TY - JOUR AB - Trafficking cells frequently transmigrate through epithelial and endothelial monolayers. How monolayers cooperate with the penetrating cells to support their transit is poorly understood. We studied dendritic cell (DC) entry into lymphatic capillaries as a model system for transendothelial migration. We find that the chemokine CCL21, which is the decisive guidance cue for intravasation, mainly localizes in the trans-Golgi network and intracellular vesicles of lymphatic endothelial cells. Upon DC transmigration, these Golgi deposits disperse and CCL21 becomes extracellularly enriched at the sites of endothelial cell-cell junctions. When we reconstitute the transmigration process in vitro, we find that secretion of CCL21-positive vesicles is triggered by a DC contact-induced calcium signal, and selective calcium chelation in lymphatic endothelium attenuates transmigration. Altogether, our data demonstrate a chemokine-mediated feedback between DCs and lymphatic endothelium, which facilitates transendothelial migration. AU - Vaahtomeri, Kari AU - Brown, Markus AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - De Vries, Ingrid AU - Leithner, Alexander F AU - Mehling, Matthias AU - Kaufmann, Walter AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 672 IS - 5 JF - Cell Reports SN - 22111247 TI - Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Navigation of cells along gradients of guidance cues is a determining step in many developmental and immunological processes. Gradients can either be soluble or immobilized to tissues as demonstrated for the haptotactic migration of dendritic cells (DCs) toward higher concentrations of immobilized chemokine CCL21. To elucidate how gradient characteristics govern cellular response patterns, we here introduce an in vitro system allowing to track migratory responses of DCs to precisely controlled immobilized gradients of CCL21. We find that haptotactic sensing depends on the absolute CCL21 concentration and local steepness of the gradient, consistent with a scenario where DC directionality is governed by the signal-to-noise ratio of CCL21 binding to the receptor CCR7. We find that the conditions for optimal DC guidance are perfectly provided by the CCL21 gradients we measure in vivo. Furthermore, we find that CCR7 signal termination by the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) is crucial for haptotactic but dispensable for chemotactic CCL21 gradient sensing in vitro and confirm those observations in vivo. These findings suggest that stable, tissue-bound CCL21 gradients as sustainable “roads” ensure optimal guidance in vivo. AU - Schwarz, Jan AU - Bierbaum, Veronika AU - Vaahtomeri, Kari AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Brown, Markus AU - De Vries, Ingrid AU - Leithner, Alexander F AU - Reversat, Anne AU - Merrin, Jack AU - Tarrant, Teresa AU - Bollenbach, Tobias AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 674 IS - 9 JF - Current Biology SN - 09609822 TI - Dendritic cells interpret haptotactic chemokine gradients in a manner governed by signal to noise ratio and dependent on GRK6 VL - 27 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many central synapses contain a single presynaptic active zone and a single postsynaptic density. Vesicular release statistics at such “simple synapses” indicate that they contain a small complement of docking sites where vesicles repetitively dock and fuse. In this work, we investigate functional and morphological aspects of docking sites at simple synapses made between cerebellar parallel fibers and molecular layer interneurons. Using immunogold labeling of SDS-treated freeze-fracture replicas, we find that Cav2.1 channels form several clusters per active zone with about nine channels per cluster. The mean value and range of intersynaptic variation are similar for Cav2.1 cluster numbers and for functional estimates of docking-site numbers obtained from the maximum numbers of released vesicles per action potential. Both numbers grow in relation with synaptic size and decrease by a similar extent with age between 2 wk and 4 wk postnatal. Thus, the mean docking-site numbers were 3.15 at 2 wk (range: 1–10) and 2.03 at 4 wk (range: 1–4), whereas the mean numbers of Cav2.1 clusters were 2.84 at 2 wk (range: 1–8) and 2.37 at 4 wk (range: 1–5). These changes were accompanied by decreases of miniature current amplitude (from 93 pA to 56 pA), active-zone surface area (from 0.0427 μm2 to 0.0234 μm2), and initial success rate (from 0.609 to 0.353), indicating a tightening of synaptic transmission with development. Altogether, these results suggest a close correspondence between the number of functionally defined vesicular docking sites and that of clusters of voltage-gated calcium channels. AU - Miki, Takafumi AU - Kaufmann, Walter AU - Malagon, Gerardo AU - Gomez, Laura AU - Tabuchi, Katsuhiko AU - Watanabe, Masahiko AU - Shigemoto, Ryuichi AU - Marty, Alain ID - 693 IS - 26 JF - PNAS SN - 00278424 TI - Numbers of presynaptic Ca2+ channel clusters match those of functionally defined vesicular docking sites in single central synapses VL - 114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - On January the 1st, 2016 a new agreement between 32 Austrian scientific libraries and the publisher Springer took its effect: this deal covers accessing the licensed content on the one hand, and publishing open access on the other hand. More than 1000 papers by Austrian authors were published open access at Springer in the first year alone. The working group "Springer Compact Evaluierung" made the data for these articles available via the platform OpenAPC and would like to use this opportunity to give a short account of what this publishing agreement actually entails and the working group intends to do. AU - Andrae, Magdalena AU - Villányi, Márton ID - 807 IS - 2 JF - Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare SN - 10222588 TI - Der Springer Compact-Deal – Ein erster Einblick in die Evaluierung einer Offsetting-Vereinbarung VL - 70 ER - TY - JOUR AB - What data is needed about data? Describing the process to answer this question for the institutional data repository IST DataRep. AU - Petritsch, Barbara ID - 825 IS - 2 JF - Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare SN - 10222588 TI - Metadata for research data in practice VL - 70 ER - TY - GEN AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Kiss, Janos ID - 12905 T2 - AHPC17 – Austrian HPC Meeting 2017 TI - Scientific Computing at IST Austria ER - TY - JOUR AB - The current-phase relation (CPR) of a Josephson junction (JJ) determines how the supercurrent evolves with the superconducting phase difference across the junction. Knowledge of the CPR is essential in order to understand the response of a JJ to various external parameters. Despite the rising interest in ultraclean encapsulated graphene JJs, the CPR of such junctions remains unknown. Here, we use a fully gate-tunable graphene superconducting quantum intereference device (SQUID) to determine the CPR of ballistic graphene JJs. Each of the two JJs in the SQUID is made with graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. By independently controlling the critical current of the JJs, we can operate the SQUID either in a symmetric or asymmetric configuration. The highly asymmetric SQUID allows us to phase-bias one of the JJs and thereby directly obtain its CPR. The CPR is found to be skewed, deviating significantly from a sinusoidal form. The skewness can be tuned with the gate voltage and oscillates in antiphase with Fabry-Pérot resistance oscillations of the ballistic graphene cavity. We compare our experiments with tight-binding calculations that include realistic graphene-superconductor interfaces and find a good qualitative agreement. AU - Nanda, Gaurav AU - Aguilera Servin, Juan L AU - Rakyta, Péter AU - Kormányos, Andor AU - Kleiner, Reinhold AU - Koelle, Dieter AU - Watanabe, Kazuo AU - Taniguchi, Takashi AU - Vandersypen, Lieven AU - Goswami, Srijit ID - 988 IS - 6 JF - Nano Letters SN - 15306984 TI - Current-phase relation of ballistic graphene Josephson junctions VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Actin filaments polymerizing against membranes power endocytosis, vesicular traffic, and cell motility. In vitro reconstitution studies suggest that the structure and the dynamics of actin networks respond to mechanical forces. We demonstrate that lamellipodial actin of migrating cells responds to mechanical load when membrane tension is modulated. In a steady state, migrating cell filaments assume the canonical dendritic geometry, defined by Arp2/3-generated 70° branch points. Increased tension triggers a dense network with a broadened range of angles, whereas decreased tension causes a shift to a sparse configuration dominated by filaments growing perpendicularly to the plasma membrane. We show that these responses emerge from the geometry of branched actin: when load per filament decreases, elongation speed increases and perpendicular filaments gradually outcompete others because they polymerize the shortest distance to the membrane, where they are protected from capping. This network-intrinsic geometrical adaptation mechanism tunes protrusive force in response to mechanical load. AU - Mueller, Jan AU - Szep, Gregory AU - Nemethova, Maria AU - De Vries, Ingrid AU - Lieber, Arnon AU - Winkler, Christoph AU - Kruse, Karsten AU - Small, John AU - Schmeiser, Christian AU - Keren, Kinneret AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 727 IS - 1 JF - Cell SN - 00928674 TI - Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks VL - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We