[{"article_number":"102795","author":[{"last_name":"Hansen","first_name":"Andi H","id":"38853E16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hansen, Andi H"},{"id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"http://github.com/hippenmeyerlab","relation":"software"}]},"date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","date_updated":"2024-01-17T10:32:31Z","volume":5,"year":"2024","acknowledgement":"We thank Florian Pauler for discussion and his expert technical support. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) at IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and Preclinical Facility (PCF). A.H.H. was a recipient of a DOC Fellowship (24812) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.","pmid":1,"publication_status":"epub_ahead","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","month":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2666-1667"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["38165800"]},"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Molecular Mechanisms of Radial Neuronal Migration","_id":"2625A13E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"24812"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) technology enables the sparse labeling of genetically defined neurons. We present a protocol for time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using MADM. We describe steps for the isolation, culturing, and 4D imaging of neuronal dynamics in MADM-labeled brain tissue. While this protocol is compatible with other single-cell labeling methods, the MADM approach provides a genetic platform for the functional assessment of cell-autonomous candidate gene function and the relative contribution of non-cell-autonomous effects.\r\n\r\nFor complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hansen et al. (2022),1 Contreras et al. (2021),2 and Amberg and Hippenmeyer (2021).3","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"14794","title":"Time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using mosaic analysis with double markers","status":"public","intvolume":" 5","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"STAR Protocols","citation":{"ama":"Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer S. Time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using mosaic analysis with double markers. STAR Protocols. 2024;5(1). doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795","apa":"Hansen, A. H., & Hippenmeyer, S. (2024). Time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using mosaic analysis with double markers. STAR Protocols. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795","ieee":"A. H. Hansen and S. Hippenmeyer, “Time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using mosaic analysis with double markers,” STAR Protocols, vol. 5, no. 1. Elsevier, 2024.","ista":"Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer S. 2024. Time-lapse imaging of cortical projection neuron migration in mice using mosaic analysis with double markers. STAR Protocols. 5(1), 102795.","short":"A.H. Hansen, S. Hippenmeyer, STAR Protocols 5 (2024).","mla":"Hansen, Andi H., and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Time-Lapse Imaging of Cortical Projection Neuron Migration in Mice Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers.” STAR Protocols, vol. 5, no. 1, 102795, Elsevier, 2024, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795.","chicago":"Hansen, Andi H, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Time-Lapse Imaging of Cortical Projection Neuron Migration in Mice Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers.” STAR Protocols. Elsevier, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102795."},"article_type":"review"},{"day":"17","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","page":"230-246.e11","publication":"Neuron","citation":{"ista":"Cheung GT, Pauler F, Koppensteiner P, Krausgruber T, Streicher C, Schrammel M, Özgen NY, Ivec A, Bock C, Shigemoto R, Hippenmeyer S. 2024. Multipotent progenitors instruct ontogeny of the superior colliculus. Neuron. 112(2), 230–246.e11.","ieee":"G. T. Cheung et al., “Multipotent progenitors instruct ontogeny of the superior colliculus,” Neuron, vol. 112, no. 2. Elsevier, p. 230–246.e11, 2024.","apa":"Cheung, G. T., Pauler, F., Koppensteiner, P., Krausgruber, T., Streicher, C., Schrammel, M., … Hippenmeyer, S. (2024). Multipotent progenitors instruct ontogeny of the superior colliculus. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.009","ama":"Cheung GT, Pauler F, Koppensteiner P, et al. Multipotent progenitors instruct ontogeny of the superior colliculus. Neuron. 2024;112(2):230-246.e11. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.009","chicago":"Cheung, Giselle T, Florian Pauler, Peter Koppensteiner, Thomas Krausgruber, Carmen Streicher, Martin Schrammel, Natalie Y Özgen, et al. “Multipotent Progenitors Instruct Ontogeny of the Superior Colliculus.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.009.","mla":"Cheung, Giselle T., et al. “Multipotent Progenitors Instruct Ontogeny of the Superior Colliculus.” Neuron, vol. 112, no. 2, Elsevier, 2024, p. 230–246.e11, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.009.","short":"G.T. Cheung, F. Pauler, P. Koppensteiner, T. Krausgruber, C. Streicher, M. Schrammel, N.Y. Özgen, A. Ivec, C. Bock, R. Shigemoto, S. Hippenmeyer, Neuron 112 (2024) 230–246.e11."