":[{"first_name":"Dino","last_name":"Mcmahon","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino"},{"first_name":"Myrsini","full_name":"Natsopoulou, Myrsini","last_name":"Natsopoulou"},{"last_name":"Doublet","full_name":"Doublet, Vincent","first_name":"Vincent"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","first_name":"Matthias","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Weging, Silvio","last_name":"Weging","first_name":"Silvio"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark","first_name":"Mark"},{"last_name":"Gogol Döring","full_name":"Gogol Döring, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Paxton, Robert","last_name":"Paxton"}],"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"mla":"Mcmahon, Dino, et al. “Elevated Virulence of an Emerging Viral Genotype as a Driver of Honeybee Loss.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 283, no. 1833, 20160811, Royal Society, The, 2016, doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0811.","short":"D. Mcmahon, M. Natsopoulou, V. Doublet, M. Fürst, S. Weging, M. Brown, A. Gogol Döring, R. Paxton, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 283 (2016).","ieee":"D. Mcmahon et al., “Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 283, no. 1833. Royal Society, The, 2016.","apa":"Mcmahon, D., Natsopoulou, M., Doublet, V., Fürst, M., Weging, S., Brown, M., … Paxton, R. (2016). Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0811","ama":"Mcmahon D, Natsopoulou M, Doublet V, et al. Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 2016;283(1833). doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0811","chicago":"Mcmahon, Dino, Myrsini Natsopoulou, Vincent Doublet, Matthias Fürst, Silvio Weging, Mark Brown, Andreas Gogol Döring, and Robert Paxton. “Elevated Virulence of an Emerging Viral Genotype as a Driver of Honeybee Loss.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0811.","ista":"Mcmahon D, Natsopoulou M, Doublet V, Fürst M, Weging S, Brown M, Gogol Döring A, Paxton R. 2016. Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 283(1833), 20160811."},"article_number":"20160811","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:00Z","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2016.0811","date_published":"2016-06-29T00:00:00Z","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences","day":"29","year":"2016","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"publisher":"Royal Society, The","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (Germany): Fit Bee project (grant 511-06.01-28-1-71.007-10), the EU: BeeDoc (grant 244956), iDiv (2013 NGS-Fast Track grant W47004118) and the Insect Pollinators Initiative (IPI grant BB/I000100/1 and BB/I000151/1). The IPI is funded jointly by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Natural Environment Research Council, the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the Living with Environmental Change Partnership. We thank A. Abrahams, M. Husemann and A. Soro\r\nfor support in obtaining\r\nV. destructor\r\n-free honeybees; and BBKA\r\nPresident D. Aston for access to records of colony overwinter\r\n2011–2012 mortality in the UK. We also thank the anonymous refe-\r\nrees and Stephen Martin for comments that led to substantial\r\nimprovement of the manuscript.","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:42Z","ddc":["576","592"],"date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:05:30Z","pubrep_id":"701","status":"public","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","_id":"1262","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"9704","status":"public"}]},"issue":"1833","volume":283,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"0b0d1be38b497d004064650acb3baced","file_id":"4708","file_size":796872,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:42Z","creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2016-701-v1+1_20160811.full.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:08:46Z"}],"publication_status":"published","intvolume":" 283","month":"06","scopus_import":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline."}]},{"abstract":[{"text":"Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Dryad","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cq7t1","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"month":"05","year":"2016","day":"06","date_published":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"1262","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"doi":"10.5061/dryad.cq7t1","date_created":"2021-07-23T08:30:38Z","_id":"9704","type":"research_data_reference","status":"public","citation":{"ista":"Mcmahon D, Natsopoulou M, Doublet V, Fürst M, Weging S, Brown M, Gogol Döring A, Paxton R. 2016. Data from: Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.cq7t1.","chicago":"Mcmahon, Dino, Myrsini Natsopoulou, Vincent Doublet, Matthias Fürst, Silvio Weging, Mark Brown, Andreas Gogol Döring, and Robert Paxton. “Data from: Elevated Virulence of an Emerging Viral Genotype as a Driver of Honeybee Loss.” Dryad, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cq7t1.","ama":"Mcmahon D, Natsopoulou M, Doublet V, et al. Data from: Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. 2016. doi:10.5061/dryad.cq7t1","apa":"Mcmahon, D., Natsopoulou, M., Doublet, V., Fürst, M., Weging, S., Brown, M., … Paxton, R. (2016). Data from: Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cq7t1","ieee":"D. Mcmahon et al., “Data from: Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss.” Dryad, 2016.","short":"D. Mcmahon, M. Natsopoulou, V. Doublet, M. Fürst, S. Weging, M. Brown, A. Gogol Döring, R. Paxton, (2016).","mla":"Mcmahon, Dino, et al. Data from: Elevated Virulence of an Emerging Viral Genotype as a Driver of Honeybee Loss. Dryad, 2016, doi:10.5061/dryad.cq7t1."},"date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:54:31Z","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","author":[{"first_name":"Dino","last_name":"Mcmahon","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino"},{"last_name":"Natsopoulou","full_name":"Natsopoulou, Myrsini","first_name":"Myrsini"},{"first_name":"Vincent","full_name":"Doublet, Vincent","last_name":"Doublet"},{"last_name":"Fürst","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","first_name":"Matthias","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Silvio","full_name":"Weging, Silvio","last_name":"Weging"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark","first_name":"Mark"},{"full_name":"Gogol Döring, Andreas","last_name":"Gogol Döring","first_name":"Andreas"},{"last_name":"Paxton","full_name":"Paxton, Robert","first_name":"Robert"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Data from: Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}]},{"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"Reciprocal coevolution between host and pathogen is widely seen as a major driver of evolution and biological innovation. Yet, to date, the underlying genetic mechanisms and associated trait functions that are unique to rapid coevolutionary change are generally unknown. We here combined experimental evolution of the bacterial biocontrol agent Bacillus thuringiensis and its nematode host Caenorhabditis elegans with large-scale phenotyping, whole genome analysis, and functional genetics to demonstrate the selective benefit of pathogen virulence and the underlying toxin genes during the adaptation process. We show that: (i) high virulence was specifically favoured during pathogen–host coevolution rather than pathogen one-sided adaptation to a nonchanging host or to an environment without host; (ii) the pathogen genotype BT-679 with known nematocidal toxin genes and high virulence specifically swept to fixation in all of the independent replicate populations under coevolution but only some under one-sided adaptation; (iii) high virulence in the BT-679-dominated populations correlated with elevated copy numbers of the plasmid containing the nematocidal toxin genes; (iv) loss of virulence in a toxin-plasmid lacking BT-679 isolate was reconstituted by genetic reintroduction or external addition of the toxins.We conclude that sustained coevolution is distinct from unidirectional selection in shaping the pathogen's genome and life history characteristics. To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the pathogen genes involved in coevolutionary adaptation in an animal host–pathogen interaction system.