report the enhancement of infrared absorption of chemisorbed carbon monoxide on platinum in the gap of plasmonic nanoantennas. Our method is based on the self-assembled formation of platinum nanoislands on nanoscopic dipole antenna arrays manufactured via electron beam lithography. We employ systematic variations of the plasmonic antenna resonance to precisely couple to the molecular stretch vibration of carbon monoxide adsorbed on the platinum nanoislands. Ultimately, we reach more than 1500-fold infrared absorption enhancements, allowing for an ultrasensitive detection of a monolayer of chemisorbed carbon monoxide. The developed procedure can be adapted to other metal adsorbents and molecular species and could be utilized for coverage sensing in surface catalytic reactions. AU - Haase, Johannes AU - Bagiante, Salvatore AU - Sigg, Hans AU - Van Bokhoven, Jeroen ID - 675 IS - 10 JF - Optics Letters TI - Surface enhanced infrared absorption of chemisorbed carbon monoxide using plasmonic nanoantennas VL - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Auf der Suche nach einem Bibliothekssystem entschied sich die Forschungseinrichtung IST Austria im Jahr 2014 für das Open-Source-Produkt Koha. In einem ersten Schritt wurden zunächst Grundfunktionen aktiviert um im Anschluss diverse zusätzliche Tools zum Einsatz zu bringen. Die große Flexibilität des Systems erlaubt maßgeschneiderte Lösungen für unterschiedlichste Institutionen. Trotz Herausforderungen kann die Bibliothek auf eine erfolgreiche Implementierung zurückblicken. AU - Villányi, Márton ID - 1030 IS - 1 JF - Informationspraxis SN - 2297-3249 TI - Ein freies Bibliothekssystem für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken – Werkstattbericht der IST Austria Library VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation in isogenic bacterial populations remain poorly understood.We report that AcrAB-TolC, the main multidrug efflux pump of Escherichia coli, exhibits a strong partitioning bias for old cell poles by a segregation mechanism that is mediated by ternary AcrAB-TolC complex formation. Mother cells inheriting old poles are phenotypically distinct and display increased drug efflux activity relative to daughters. Consequently, we find systematic and long-lived growth differences between mother and daughter cells in the presence of subinhibitory drug concentrations. A simple model for biased partitioning predicts a population structure of long-lived and highly heterogeneous phenotypes. This straightforward mechanism of generating sustained growth rate differences at subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations has implications for understanding the emergence of multidrug resistance in bacteria. AU - Bergmiller, Tobias AU - Andersson, Anna M AU - Tomasek, Kathrin AU - Balleza, Enrique AU - Kiviet, Daniel AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Tkacik, Gasper AU - Guet, Calin C ID - 665 IS - 6335 JF - Science SN - 00368075 TI - Biased partitioning of the multidrug efflux pump AcrAB TolC underlies long lived phenotypic heterogeneity VL - 356 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Roots navigate through soil integrating environmental signals to orient their growth. The Arabidopsis root is a widely used model for developmental, physiological and cell biological studies. Live imaging greatly aids these efforts, but the horizontal sample position and continuous root tip displacement present significant difficulties. Here, we develop a confocal microscope setup for vertical sample mounting and integrated directional illumination. We present TipTracker – a custom software for automatic tracking of diverse moving objects usable on various microscope setups. Combined, this enables observation of root tips growing along the natural gravity vector over prolonged periods of time, as well as the ability to induce rapid gravity or light stimulation. We also track migrating cells in the developing zebrafish embryo, demonstrating the utility of this system in the acquisition of high-resolution data sets of dynamic samples. We provide detailed descriptions of the tools enabling the easy implementation on other microscopes. AU - Von Wangenheim, Daniel AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Fendrych, Matyas AU - Barone, Vanessa AU - Benková, Eva AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 946 JF - eLife TI - Live tracking of moving samples in confocal microscopy for vertically grown roots VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One of the key questions in understanding plant development is how single cells behave in a larger context of the tissue. Therefore, it requires the observation of the whole organ with a high spatial- as well as temporal resolution over prolonged periods of time, which may cause photo-toxic effects. This protocol shows