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The superior colliculus (SC) in the mammalian midbrain is essential for multisensory integration and is composed of a rich diversity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and glia. However, the developmental principles directing the generation of SC cell-type diversity are not understood. Here, we pursued systematic cell lineage tracing in silico and in vivo, preserving full spatial information, using genetic mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based clonal analysis with single-cell sequencing (MADM-CloneSeq). The analysis of clonally related cell lineages revealed that radial glial progenitors (RGPs) in SC are exceptionally multipotent. Individual resident RGPs have the capacity to produce all excitatory and inhibitory SC neuron types, even at the stage of terminal division. While individual clonal units show no pre-defined cellular composition, the establishment of appropriate relative proportions of distinct neuronal types occurs in a PTEN-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings provide an inaugural framework at the single-RGP/-cell level of the mammalian SC ontogeny."}],"issue":"2","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_name":"2024_Neuron_Cheung.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":5942467,"file_id":"14944","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-02-06T13:56:15Z","date_updated":"2024-02-06T13:56:15Z","success":1,"checksum":"32b3788f7085cf44a84108d8faaff3ce"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","ddc":["570"],"title":"Multipotent progenitors instruct ontogeny of the superior colliculus","intvolume":" 112","_id":"12875","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.009","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression","_id":"059F6AB4-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"F07805"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["38096816"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-02-06T13:56:15Z","date_updated":"2024-03-05T09:43:02Z","date_created":"2023-04-27T09:41:48Z","volume":112,"author":[{"first_name":"Giselle T","last_name":"Cheung","id":"471195F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8457-2572","full_name":"Cheung, Giselle T"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Pauler","id":"48EA0138-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7462-0048","full_name":"Pauler, Florian"},{"full_name":"Koppensteiner, Peter","last_name":"Koppensteiner","first_name":"Peter","orcid":"0000-0002-3509-1948","id":"3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Krausgruber","full_name":"Krausgruber, Thomas"},{"full_name":"Streicher, Carmen","id":"36BCB99C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Streicher","first_name":"Carmen"},{"full_name":"Schrammel, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Schrammel","id":"f13e7cae-e8bd-11ed-841a-96dedf69f46d"},{"full_name":"Özgen, Natalie Y","last_name":"Özgen","first_name":"Natalie Y","id":"e68ece33-f6e0-11ea-865d-ae1031dcc090"},{"last_name":"Ivec","first_name":"Alexis","id":"1d144691-e8be-11ed-9b33-bdd3077fad4c","full_name":"Ivec, Alexis"},{"full_name":"Bock, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Bock"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-pedigree-of-brain-cells/","description":"News on ISTA Website","relation":"press_release"}]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"},{"_id":"RySh"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","acknowledgement":"We thank Liqun Luo for his continued support, for providing essential resources for generating Fzd10-CreER mice which were generated in his laboratory, and for comments on the manuscript; W. Zhong for providing Nestin-Cre transgenic mouse line for this study; A. Heger for mouse colony management; R. Beattie and T. Asenov for designing and producing components of acute slice recovery chamber for MADM-CloneSeq experiments; and K. Leopold, J. Rodarte and N. Amberg for initial experiments, technical support and/or assistance. This study was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by the Imaging & Optics Facility (IOF), Laboratory Support Facility (LSF), Miba Machine Shop, and Pre-clinical Facility (PCF). G.C. received funding from European Commission (IST plus postdoctoral fellowship). This work was supported by ISTA institutional\r\nfunds; the Austrian Science Fund Special Research Programmes (FWF SFB F78 Neuro Stem Modulation) to S.H. ","year":"2024","pmid":1},{"type":"journal_article","issue":"3","abstract":[{"text":"In this issue of Neuron, Espinosa-Medina et al.1 present the TEMPO (Temporal Encoding and Manipulation in a Predefined Order) system, which enables the marking and genetic manipulation of sequentially generated cell lineages in vertebrate species in vivo.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"12542","intvolume":" 111","title":"Going back in time with TEMPO","status":"public","oa_version":"None","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","citation":{"mla":"Villalba Requena, Ana, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Going Back in Time with TEMPO.” Neuron, vol. 111, no. 3, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 291–93, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.006.","short":"A. Villalba Requena, S. Hippenmeyer, Neuron 111 (2023) 291–293.","chicago":"Villalba Requena, Ana, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Going Back in Time with TEMPO.