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"06","intvolume":" 13","scopus_import":1,"file":[{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"5063","checksum":"30dee7a2c11ed09f2f5634655c0146f8","creator":"system","file_size":3468956,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:02Z","file_name":"IST-2016-481-v1+1_journal.pbio.1002169.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:13Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","issue":"6","volume":13,"ec_funded":1,"_id":"1551","status":"public","pubrep_id":"481","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:51:33Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:02Z","acknowledgement":"We are very grateful for funding from the German Science Foundation (DFG) to HS (SCHU 1415/8, SCHU 1415/9), PR (RO 2994/3), EBB (BO 2544/7), HL (LI 1690/2), AT (TE 976/2), RDS (SCHU 2522/1), JK (KU 1929/4); from the Kiel Excellence Cluster Inflammation at Interfaces to HS and PR; and from the ISTFELLOW program (Co-fund Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission) to LM.","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Public Library of Science","oa":1,"day":"04","publication":"PLoS Biology","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2015","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1002169","date_published":"2015-06-04T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:52:40Z","page":"1 - 30","project":[{"grant_number":"291734","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ieee":"L. El Masri et al., “Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes,” PLoS Biology, vol. 13, no. 6. Public Library of Science, pp. 1–30, 2015.","short":"L. El Masri, A. Branca, A. Sheppard, A. Papkou, D. Laehnemann, P. Guenther, S. Prahl, M. Saebelfeld, J. Hollensteiner, H. Liesegang, E. Brzuszkiewicz, R. Daniel, N. Michiels, R. Schulte, J. Kurtz, P. Rosenstiel, A. Telschow, E. Bornberg Bauer, H. Schulenburg, PLoS Biology 13 (2015) 1–30.","ama":"El Masri L, Branca A, Sheppard A, et al. Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes. PLoS Biology. 2015;13(6):1-30. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002169","apa":"El Masri, L., Branca, A., Sheppard, A., Papkou, A., Laehnemann, D., Guenther, P., … Schulenburg, H. (2015). Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes. PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002169","mla":"El Masri, Leila, et al. “Host–Pathogen Coevolution: The Selective Advantage of Bacillus Thuringiensis Virulence and Its Cry Toxin Genes.” PLoS Biology, vol. 13, no. 6, Public Library of Science, 2015, pp. 1–30, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002169.","ista":"El Masri L, Branca A, Sheppard A, Papkou A, Laehnemann D, Guenther P, Prahl S, Saebelfeld M, Hollensteiner J, Liesegang H, Brzuszkiewicz E, Daniel R, Michiels N, Schulte R, Kurtz J, Rosenstiel P, Telschow A, Bornberg Bauer E, Schulenburg H. 2015. Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes. PLoS Biology. 13(6), 1–30.","chicago":"El Masri, Leila, Antoine Branca, Anna Sheppard, Andrei Papkou, David Laehnemann, Patrick Guenther, Swantje Prahl, et al. “Host–Pathogen Coevolution: The Selective Advantage of Bacillus Thuringiensis Virulence and Its Cry Toxin Genes.” PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002169."},"title":"Host–pathogen coevolution: The selective advantage of Bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes","publist_id":"5620","author":[{"full_name":"El Masri, Leila","last_name":"El Masri","first_name":"Leila","id":"349A6E66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Branca","full_name":"Branca, Antoine","first_name":"Antoine"},{"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Sheppard","full_name":"Sheppard, Anna"},{"full_name":"Papkou, Andrei","last_name":"Papkou","first_name":"Andrei"},{"full_name":"Laehnemann, David","last_name":"Laehnemann","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Guenther","full_name":"Guenther, Patrick"},{"first_name":"Swantje","last_name":"Prahl","full_name":"Prahl, Swantje"},{"full_name":"Saebelfeld, Manja","last_name":"Saebelfeld","first_name":"Manja"},{"full_name":"Hollensteiner, Jacqueline","last_name":"Hollensteiner","first_name":"Jacqueline"},{"last_name":"Liesegang","full_name":"Liesegang, Heiko","first_name":"Heiko"},{"full_name":"Brzuszkiewicz, Elzbieta","last_name":"Brzuszkiewicz","first_name":"Elzbieta"},{"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Daniel, Rolf"},{"full_name":"Michiels, Nico","last_name":"Michiels","first_name":"Nico"},{"last_name":"Schulte","full_name":"Schulte, Rebecca","first_name":"Rebecca"},{"last_name":"Kurtz","full_name":"Kurtz, Joachim","first_name":"Joachim"},{"full_name":"Rosenstiel, Philip","last_name":"Rosenstiel","first_name":"Philip"},{"last_name":"Telschow","full_name":"Telschow, Arndt","first_name":"Arndt"},{"full_name":"Bornberg Bauer, Erich","last_name":"Bornberg Bauer","first_name":"Erich"},{"first_name":"Hinrich","full_name":"Schulenburg, Hinrich","last_name":"Schulenburg"}]},{"status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"1548","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:51:31Z","intvolume":" 81","month":"12","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651099/","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Reproduction within a host and transmission to the next host are crucial for the virulence and fitness of pathogens. Nevertheless, basic knowledge about such parameters is often missing from the literature, even for well-studied bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, an endospore-forming insect pathogen, which infects its hosts via the oral route. To characterize bacterial replication success, we made use of an experimental oral infection system for the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and developed a flow cytometric assay for the quantification of both spore ingestion by the individual beetle larvae and the resulting spore load after bacterial replication and resporulation within cadavers. On average, spore numbers increased 460-fold, showing that Bacillus thuringiensis grows and replicates successfully in insect cadavers. By inoculating cadaver-derived spores and spores from bacterial stock cultures into nutrient medium, we next investigated outgrowth characteristics of vegetative cells and found that cadaver- derived bacteria showed reduced growth compared to bacteria from the stock cultures. Interestingly, this reduced growth was a consequence of inhibited spore germination, probably originating from the host and resulting in reduced host mortality in subsequent infections by cadaver-derived spores. Nevertheless, we further showed that Bacillus thuringiensis transmission was possible via larval cannibalism when no other food was offered. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecology of Bacillus thuringiensis as an insect pathogen."}],"issue":"23","volume":81,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination","external_id":{"pmid":["26386058"]},"publist_id":"5623","author":[{"last_name":"Milutinovic","full_name":"Milutinovic, Barbara","orcid":"0000-0002-8214-4758","id":"2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Barbara"},{"full_name":"Höfling, Christina","last_name":"Höfling","first_name":"Christina"},{"full_name":"Futo, Momir","last_name":"Futo","first_name":"Momir"},{"first_name":"Jörn","last_name":"Scharsack","full_name":"Scharsack, Jörn"},{"last_name":"Kurtz","full_name":"Kurtz, Joachim","first_name":"Joachim"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Milutinovic, Barbara, Christina Höfling, Momir Futo, Jörn Scharsack, and Joachim Kurtz. “Infection of Tribolium Castaneum with Bacillus Thuringiensis: Quantification of Bacterial Replication within Cadavers, Transmission via Cannibalism, and Inhibition of Spore Germination.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02051-15.","ista":"Milutinovic B, Höfling C, Futo M, Scharsack J, Kurtz J. 2015. Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 81(23), 8135–8144.","mla":"Milutinovic, Barbara, et al. “Infection of Tribolium Castaneum with Bacillus Thuringiensis: Quantification of Bacterial Replication within Cadavers, Transmission via Cannibalism, and Inhibition of Spore Germination.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 81, no. 23, American Society for Microbiology, 2015, pp. 8135–44, doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-15.","apa":"Milutinovic, B., Höfling, C., Futo, M., Scharsack, J., & Kurtz, J. (2015). Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02051-15","ama":"Milutinovic B, Höfling C, Futo M, Scharsack J, Kurtz J. Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2015;81(23):8135-8144. doi:10.1128/AEM.02051-15","short":"B. Milutinovic, C. Höfling, M. Futo, J. Scharsack, J. Kurtz, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81 (2015) 8135–8144.","ieee":"B. Milutinovic, C. Höfling, M. Futo, J. Scharsack, and J. Kurtz, “Infection of Tribolium castaneum with Bacillus thuringiensis: Quantification of bacterial replication within cadavers, transmission via cannibalism, and inhibition of spore germination,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 81, no. 23. American Society for Microbiology, pp. 8135–8144, 2015."},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:52:39Z","doi":"10.1128/AEM.02051-15","date_published":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","page":"8135 - 8144","publication":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","day":"01","year":"2015"},{"volume":370,"issue":"1669","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","month":"05","intvolume":" 370","scopus_import":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410382/","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper introduces a theme issue presenting the latest developments in research on the impacts of sociality on health and fitness. The articles that follow cover research on societies ranging from insects to humans. Variation in measures of fitness (i.e. survival and reproduction) has been linked to various aspects of sociality in humans and animals alike, and variability in individual health and condition has been recognized as a key mediator of these relationships. Viewed from a broad evolutionary perspective, the evolutionary transitions from a solitary lifestyle to group living have resulted in several new health-related costs and benefits of sociality. Social transmission of parasites within groups represents a major cost of group living, but some behavioural mechanisms, such as grooming, have evolved repeatedly to reduce this cost. Group living also has created novel costs in terms of altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious disease as a result of the unavoidable physiological consequences of social competition and integration, which are partly alleviated by social buffering in some vertebrates. Here, we define the relevant aspects of sociality, summarize their health-related costs and benefits, and discuss possible fitness measures in different study systems. Given the pervasive effects of social factors on health and fitness, we propose a synthesis of existing conceptual approaches in disease ecology, ecological immunology and behavioural neurosciences by adding sociality as a key factor, with the goal to generate a broader framework for organismal integration of health-related research."}],"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:29Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"1831","date_published":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2014.0116","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:15Z","day":"01","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences","year":"2015","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Royal Society","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower-Saxony (MWK Hannover) and the German Primate Centre (DPZ) for their support of the 9. Göttinger Freilandtage in 2013, a conference at which most contributions to this issue were first presented, the referees of the contributions to this issue for their constructive comments, Meggan Craft for comments, and Helen Eaton for her support in producing this theme issue.","title":"Sociality and health: Impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies","publist_id":"5272","author":[{"full_name":"Kappeler, Peter","last_name":"Kappeler","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Nunn, Charles","last_name":"Nunn","first_name":"Charles"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["25870402"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"mla":"Kappeler, Peter, et al. “Sociality and Health: Impacts of Sociality on Disease Susceptibility and Transmission in Animal and Human Societies.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669, 20140116, Royal Society, 2015, doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0116.","ama":"Kappeler P, Cremer S, Nunn C. Sociality and health: Impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 2015;370(1669). doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0116","apa":"Kappeler, P., Cremer, S., & Nunn, C. (2015). Sociality and health: Impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0116","short":"P. Kappeler, S. Cremer, C. Nunn, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 370 (2015).","ieee":"P. Kappeler, S. Cremer, and C. Nunn, “Sociality and health: Impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669. Royal Society, 2015.","chicago":"Kappeler, Peter, Sylvia Cremer, and Charles Nunn. “Sociality and Health: Impacts of Sociality on Disease Susceptibility and Transmission in Animal and Human Societies.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0116.","ista":"Kappeler P, Cremer S, Nunn C. 2015. Sociality and health: Impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 370(1669), 20140116."},"article_number":"20140116"},{"month":"05","intvolume":" 372","scopus_import":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Entomopathogenic fungi are potent biocontrol agents that are widely used against insect pests, many of which are social insects. Nevertheless, theoretical investigations of their particular life history are scarce. We develop a model that takes into account the main distinguishing features between traditionally studied diseases and obligate killing pathogens, like the (biocontrol-relevant) insect-pathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Beauveria. First, obligate killing entomopathogenic fungi produce new infectious particles (conidiospores) only after host death and not yet on the living host. Second, the killing rates of entomopathogenic fungi depend strongly on the initial exposure dosage, thus we explicitly consider the pathogen load of individual hosts. Further, we make the model applicable not only to solitary host species, but also to group living species by incorporating social interactions between hosts, like the collective disease defences of insect societies. Our results identify the optimal killing rate for the pathogen that minimises its invasion threshold. Furthermore, we find that the rate of contact between hosts has an ambivalent effect: dense interaction networks between individuals are considered to facilitate disease outbreaks because of increased pathogen transmission. In social insects, this is compensated by their collective disease defences, i.e., social immunity. For the type of pathogens considered here, we show that even without social immunity, high contact rates between live individuals dilute the pathogen in the host colony and hence can reduce individual pathogen loads below disease-causing levels."}],"issue":"5","volume":372,"ec_funded":1,"file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:19Z","file_size":1546914,"creator":"system","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:18:07Z","file_name":"IST-2015-329-v1+1_manuscript.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5326","checksum":"3c0dcacc900bc45cc65a453dfda4ca43"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","status":"public","pubrep_id":"329","type":"journal_article","_id":"1850","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:19Z","ddc":["576"],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:37Z","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","oa":1,"date_published":"2015-05-07T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:21Z","page":"54 - 64","day":"07","publication":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2015","project":[{"grant_number":"250152","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","grant_number":"243071","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"title":"Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates","publist_id":"5251","author":[{"full_name":"Novak, Sebastian","last_name":"Novak","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Novak S, Cremer S. 2015. Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 372(5), 54–64.","chicago":"Novak, Sebastian, and Sylvia Cremer. “Fungal Disease Dynamics in Insect Societies: Optimal Killing Rates and the Ambivalent Effect of High Social Interaction Rates.” Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018.","ieee":"S. Novak and S. Cremer, “Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 372, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 54–64, 2015.","short":"S. Novak, S. Cremer, Journal of Theoretical Biology 372 (2015) 54–64.","apa":"Novak, S., & Cremer, S. (2015). Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018","ama":"Novak S, Cremer S. Fungal disease dynamics in insect societies: Optimal killing rates and the ambivalent effect of high social interaction rates. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2015;372(5):54-64. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018","mla":"Novak, Sebastian, and Sylvia Cremer. “Fungal Disease Dynamics in Insect Societies: Optimal Killing Rates and the Ambivalent Effect of High Social Interaction Rates.” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 372, no. 5, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 54–64, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.02.018."}},{"acknowledgement":"We thank J.R. de Miranda, L. De Smet and D. de Graaf for supplying qRT-PCR and MLPA positive controls, respectively, in the form of plasmids. This work was supported by the Insect Pollinators Initiative (IPI grants BB/1000100/1 and BB/I000151/1). The IPI is funded jointly by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Natural Environment Research Council, The Scottish Government and The Wellcome Trust, under the Living with Environmental Change Partnership.","oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Wiley","year":"2015","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Journal of Animal Ecology","day":"03","page":"615 - 624","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:23Z","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12345","date_published":"2015-03-03T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Mcmahon, Dino, Matthias Fürst, Jesicca Caspar, Panagiotis Theodorou, Mark Brown, and Robert Paxton. “A Sting in the Spit: Widespread Cross-Infection of Multiple RNA Viruses across Wild and Managed Bees.” Journal of Animal Ecology. Wiley, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12345.","ista":"Mcmahon D, Fürst M, Caspar J, Theodorou P, Brown M, Paxton R. 2015. A sting in the spit: Widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees. Journal of Animal Ecology. 84(3), 615–624.","mla":"Mcmahon, Dino, et al. “A Sting in the Spit: Widespread Cross-Infection of Multiple RNA Viruses across Wild and Managed Bees.” Journal of Animal Ecology, vol. 84, no. 3, Wiley, 2015, pp. 615–24, doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12345.","ama":"Mcmahon D, Fürst M, Caspar J, Theodorou P, Brown M, Paxton R. A sting in the spit: Widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2015;84(3):615-624. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12345","apa":"Mcmahon, D., Fürst, M., Caspar, J., Theodorou, P., Brown, M., & Paxton, R. (2015). A sting in the spit: Widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees. Journal of Animal Ecology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12345","ieee":"D. Mcmahon, M. Fürst, J. Caspar, P. Theodorou, M. Brown, and R. Paxton, “A sting in the spit: Widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees,” Journal of Animal Ecology, vol. 84, no. 3. Wiley, pp. 615–624, 2015.","short":"D. Mcmahon, M. Fürst, J. Caspar, P. Theodorou, M. Brown, R. Paxton, Journal of Animal Ecology 84 (2015) 615–624."},"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","external_id":{"pmid":["25646973"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"5245","author":[{"first_name":"Dino","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino","last_name":"Mcmahon"},{"id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X"},{"full_name":"Caspar, Jesicca","last_name":"Caspar","first_name":"Jesicca"},{"full_name":"Theodorou, Panagiotis","last_name":"Theodorou","first_name":"Panagiotis"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark","first_name":"Mark"},{"full_name":"Paxton, Robert","last_name":"Paxton","first_name":"Robert"}],"title":"A sting in the spit: Widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees","abstract":[{"text":"Summary: Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood. This study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses. Within a structured large-scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in co-occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus prevalence between wild and managed pollinators. Multiple RNA viruses associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate species-specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee populations. Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and defining host associations when considering potential drivers of population decline.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 84","month":"03","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:19Z","file_size":1823045,"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:18:29Z","file_name":"IST-2016-460-v1+1_McMahon_et_al-2015-Journal_of_Animal_Ecology.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"5350","checksum":"542a0b9b07e78050a81b35f26f0b82da"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9720","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"issue":"3","volume":84,"_id":"1855","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","pubrep_id":"460","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:06:09Z","ddc":["570"],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:19Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}]},{"volume":370,"issue":"1669","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"9721"}]},"ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-8436"],"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410374/","open_access":"1"}],"month":"05","intvolume":" 370","abstract":[{"text":"To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour—either performed towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)—to remove infectious agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host–pathogen systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host–pathogen systems.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:06:12Z","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","status":"public","_id":"1830","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2014.0108","date_published":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:15Z","year":"2015","day":"26","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences","publisher":"Royal Society, The","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank Meghan L. Vyleta for the genetical fungal strain characterization and Eva Sixt for ant drawings, Matthias Konrad for discussion and Christopher D. Pull, Barbara Casillas-Peréz, Sebastian Novak, as well as three anonymous reviewers and the theme issue editors Peter Kappeler and Charlie Nunn for valuable comments on the manuscript.","publist_id":"5273","author":[{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Theis, Fabian","last_name":"Theis"},{"last_name":"Ugelvig","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Line V"},{"first_name":"Carsten","last_name":"Marr","full_name":"Marr, Carsten"},{"last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"pmid":["25870394"]},"title":"Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies","citation":{"mla":"Theis, Fabian, et al. “Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669, Royal Society, The, 2015, doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0108.","apa":"Theis, F., Ugelvig, L. V., Marr, C., & Cremer, S. (2015). Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108","ama":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 2015;370(1669). doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0108","short":"F. Theis, L.V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, S. Cremer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 370 (2015).","ieee":"F. Theis, L. V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, and S. Cremer, “Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669. Royal Society, The, 2015.","chicago":"Theis, Fabian, Line V Ugelvig, Carsten Marr, and Sylvia Cremer. “Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108.","ista":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. 