a plant sample preparation method for light-sheet microscopy, which is characterized by mounting the plant vertically on the surface of a gel. The plant is mounted in such a way that the roots are submerged in a liquid medium while the leaves remain in the air. In order to ensure photosynthetic activity of the plant, a custom-made lighting system illuminates the leaves. To keep the roots in darkness the water surface is covered with sheets of black plastic foil. This method allows long-term imaging of plant organ development in standardized conditions. AU - Von Wangenheim, Daniel AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1078 IS - 119 JF - Journal of visualized experiments JoVE TI - Light sheet fluorescence microscopy of plant roots growing on the surface of a gel VL - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The segregation of different cell types into distinct tissues is a fundamental process in metazoan development. Differences in cell adhesion and cortex tension are commonly thought to drive cell sorting by regulating tissue surface tension (TST). However, the role that differential TST plays in cell segregation within the developing embryo is as yet unclear. Here, we have analyzed the role of differential TST for germ layer progenitor cell segregation during zebrafish gastrulation. Contrary to previous observations that differential TST drives germ layer progenitor cell segregation in vitro, we show that germ layers display indistinguishable TST within the gastrulating embryo, arguing against differential TST driving germ layer progenitor cell segregation in vivo. We further show that the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid (IF) is an important factor that influences germ layer TST in vivo, and that lower osmolarity of the IF compared with standard cell culture medium can explain why germ layers display differential TST in culture but not in vivo. Finally, we show that directed migration of mesendoderm progenitors is required for germ layer progenitor cell segregation and germ layer formation. AU - Krens, Gabriel AU - Veldhuis, Jim AU - Barone, Vanessa AU - Capek, Daniel AU - Maître, Jean-Léon AU - Brodland, Wayne AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J ID - 676 IS - 10 JF - Development SN - 09501991 TI - Interstitial fluid osmolarity modulates the action of differential tissue surface tension in progenitor cell segregation during gastrulation VL - 144 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During embryonic development, mechanical forces are essential for cellular rearrangements driving tissue morphogenesis. Here, we show that in the early zebrafish embryo, friction forces are generated at the interface between anterior axial mesoderm (prechordal plate, ppl) progenitors migrating towards the animal pole and neurectoderm progenitors moving in the opposite direction towards the vegetal pole of the embryo. These friction forces lead to global rearrangement of cells within the neurectoderm and determine the position of the neural anlage. Using a combination of experiments and simulations, we show that this process depends on hydrodynamic coupling between neurectoderm and ppl as a result of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion between those tissues. Our data thus establish the emergence of friction forces at the interface between moving tissues as a critical force-generating process shaping the embryo. AU - Smutny, Michael AU - Ákos, Zsuzsa AU - Grigolon, Silvia AU - Shamipour, Shayan AU - Ruprecht, Verena AU - Capek, Daniel AU - Behrndt, Martin AU - Papusheva, Ekaterina AU - Tada, Masazumi AU - Hof, Björn AU - Vicsek, Tamás AU - Salbreux, Guillaume AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J ID - 661 JF - Nature Cell Biology SN - 14657392 TI - Friction forces position the neural anlage VL - 19 ER - TY - CONF AB - The main goal of the SCP-ECG standard is to address ECG data and related metadata structuring, semantics and syntax, with the objective of facilitating interoperability and thus supporting and promoting the exchange of the relevant information for unary and serial ECG diagnosis. Starting with version V3.0, the standard now also provides support for the storage of continuous, long-term ECG recordings and affords a repository for selected ECG sequences and the related metadata to accommodate stress tests, drug trials and protocol-based ECG recordings. The global and per-lead measurements sections have been extended and three new sections have been introduced for storing beat-by-beat and/or spike-by-spike measurements and annotations. The used terminology and the provided measurements and annotations have been harmonized with the ISO/IEEE 11073-10102 Annotated ECG standard. Emphasis has also been put on harmonizing the Universal Statement Codes with the CDISC and the categorized