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.006.","ama":"Villalba Requena A, Hippenmeyer S. Going back in time with TEMPO. Neuron. 2023;111(3):291-293. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.006","ista":"Villalba Requena A, Hippenmeyer S. 2023. Going back in time with TEMPO. Neuron. 111(3), 291–293.","apa":"Villalba Requena, A., & Hippenmeyer, S. (2023). Going back in time with TEMPO. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.006","ieee":"A. Villalba Requena and S. Hippenmeyer, “Going back in time with TEMPO,” Neuron, vol. 111, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 291–293, 2023."},"publication":"Neuron","page":"291-293","article_type":"letter_note","date_published":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Villalba Requena, Ana","orcid":"0000-0002-5615-5277","id":"68cb85a0-39f7-11eb-9559-9aaab4f6a247","last_name":"Villalba Requena","first_name":"Ana"},{"full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer"}],"volume":111,"date_updated":"2023-08-01T13:10:27Z","date_created":"2023-02-12T23:00:58Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1097-4199"]},"month":"02","external_id":{"isi":["000994473300001"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.006","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_published":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"review","citation":{"short":"S. Hippenmeyer, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 79 (2023).","mla":"Hippenmeyer, Simon. “Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression: Insights from Developing Cerebral Cortex.” Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol. 79, no. 4, 102695, Elsevier, 2023, doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102695.","chicago":"Hippenmeyer, Simon. “Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression: Insights from Developing Cerebral Cortex.” Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Elsevier, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2023.102695.","ama":"Hippenmeyer S. Principles of neural stem cell lineage progression: Insights from developing cerebral cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2023;79(4). doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102695","ieee":"S. Hippenmeyer, “Principles of neural stem cell lineage progression: Insights from developing cerebral cortex,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol. 79, no. 4. Elsevier, 2023.","apa":"Hippenmeyer, S. (2023). Principles of neural stem cell lineage progression: Insights from developing cerebral cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2023.102695","ista":"Hippenmeyer S. 2023. Principles of neural stem cell lineage progression: Insights from developing cerebral cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 79(4), 102695."},"publication":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"01","keyword":["General Neuroscience"],"scopus_import":"1","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_id":"14071","checksum":"4d11c4ca87e6cbc4d2ac46d3225ea615","success":1,"date_updated":"2023-08-16T12:29:06Z","date_created":"2023-08-16T12:29:06Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_CurrentOpinionNeurobio_Hippenmeyer.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1787894,"creator":"dernst"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":" 79","ddc":["570"],"title":"Principles of neural stem cell lineage progression: Insights from developing cerebral cortex","status":"public","_id":"12679","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","issue":"4","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"How to generate a brain of correct size and with appropriate cell-type diversity during development is a major question in Neuroscience. In the developing neocortex, radial glial progenitor (RGP) cells are the main neural stem cells that produce cortical excitatory projection neurons, glial cells, and establish the prospective postnatal stem cell niche in the lateral ventricles. RGPs follow a tightly orchestrated developmental program that when disrupted can result in severe cortical malformations such as microcephaly and megalencephaly. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms instructing faithful RGP lineage progression are however not well understood. This review will summarize recent conceptual advances that contribute to our understanding of the general principles of RGP lineage progression."