2015. Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 370(1669)."},"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","project":[{"name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","grant_number":"243071","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Pathogen Detectors Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities in ant societies: a chemo-neuro-immunological approach","grant_number":"302004"},{"_id":"25E0E184-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Antnet"},{"name":"Fellowship of Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin","_id":"25E24DB2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}]},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dj2bf","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"publisher":"Dryad","month":"12","abstract":[{"text":"To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour—either performed towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)—to remove infectious agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host–pathogen systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host–pathogen systems.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2021-07-26T09:38:36Z","date_published":"2015-12-29T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"1830","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"doi":"10.5061/dryad.dj2bf","year":"2015","day":"29","type":"research_data_reference","status":"public","_id":"9721","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Theis","full_name":"Theis, Fabian"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V","last_name":"Ugelvig","first_name":"Line V","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Marr, Carsten","last_name":"Marr","first_name":"Carsten"},{"last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia"}],"title":"Data from: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"citation":{"mla":"Theis, Fabian, et al. Data from: Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies. Dryad, 2015, doi:10.5061/dryad.dj2bf.","apa":"Theis, F., Ugelvig, L. V., Marr, C., & Cremer, S. (2015). Data from: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dj2bf","ama":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. Data from: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. 2015. doi:10.5061/dryad.dj2bf","ieee":"F. Theis, L. V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, and S. Cremer, “Data from: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies.” Dryad, 2015.","short":"F. Theis, L.V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, S. Cremer, (2015).","chicago":"Theis, Fabian, Line V Ugelvig, Carsten Marr, and Sylvia Cremer. “Data from: Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” Dryad, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dj2bf.","ista":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. 2015. Data from: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.dj2bf."},"date_updated":"2023-02-23T10:16:22Z","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf"},{"_id":"1993","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:06:41Z","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The fitness effects of symbionts on their hosts can be context-dependent, with usually benign symbionts causing detrimental effects when their hosts are stressed, or typically parasitic symbionts providing protection towards their hosts (e.g. against pathogen infection). Here, we studied the novel association between the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus and its fungal ectosymbiont Laboulbenia formicarum for potential costs and benefits. We tested ants with different Laboulbenia levels for their survival and immunity under resource limitation and exposure to the obligate killing entomopathogen Metarhizium brunneum. While survival of L. neglectus workers under starvation was significantly decreased with increasing Laboulbenia levels, host survival under Metarhizium exposure increased with higher levels of the ectosymbiont, suggesting a symbiont-mediated anti-pathogen protection, which seems to be driven mechanistically by both improved sanitary behaviours and an upregulated immune system. Ants with high Laboulbenia levels showed significantly longer self-grooming and elevated expression of immune genes relevant for wound repair and antifungal responses (β-1,3-glucan binding protein, Prophenoloxidase), compared with ants carrying low Laboulbenia levels. This suggests that the ectosymbiont Laboulbenia formicarum weakens its ant host by either direct resource exploitation or the costs of an upregulated behavioural and immunological response, which, however, provides a prophylactic protection upon later exposure to pathogens. ","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"pmid":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286035/","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 282","month":"01","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2954"],"issn":["0962-8452"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ec_funded":1,"issue":"1799","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"9740","relation":"research_data"}]},"volume":282,"article_number":"20141976","project":[{"grant_number":"243071","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Host-Parasite Coevolution","grant_number":"CR-118/3-1"}],"citation":{"ista":"Konrad M, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Cremer S. 2015. Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 282(1799), 20141976.","chicago":"Konrad, Matthias, Anna V Grasse, Simon Tragust, and Sylvia Cremer. “Anti-Pathogen Protection versus Survival Costs Mediated by an Ectosymbiont in an Ant Host.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. The Royal Society, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1976.","ama":"Konrad M, Grasse AV, Tragust S, Cremer S. Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 2015;282(1799). doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1976","apa":"Konrad, M., Grasse, A. V., Tragust, S., & Cremer, S. (2015). Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1976","short":"M. Konrad, A.V. Grasse, S. Tragust, S. Cremer, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 282 (2015).","ieee":"M. Konrad, A. V. Grasse, S. Tragust, and S. Cremer, “Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no. 1799. The Royal Society, 2015.","mla":"Konrad, Matthias, et al. “Anti-Pathogen Protection versus Survival Costs Mediated by an Ectosymbiont in an Ant Host.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 282, no. 1799, 20141976, The Royal Society, 2015, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1976."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","external_id":{"pmid":["25473011"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"5090","author":[{"full_name":"Konrad, Matthias","last_name":"Konrad","first_name":"Matthias","id":"46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Grasse","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anna V"},{"full_name":"Tragust, Simon","last_name":"Tragust","id":"35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Simon"},{"first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"title":"Anti-pathogen protection versus survival costs mediated by an ectosymbiont in an ant host","acknowledgement":"Funding was obtained by the German Research Foundation (CR 118–2) and an ERC StG (243071) by the European Research Council (both to S.C.).\r\nWe thank Line V. Ugelvig for help with ant collection and statistical discussion, Xavier Espadaler for detailed information on the ant collection site, Birgit Lautenschläger for the electron microscopy images and Eva Sixt for ant drawings. We further thank Jørgen Eilenberg for the fungal strain, Meghan L. Vyleta for genetic strain characterization and immune gene primer development, Paul Schmid-Hempel for discussion, and Line V. Ugelvig, Xavier Espadaler and Christopher D. Pull for comments on the manuscript. S.C., M.K. and S.T. conceived the study; M.K. and A.V.G. performed the experiments; M.K. performed the statistical analysis; S.C. and M.K. wrote the manuscript with intense contributions of A.V.G. and S.T.; all authors approved the manuscript.","oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"The Royal Society","year":"2015","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences","day":"22","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:55:06Z","date_published":"2015-01-22T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.1976"},{"_id":"9742","status":"public","type":"research_data_reference","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","date_updated":"2023-02-23T10:30:52Z","citation":{"mla":"Westhus, Claudia, et al. Data from: Increased Grooming after Repeated Brood Care Provides Sanitary Benefits in a Clonal Ant. Dryad, 2015, doi:10.5061/dryad.7kc79.","apa":"Westhus, C., Ugelvig, L. V., Tourdot, E., Heinze, J., Doums, C., & Cremer, S. (2015). Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7kc79","ama":"Westhus C, Ugelvig LV, Tourdot E, Heinze J, Doums C, Cremer S. Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant. 2015. doi:10.5061/dryad.7kc79","short":"C. Westhus, L.V. Ugelvig, E. Tourdot, J. Heinze, C. Doums, S. Cremer, (2015).","ieee":"C. Westhus, L. V. Ugelvig, E. Tourdot, J. Heinze, C. Doums, and S. Cremer, “Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant.” Dryad, 2015.","chicago":"Westhus, Claudia, Line V Ugelvig, Edouard Tourdot, Jürgen Heinze, Claudie Doums, and Sylvia Cremer. “Data from: Increased Grooming after Repeated Brood Care Provides Sanitary Benefits in a Clonal Ant.” Dryad, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7kc79.","ista":"Westhus C, Ugelvig LV, Tourdot E, Heinze J, Doums C, Cremer S. 2015. Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.7kc79."},"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"title":"Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Westhus","full_name":"Westhus, Claudia"},{"id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Line V","last_name":"Ugelvig","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883"},{"full_name":"Tourdot, Edouard","last_name":"Tourdot","first_name":"Edouard"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Heinze","full_name":"Heinze, Jürgen"},{"full_name":"Doums, Claudie","last_name":"Doums","first_name":"Claudie"},{"id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","last_name":"Cremer"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"Repeated pathogen exposure is a common threat in colonies of social insects, posing selection pressures on colony members to respond with improved disease-defense performance. We here tested whether experience gained by repeated tending of low-level fungus-exposed (Metarhizium robertsii) larvae may alter the performance of sanitary brood care in the clonal ant, Platythyrea punctata. We trained ants individually over nine consecutive trials to either sham-treated or fungus-exposed larvae. We then compared the larval grooming behavior of naive and trained ants and measured how effectively they removed infectious fungal conidiospores from the fungus-exposed larvae. We found that the ants changed the duration of larval grooming in response to both, larval treatment and their level of experience: (1) sham-treated larvae received longer grooming than the fungus-exposed larvae and (2) trained ants performed less self-grooming but longer larval grooming than naive ants, which was true for both, ants trained to fungus-exposed and also to sham-treated larvae. Ants that groomed the fungus-exposed larvae for longer periods removed a higher number of fungal conidiospores from the surface of the fungus-exposed larvae. As experienced ants performed longer larval grooming, they were more effective in fungal removal, thus making them better caretakers under pathogen attack of the colony. By studying this clonal ant, we can thus conclude that even in the absence of genetic variation between colony members, differences in experience levels of brood care may affect performance of sanitary brood care in social insects.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"07","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7kc79","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Dryad","day":"09","year":"2015","date_created":"2021-07-28T08:52:53Z","date_published":"2015-07-09T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"2161","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"doi":"10.5061/dryad.7kc79"},{"publisher":"IST Austria","alternative_title":["IST Austria Thesis"],"month":"04","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The co-evolution of hosts and pathogens is characterized by continuous adaptations of both parties. Pathogens of social insects need to adapt towards disease defences at two levels: 1) individual immunity of each colony member consisting of behavioural defence strategies as well as humoral and cellular immune responses and 2) social immunity that is collectively performed by all group members comprising behavioural, physiological and organisational defence strategies.\r\n\r\nTo disentangle the selection pressure on pathogens by the collective versus individual level of disease defence in social insects, we performed an evolution experiment using the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile, as a host and a mixture of the general insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium spp. (6 strains) as a pathogen. We allowed pathogen evolution over 10 serial host passages to two different evolution host treatments: (1) only individual host immunity in a single host treatment, and (2) simultaneously acting individual and social immunity in a social host treatment, in which an exposed ant was accompanied by two untreated nestmates.\r\n\r\nBefore starting the pathogen evolution experiment, the 6 Metarhizium spp. strains were characterised concerning conidiospore size killing rates in singly and socially reared ants, their competitiveness under coinfecting conditions and their influence on ant behaviour. We analysed how the ancestral atrain mixture changed in conidiospere size, killing rate and strain composition dependent on host treatment (single or social hosts) during 10 passages and found that killing rate and conidiospere size of the pathogen increased under both evolution regimes, but different depending on host treatment.\r\n\r\nTesting the evolved strain mixtures that evolved under either the single or social host treatment under both single and social current rearing conditions in a full factorial design experiment revealed that the additional collective defences in insect societies add new selection pressure for their coevolving pathogens that compromise their ability to adapt to its host at the group level. To our knowledge, this is the first study directly measuring the influence of social immunity on pathogen evolution."}],"acknowledgement":"This work was funded by the DFG and the ERC.","oa_version":"None","page":"101","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:49Z","date_published":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","year":"2014","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","type":"dissertation","status":"public","_id":"1404","publist_id":"5803","author":[{"id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Stock","full_name":"Stock, Miriam"}],"title":"Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in ants","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"citation":{"ieee":"M. Stock, “Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in ants,” IST Austria, 2014.","short":"M. Stock, Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus Social Immunity in Ants, IST Austria, 2014.","apa":"Stock, M. (2014). Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in ants. IST Austria.","ama":"Stock M. Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in ants. 2014.","mla":"Stock, Miriam. Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus Social Immunity in Ants. IST Austria, 2014.","ista":"Stock M. 2014. Evolution of a fungal pathogen towards individual versus social immunity in ants. IST Austria.","chicago":"Stock, Miriam. “Evolution of a Fungal Pathogen towards Individual versus Social Immunity in Ants.” IST Austria, 2014."