AHA statement codes and similarly the drug and implanted devices codes with the ATC and NASPE/BPEG codes. AU - Rubel, Paul AU - Pani, Danilo AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Fayn, Jocelyne AU - Badilini, Fabio AU - Macfarlane, Peter AU - Varri, Alpo ID - 10810 SN - 2325-887X T2 - 2016 Computing in Cardiology Conference TI - SCP-ECG V3.0: An enhanced standard communication protocol for computer-assisted electrocardiography VL - 43 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cellular locomotion is a central hallmark of eukaryotic life. It is governed by cell-extrinsic molecular factors, which can either emerge in the soluble phase or as immobilized, often adhesive ligands. To encode for direction, every cue must be present as a spatial or temporal gradient. Here, we developed a microfluidic chamber that allows measurement of cell migration in combined response to surface immobilized and soluble molecular gradients. As a proof of principle we study the response of dendritic cells to their major guidance cues, chemokines. The majority of data on chemokine gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. Despite evidence suggesting that in vivo chemokines are often immobilized to sugar residues, limited information is available how cells respond to immobilized chemokines. We tracked migration of dendritic cells towards immobilized gradients of the chemokine CCL21 and varying superimposed soluble gradients of CCL19. Differential migratory patterns illustrate the potential of our setup to quantitatively study the competitive response to both types of gradients. Beyond chemokines our approach is broadly applicable to alternative systems of chemo- and haptotaxis such as cells migrating along gradients of adhesion receptor ligands vs. any soluble cue. AU - Schwarz, Jan AU - Bierbaum, Veronika AU - Merrin, Jack AU - Frank, Tino AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Bollenbach, Mark Tobias AU - Tay, Savaş AU - Sixt, Michael K AU - Mehling, Matthias ID - 1154 JF - Scientific Reports TI - A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The hippocampal CA3 region plays a key role in learning and memory. Recurrent CA3–CA3 synapses are thought to be the subcellular substrate of pattern completion. However, the synaptic mechanisms of this network computation remain enigmatic. To investigate these mechanisms, we combined functional connectivity analysis with network modeling. Simultaneous recording fromup to eight CA3 pyramidal neurons revealed that connectivity was sparse, spatially uniform, and highly enriched in disynaptic motifs (reciprocal, convergence,divergence, and chain motifs). Unitary connections were composed of one or two synaptic contacts, suggesting efficient use of postsynaptic space. Real-size modeling indicated that CA3 networks with sparse connectivity, disynaptic motifs, and single-contact connections robustly generated pattern completion.Thus, macro- and microconnectivity contribute to efficient memory storage and retrieval in hippocampal networks. AU - Guzmán, José AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Frotscher, Michael AU - Jonas, Peter M ID - 1350 IS - 6304 JF - Science TI - Synaptic mechanisms of pattern completion in the hippocampal CA3 network VL - 353 ER - TY - GEN AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Stadlbauer, Stephan ID - 12903 T2 - AHPC16 - Austrian HPC Meeting 2016 TI - High performance computing at IST Austria: Modelling the human hippocampus ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most migrating cells extrude their front by the force of actin polymerization. Polymerization requires an initial nucleation step, which is mediated by factors establishing either parallel filaments in the case of filopodia or branched filaments that form the branched lamellipodial network. Branches are considered essential for regular cell motility and are initiated by the Arp2/3 complex, which in turn is activated by nucleation-promoting factors of the WASP and WAVE families. Here we employed rapid amoeboid crawling leukocytes and found that deletion of the WAVE complex eliminated actin branching and thus lamellipodia formation. The cells were left with parallel filaments at the leading edge, which translated, depending on the differentiation status of the cell, into a unipolar pointed cell shape or cells with multiple filopodia. Remarkably, unipolar cells migrated with increased speed and enormous directional persistence, while they were unable to turn towards chemotactic gradients. Cells with multiple filopodia retained chemotactic activity but their migration was progressively impaired with increasing geometrical complexity of the extracellular environment. These findings establish that diversified leading edge protrusions serve as explorative structures while they slow down actual