}],"type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.conb.2023.102695","project":[{"_id":"059F6AB4-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"F07805","name":"Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression"},{"name":"Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"725780"}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000953497700001"],"pmid":["36842274"]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0959-4388"]},"month":"04","volume":79,"date_updated":"2023-08-16T12:30:25Z","date_created":"2023-02-26T12:24:21Z","author":[{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061","full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"year":"2023","acknowledgement":"I wish to thank all current and past members of the Hippenmeyer laboratory at ISTA for exciting discussions on the subject of this review. I apologize to colleagues whose work I could not cite and/or discuss in the frame of the available space. Work in the Hippenmeyer laboratory on the\r\ndiscussed topic is supported by ISTA institutional funds, FWF SFB F78 to S.H., and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agree-ment no. 725780 LinPro) to SH.","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T12:29:06Z","article_number":"102695"},{"external_id":{"pmid":["36695533"],"isi":["000957721600001"]},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1152/jn.00172.2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3077"],"eissn":["1522-1598"]},"month":"03","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors gratefully thank Dr. Silvia Arber, University of Basel and Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, for support and in whose lab the data were collected. For advice on statistical analysis, we thank Michael Bottomley from the Statistical Consulting Center, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University.","year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Ladle, David R.","first_name":"David R.","last_name":"Ladle"},{"full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","first_name":"Simon"}],"volume":129,"date_updated":"2023-09-05T12:13:34Z","date_created":"2023-02-15T14:46:14Z","citation":{"short":"D.R. Ladle, S. Hippenmeyer, Journal of Neurophysiology 129 (2023) 501–512.","mla":"Ladle, David R., and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Loss of ETV1/ER81 in Motor Neurons Leads to Reduced Monosynaptic Inputs from Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons.” Journal of Neurophysiology, vol. 129, no. 3, American Physiological Society, 2023, pp. 501–12, doi:10.1152/jn.00172.2022.","chicago":"Ladle, David R., and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Loss of ETV1/ER81 in Motor Neurons Leads to Reduced Monosynaptic Inputs from Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons.” Journal of Neurophysiology. American Physiological Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00172.2022.","ama":"Ladle DR, Hippenmeyer S. Loss of ETV1/ER81 in motor neurons leads to reduced monosynaptic inputs from proprioceptive sensory neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2023;129(3):501-512. doi:10.1152/jn.00172.2022","apa":"Ladle, D. R., & Hippenmeyer, S. (2023). Loss of ETV1/ER81 in motor neurons leads to reduced monosynaptic inputs from proprioceptive sensory neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. American Physiological Society. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00172.2022","ieee":"D. R. Ladle and S. Hippenmeyer, “Loss of ETV1/ER81 in motor neurons leads to reduced monosynaptic inputs from proprioceptive sensory neurons,” Journal of Neurophysiology, vol. 129, no. 3. American Physiological Society, pp. 501–512, 2023.","ista":"Ladle DR, Hippenmeyer S. 2023. Loss of ETV1/ER81 in motor neurons leads to reduced monosynaptic inputs from proprioceptive sensory neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. 129(3), 501–512."},"publication":"Journal of Neurophysiology","page":"501-512","article_type":"original","date_published":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","keyword":["Physiology","General Neuroscience"],"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"12562","intvolume":" 129","status":"public","title":"Loss of ETV1/ER81 in motor neurons leads to reduced monosynaptic inputs from proprioceptive sensory neurons","oa_version":"None","type":"journal_article","issue":"3","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Presynaptic inputs determine the pattern of activation of postsynaptic neurons in a neural circuit. Molecular and genetic pathways that regulate the selective formation of subsets of presynaptic inputs are largely unknown, despite significant understanding of the general process of synaptogenesis. In this study, we have begun to identify such factors using the spinal monosynaptic stretch reflex circuit as a model system. In this neuronal circuit, Ia proprioceptive afferents establish monosynaptic connections with spinal motor neurons that project to the same muscle (termed homonymous connections) or muscles with related or synergistic function. However, monosynaptic connections are not formed with motor neurons innervating muscles with antagonistic functions. The ETS transcription factor ER81 (also known as ETV1) is expressed by all proprioceptive afferents, but only a small set of motor neuron pools in the lumbar spinal cord of the mouse. Here we use conditional mouse genetic techniques to eliminate Er81 expression selectively from motor neurons. We find that ablation of Er81 in motor neurons reduces synaptic inputs from proprioceptive afferents conveying information from homonymous and synergistic muscles, with no change observed in the connectivity pattern from antagonistic proprioceptive afferents. In summary, these findings suggest a role for ER81 in defined motor neuron pools to control the assembly of specific presynaptic inputs and thereby influence the profile of activation of these motor neurons."}]}]