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:50:30Z","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia M","first_name":"Sylvia M","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"pmid":["24725091"]},"publist_id":"5190","author":[{"last_name":"Tobler","full_name":"Tobler, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Plath, Martin","last_name":"Plath","first_name":"Martin"},{"last_name":"Riesch","full_name":"Riesch, Rüdiger","first_name":"Rüdiger"},{"first_name":"Ingo","last_name":"Schlupp","full_name":"Schlupp, Ingo"},{"last_name":"Grasse","full_name":"Grasse, Anna V","id":"406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anna V"},{"first_name":"Gopi","full_name":"Munimanda, Gopi","last_name":"Munimanda"},{"first_name":"C","last_name":"Setzer","full_name":"Setzer, C"},{"last_name":"Penn","full_name":"Penn, Dustin","first_name":"Dustin"},{"full_name":"Moodley, Yoshan","last_name":"Moodley","first_name":"Yoshan"}],"title":"Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations","citation":{"ista":"Tobler M, Plath M, Riesch R, Schlupp I, Grasse AV, Munimanda G, Setzer C, Penn D, Moodley Y. 2014. Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 27(5), 960–974.","chicago":"Tobler, Michael, Martin Plath, Rüdiger Riesch, Ingo Schlupp, Anna V Grasse, Gopi Munimanda, C Setzer, Dustin Penn, and Yoshan Moodley. “Selection from Parasites Favours Immunogenetic Diversity but Not Divergence among Locally Adapted Host Populations.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12370.","apa":"Tobler, M., Plath, M., Riesch, R., Schlupp, I., Grasse, A. V., Munimanda, G., … Moodley, Y. (2014). Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12370","ama":"Tobler M, Plath M, Riesch R, et al. Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2014;27(5):960-974. doi:10.1111/jeb.12370","ieee":"M. Tobler et al., “Selection from parasites favours immunogenetic diversity but not divergence among locally adapted host populations,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 27, no. 5. Wiley, pp. 960–974, 2014.","short":"M. Tobler, M. Plath, R. Riesch, I. Schlupp, A.V. Grasse, G. Munimanda, C. Setzer, D. Penn, Y. Moodley, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27 (2014) 960–974.","mla":"Tobler, Michael, et al. “Selection from Parasites Favours Immunogenetic Diversity but Not Divergence among Locally Adapted Host Populations.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 27, no. 5, Wiley, 2014, pp. 960–74, doi:10.1111/jeb.12370."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"960 - 974","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:38Z","doi":"10.1111/jeb.12370","date_published":"2014-04-12T00:00:00Z","year":"2014","publication":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","day":"12","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Wiley","acknowledgement":"This study was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to MT (IOS-1121832) and IS (DEB-0743406) and from the German Science Foundation (DFG; PL 470/1-2) and ‘LOEWE − Landesoffensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz’ of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts, to MP.","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2022-06-07T09:22:20Z","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"1905","volume":27,"issue":"5","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1420-9101"],"issn":["1010-061X"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 27","month":"04","abstract":[{"text":"The unprecedented polymorphism in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is thought to be maintained by balancing selection from parasites. However, do parasites also drive divergence at MHC loci between host populations, or do the effects of balancing selection maintain similarities among populations? We examined MHC variation in populations of the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana and characterized their parasite communities. Poecilia mexicana populations in the Cueva del Azufre system are locally adapted to darkness and the presence of toxic hydrogen sulphide, representing highly divergent ecotypes or incipient species. Parasite communities differed significantly across populations, and populations with higher parasite loads had higher levels of diversity at class II MHC genes. However, despite different parasite communities, marked divergence in adaptive traits and in neutral genetic markers, we found MHC alleles to be remarkably similar among host populations. Our findings indicate that balancing selection from parasites maintains immunogenetic diversity of hosts, but this process does not promote MHC divergence in this system. On the contrary, we suggest that balancing selection on immunogenetic loci may outweigh divergent selection causing divergence, thereby hindering host divergence and speciation. Our findings support the hypothesis that balancing selection maintains MHC similarities among lineages during and after speciation (trans-species evolution).","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"oa_version":"None"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Immune systems are able to protect the body against secondary infection with the same parasite. In insect colonies, this protection is not restricted to the level of the individual organism, but also occurs at the societal level. Here, we review recent evidence for and insights into the mechanisms underlying individual and social immunisation in insects. We disentangle general immune-protective effects from specific immune memory (priming), and examine immunisation in the context of the lifetime of an individual and that of a colony, and of transgenerational immunisation that benefits offspring. When appropriate, we discuss parallels with disease defence strategies in human societies. We propose that recurrent parasitic threats have shaped the evolution of both the individual immune systems and colony-level social immunity in insects."}],"oa_version":"None","acknowledgement":"This work was funded by an ERC Starting Grant by the European Research Council (to S.C.) and the ISTFELLOW program (Co-fund Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission; to L.M.).\r\nWe thank Christopher D. Pull, Sophie A.O. Armitage, Hinrich Schulenburg, Line V. Ugelvig, Matthias Konrad, Matthias Fürst, Miriam Stock, Barbara Casillas-Perez and three anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. ","scopus_import":1,"publisher":"Elsevier","quality_controlled":"1","month":"10","intvolume":" 35","publication_status":"published","year":"2014","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Trends in Immunology","page":"471 - 482","date_published":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","volume":35,"issue":"10","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:55:07Z","_id":"1998","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:54:35Z","citation":{"short":"L. El Masri, S. Cremer, Trends in Immunology 35 (2014) 471–482.","ieee":"L. El Masri and S. Cremer, “Individual and social immunisation in insects,” Trends in Immunology, vol. 35, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 471–482, 2014.","ama":"El Masri L, Cremer S. Individual and social immunisation in insects. Trends in Immunology. 2014;35(10):471-482. doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005","apa":"El Masri, L., & Cremer, S. (2014). Individual and social immunisation in insects. Trends in Immunology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005","mla":"El Masri, Leila, and Sylvia Cremer. “Individual and Social Immunisation in Insects.” Trends in Immunology, vol. 35, no. 10, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 471–82, doi:10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005.","ista":"El Masri L, Cremer S. 2014. Individual and social immunisation in insects. Trends in Immunology. 35(10), 471–482.","chicago":"El Masri, Leila, and Sylvia Cremer. “Individual and Social Immunisation in Insects.” Trends in Immunology. Elsevier, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.08.005."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"first_name":"Leila","id":"349A6E66-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"El Masri","full_name":"El Masri, Leila"},{"first_name":"Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"publist_id":"5081","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"title":"Individual and social immunisation in insects"},{"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"date_published":"2014-02-20T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1038/nature12977","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:56:29Z","page":"364 - 366","day":"20","publication":"Nature","year":"2014","title":"Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-3712-925X","full_name":"Fürst, Matthias","last_name":"Fürst","first_name":"Matthias","id":"393B1196-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Mcmahon","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino","first_name":"Dino"},{"full_name":"Osborne, Juliet","last_name":"Osborne","first_name":"Juliet"},{"last_name":"Paxton","full_name":"Paxton, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Mark","first_name":"Mark"}],"publist_id":"4726","user_id":"4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Fürst, Matthias, Dino Mcmahon, Juliet Osborne, Robert Paxton, and Mark Brown. “Disease Associations between Honeybees and Bumblebees as a Threat to Wild Pollinators.