locomotion. AU - Leithner, Alexander F AU - Eichner, Alexander AU - Müller, Jan AU - Reversat, Anne AU - Brown, Markus AU - Schwarz, Jan AU - Merrin, Jack AU - De Gorter, David AU - Schur, Florian AU - Bayerl, Jonathan AU - De Vries, Ingrid AU - Wieser, Stefan AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Lai, Frank AU - Moser, Markus AU - Kerjaschki, Dontscho AU - Rottner, Klemens AU - Small, Victor AU - Stradal, Theresia AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 1321 JF - Nature Cell Biology TI - Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Based on 16 recommendations, efforts should be made to achieve the following goal: By 2025, all scholarly publication activity in Austria should be Open Access. In other words, the final versions of all scholarly publications resulting from the support of public resources must be freely accessible on the Internet without delay (Gold Open Access). The resources required to meet this obligation shall be provided to the authors, or the cost of the publication venues shall be borne directly by the research organisations. AU - Bauer, Bruno AU - Blechl, Guido AU - Bock, Christoph AU - Danowski, Patrick AU - Ferus, Andreas AU - Graschopf, Anton AU - König, Thomas AU - Mayer, Katja AU - Reckling, Falk AU - Rieck, Katharina AU - Seitz, Peter AU - Stöger, Herwig AU - Welzig, Elvira ID - 1525 IS - 3 JF - VÖB Mitteilungen TI - Arbeitsgruppe „Nationale Strategie“ des Open Access Network Austria OANA VL - 68 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The plant hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development. Auxin levels are sensed and interpreted by distinct receptor systems that activate a broad range of cellular responses. The Auxin-Binding Protein1 (ABP1) that has been identified based on its ability to bind auxin with high affinity is a prime candidate for the extracellular receptor responsible for mediating a range of auxin effects, in particular, the fast non-transcriptional ones. Contradictory genetic studies suggested prominent or no importance of ABP1 in many developmental processes. However, how crucial the role of auxin binding to ABP1 is for its functions has not been addressed. Here, we show that the auxin-binding pocket of ABP1 is essential for its gain-of-function cellular and developmental roles. In total, 16 different abp1 mutants were prepared that possessed substitutions in the metal core or in the hydrophobic amino acids of the auxin-binding pocket as well as neutral mutations. Their analysis revealed that an intact auxin-binding pocket is a prerequisite for ABP1 to activate downstream components of the ABP1 signalling pathway, such as Rho of Plants (ROPs) and to mediate the clathrin association with membranes for endocytosis regulation. In planta analyses demonstrated the importance of the auxin binding pocket for all known ABP1-mediated postembryonic developmental processes, including morphology of leaf epidermal cells, root growth and root meristem activity, and vascular tissue differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that auxin binding to ABP1 is central to its function, supporting the role of ABP1 as auxin receptor. AU - Grones, Peter AU - Chen, Xu AU - Simon, Sibu AU - Kaufmann, Walter AU - De Rycke, Riet AU - Nodzyński, Tomasz AU - Zažímalová, Eva AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1562 IS - 16 JF - Journal of Experimental Botany TI - Auxin-binding pocket of ABP1 is crucial for its gain-of-function cellular and developmental roles VL - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ability to escape apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer-initiating cells and a key factor of resistance to oncolytic therapy. Here, we identify FAM96A as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved apoptosome-activating protein and investigate its potential pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor function in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Interaction between FAM96A and apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1) was identified in yeast two-hybrid screen and further studied by deletion mutants, glutathione-S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Effects of FAM96A overexpression and knock-down on apoptosis sensitivity were examined in cancer cells and zebrafish embryos. Expression of FAM96A in GISTs and histogenetically related cells including interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), “fibroblast-like cells” (FLCs) and ICC stem cells (ICC-SCs) was investigated by Northern blotting, reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. Tumorigenicity of GIST cells and transformed murine ICC-SCs stably transduced to re-express FAM96A was studied by xeno- and allografting into immunocompromised mice. FAM96A was found to bind APAF1 and to enhance