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12977.","ista":"Fürst M, Mcmahon D, Osborne J, Paxton R, Brown M. 2014. Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators. Nature. 506(7488), 364–366.","mla":"Fürst, Matthias, et al. “Disease Associations between Honeybees and Bumblebees as a Threat to Wild Pollinators.” Nature, vol. 506, no. 7488, Nature Publishing Group, 2014, pp. 364–66, doi:10.1038/nature12977.","ieee":"M. Fürst, D. Mcmahon, J. Osborne, R. Paxton, and M. Brown, “Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators,” Nature, vol. 506, no. 7488. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 364–366, 2014.","short":"M. Fürst, D. Mcmahon, J. Osborne, R. Paxton, M. Brown, Nature 506 (2014) 364–366.","ama":"Fürst M, Mcmahon D, Osborne J, Paxton R, Brown M. Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators. Nature. 2014;506(7488):364-366. doi:10.1038/nature12977","apa":"Fürst, M., Mcmahon, D., Osborne, J., Paxton, R., & Brown, M. (2014). Disease associations between honeybees and bumblebees as a threat to wild pollinators. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12977"},"month":"02","intvolume":" 506","scopus_import":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3985068/","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"text":"Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a risk to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, by affecting managed livestock and wildlife that provide valuable resources and ecosystem services, such as the pollination of crops. Honeybees (Apis mellifera), the prevailing managed insect crop pollinator, suffer from a range of emerging and exotic high-impact pathogens, and population maintenance requires active management by beekeepers to control them. Wild pollinators such as bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are in global decline, one cause of which may be pathogen spillover from managed pollinators like honeybees or commercial colonies of bumblebees. Here we use a combination of infection experiments and landscape-scale field data to show that honeybee EIDs are indeed widespread infectious agents within the pollinator assemblage. The prevalence of deformed wing virus (DWV) and the exotic parasite Nosema ceranae in honeybees and bumblebees is linked; as honeybees have higher DWV prevalence, and sympatric bumblebees and honeybees are infected by the same DWV strains, Apis is the likely source of at least one major EID in wild pollinators. Lessons learned from vertebrates highlight the need for increased pathogen control in managed bee species to maintain wild pollinators, as declines in native pollinators may be caused by interspecies pathogen transmission originating from managed pollinators.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":506,"issue":"7488","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["00280836"]},"publication_status":"published","status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"2235","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:56:11Z"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2014","day":"06","publication":"PLoS One","date_published":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0103989","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:55:37Z","acknowledgement":"This study was funded jointly by a grant from BBSRC, Defra, NERC, the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the Insect Pollinators Initiative (grant numbers BB/I00097/1 and BB/I000100/1). Rothamsted Research is a national institute of bioscience strategically funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).","publisher":"Public Library of Science","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Wolf, Stephan, Dino Mcmahon, Ka Lim, Christopher Pull, Suzanne Clark, Robert Paxton, and Juliet Osborne. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals Reduced Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One. Public Library of Science, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.","ista":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, Pull C, Clark S, Paxton R, Osborne J. 2014. So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. 9(8), e103989.","mla":"Wolf, Stephan, et al. “So near and yet so Far: Harmonic Radar Reveals Reduced Homing Ability of Nosema Infected Honeybees.” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8, e103989, Public Library of Science, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989.","short":"S. Wolf, D. Mcmahon, K. Lim, C. Pull, S. Clark, R. Paxton, J. Osborne, PLoS One 9 (2014).","ieee":"S. Wolf et al., “So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 8. Public Library of Science, 2014.","apa":"Wolf, S., Mcmahon, D., Lim, K., Pull, C., Clark, S., Paxton, R., & Osborne, J. (2014). So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103989","ama":"Wolf S, Mcmahon D, Lim K, et al. So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees. PLoS One. 2014;9(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103989"},"user_id":"4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","author":[{"full_name":"Wolf, Stephan","last_name":"Wolf","first_name":"Stephan"},{"first_name":"Dino","last_name":"Mcmahon","full_name":"Mcmahon, Dino"},{"last_name":"Lim","full_name":"Lim, Ka","first_name":"Ka"},{"last_name":"Pull","full_name":"Pull, Christopher","orcid":"0000-0003-1122-3982","id":"3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christopher"},{"first_name":"Suzanne","last_name":"Clark","full_name":"Clark, Suzanne"},{"last_name":"Paxton","full_name":"Paxton, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"full_name":"Osborne, Juliet","last_name":"Osborne","first_name":"Juliet"}],"publist_id":"4949","title":"So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability of Nosema infected honeybees","article_number":"e103989","publication_status":"published","file":[{"file_id":"5042","checksum":"2fc62c6739eada4bddf026afbae669db","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:13:55Z","file_name":"IST-2016-437-v1+1_journal.pone.0103989.pdf","creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:28Z","file_size":1013386}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"9888","relation":"research_data"}]},"issue":"8","volume":9,"abstract":[{"text":"Pathogens may gain a fitness advantage through manipulation of the behaviour of their hosts. Likewise, host behavioural changes can be a defence mechanism, counteracting the impact of pathogens on host fitness. We apply harmonic radar technology to characterize the impact of an emerging pathogen - Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) - on honeybee (Apis mellifera) flight and orientation performance in the field. Honeybees are the most important commercial pollinators. Emerging diseases have been proposed to play a prominent role in colony decline, partly through sub-lethal behavioural manipulation of their hosts. We found that homing success was significantly reduced in diseased (65.8%) versus healthy foragers (92.5%). Although lost bees had significantly reduced continuous flight times and prolonged resting times, other flight characteristics and navigational abilities showed no significant difference between infected and non-infected bees. Our results suggest that infected bees express normal flight characteristics but are constrained in their homing ability, potentially compromising the colony by reducing its resource inputs, but also counteracting the intra-colony spread of infection. We provide the first high-resolution analysis of sub-lethal effects of an emerging disease on insect flight behaviour. The potential causes and the implications for both host and parasite are discussed.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":1,"month":"08","intvolume":" 9","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:11:56Z","ddc":["570"],"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:28Z","_id":"2086","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"status":"public","pubrep_id":"437"}]