the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. FAM96A protein or mRNA was dramatically reduced or lost in 106 of 108 GIST samples representing three independent patient cohorts. Whereas ICCs, ICC-SCs and FLCs, the presumed normal counterparts of GIST, were found to robustly express FAM96A protein and mRNA, FAM96A expression was much reduced in tumorigenic ICC-SCs. Re-expression of FAM96A in GIST cells and transformed ICC-SCs increased apoptosis sensitivity and diminished tumorigenicity. Our data suggest FAM96A is a novel pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor that is lost during GIST tumorigenesis. AU - Schwamb, Bettina AU - Pick, Robert AU - Fernández, Sara AU - Völp, Kirsten AU - Heering, Jan AU - Dötsch, Volker AU - Bösser, Susanne AU - Jung, Jennifer AU - Beinoravičiute Kellner, Rasa AU - Wesely, Josephine AU - Zörnig, Inka AU - Hammerschmidt, Matthias AU - Nowak, Matthias AU - Penzel, Roland AU - Zatloukal, Kurt AU - Joos, Stefan AU - Rieker, Ralf AU - Agaimy, Abbas AU - Söder, Stephan AU - Reid Lombardo, Kmarie AU - Kendrick, Michael AU - Bardsley, Michael AU - Hayashi, Yujiro AU - Asuzu, David AU - Syed, Sabriya AU - Ördög, Tamás AU - Zörnig, Martin ID - 1848 IS - 6 JF - International Journal of Cancer TI - FAM96A is a novel pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal stromal tumors VL - 137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-throughput live-cell screens are intricate elements of systems biology studies and drug discovery pipelines. Here, we demonstrate an optogenetics-assisted method that avoids the need for chemical activators and reporters, reduces the number of operational steps and increases information content in a cell-based small-molecule screen against human protein kinases, including an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase. This blueprint for all-optical screening can be adapted to many drug targets and cellular processes. AU - Inglés Prieto, Álvaro AU - Gschaider-Reichhart, Eva AU - Muellner, Markus AU - Nowak, Matthias AU - Nijman, Sebastian AU - Grusch, Michael AU - Janovjak, Harald L ID - 1678 IS - 12 JF - Nature Chemical Biology TI - Light-assisted small-molecule screening against protein kinases VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The prominent and evolutionarily ancient role of the plant hormone auxin is the regulation of cell expansion. Cell expansion requires ordered arrangement of the cytoskeleton but molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation by signalling molecules including auxin are unknown. Here we show in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that in elongating cells exogenous application of auxin or redistribution of endogenous auxin induces very rapid microtubule re-orientation from transverse to longitudinal, coherent with the inhibition of cell expansion. This fast auxin effect requires auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1) and involves a contribution of downstream signalling components such as ROP6 GTPase, ROP-interactive protein RIC1 and the microtubule-severing protein katanin. These components are required for rapid auxin-and ABP1-mediated re-orientation of microtubules to regulate cell elongation in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls as well as asymmetric growth during gravitropic responses. AU - Chen, Xu AU - Grandont, Laurie AU - Li, Hongjiang AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Paque, Sébastien AU - Abuzeineh, Anas AU - Rakusova, Hana AU - Benková, Eva AU - Perrot Rechenmann, Catherine AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1862 IS - 729 JF - Nature SN - 0028-0836 TI - Inhibition of cell expansion by rapid ABP1-mediated auxin effect on microtubules VL - 516 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To search for a target in a complex environment is an everyday behavior that ends with finding the target. When we search for two identical targets, however, we must continue the search after finding the first target and memorize its location. We used fixation-related potentials to investigate the neural correlates of different stages of the search, that is, before and after finding the first target. Having found the first target influenced subsequent distractor processing. Compared to distractor fixations before the first target fixation, a negative shift was observed for three subsequent distractor fixations. These results suggest that processing a target in continued search modulates the brain's response, either transiently by reflecting temporary working memory processes or permanently by reflecting working memory retention. AU - Körner, Christof AU - Braunstein, Verena AU - Stangl, Matthias AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Neuper, Christa AU - Ischebeck, Anja ID - 1890 IS - 4 JF - Psychophysiology TI - Sequential effects in continued visual search: Using fixation-related potentials to compare distractor processing before and after target detection VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Behavioural variation among conspecifics is typically contingent on individual state or environmental conditions. Sex-specific genetic polymorphisms are enigmatic because they lack conditionality, and genes causing adaptive trait variation in one sex may reduce Darwinian fitness in the other. One way to avoid such genetic antagonism is to control sex-specific traits by inheritance via sex chromosomes. Here, controlled laboratory crossings suggest that in snail-brooding cichlid fish a single locus, two-allele polymorphism located on a sex-linked chromosome of heterogametic males generates an extreme reproductive dimorphism. Both natural and sexual selection are responsible for exceptionally large body size of bourgeois males, creating a niche for a miniature male phenotype to evolve. This extreme intrasexual dimorphism results from selection on opposite size thresholds caused by a single ecological factor, empty snail shells used as breeding substrate. Paternity analyses reveal that in the field parasitic dwarf males sire the majority of offspring in direct sperm competition with large nest owners exceeding their size more than 40 times. Apparently, use of empty snail shells as breeding substrate and single locus sex-linked inheritance of growth are the major ecological and genetic mechanisms responsible for the extreme intrasexual diversity observed in Lamprologus callipterus. AU - Ocana, Sabine AU - Meidl, Patrick AU - Bonfils, Danielle AU - Taborsky, Michael ID - 1892 IS - 1794 JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences TI - Y-linked Mendelian inheritance of giant and dwarf male morphs in shell-brooding cichlids VL - 281 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) are responsible for producing nearly all neocortical neurons. To gain insight into the patterns of RGP division and neuron production, we quantitatively analyzed excitatory neuron genesis in the mouse neocortex using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers, which provides single-cell resolution of progenitor division patterns and potential in vivo. We found that RGPs progress through a coherent program in which their proliferative potential diminishes in a predictable manner. Upon entry into the neurogenic phase, individual RGPs produce ∼8–9 neurons distributed in both deep and superficial layers, indicating a unitary output in neuronal production. Removal of OTX1, a transcription factor transiently expressed in RGPs, results in both deep- and superficial-layer neuron loss and a reduction in neuronal unit size. Moreover, ∼1/6 of neurogenic RGPs proceed to produce glia. These results suggest that progenitor behavior and histogenesis in the mammalian neocortex conform to a remarkably orderly and deterministic program. AU - Gao, Peng AU - Postiglione, Maria P AU - Krieger, Teresa AU - Hernandez, Luisirene AU - Wang, Chao AU - Han, Zhi AU - Streicher, Carmen AU - Papusheva, Ekaterina AU - Insolera, Ryan AU - Chugh, Kritika AU - Kodish, Oren AU - Huang, Kun AU - Simons, Benjamin AU - Luo, Liqun AU - Hippenmeyer, Simon AU - Shi, Song ID - 2022 IS - 4 JF - Cell TI - Deterministic progenitor behavior and unitary production of neurons in the neocortex VL - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Intracellular electrophysiological recordings provide crucial insights into elementary neuronal signals such as action potentials and synaptic currents. Analyzing and interpreting these signals is essential for a quantitative understanding of neuronal information processing, and requires both fast data visualization and ready access to complex analysis routines. To achieve this goal, we have developed Stimfit, a free software package for cellular neurophysiology with a Python scripting interface and a built-in Python shell. The program supports most standard file formats for cellular neurophysiology and other biomedical signals through the Biosig library. To quantify and interpret the activity of single neurons and communication between neurons, the program includes algorithms to characterize the kinetics of presynaptic action potentials and postsynaptic currents, estimate latencies between pre- and postsynaptic events, and detect spontaneously occurring events. We validate and benchmark these algorithms, give estimation errors, and provide sample use cases, showing that Stimfit represents an efficient, accessible and extensible way to accurately analyze and interpret neuronal signals. AU - Guzmán, José AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Schmidt Hieber, Christoph ID - 2230 IS - FEB JF - Frontiers in Neuroinformatics SN - 16625196 TI - Stimfit: Quantifying electrophysiological data with Python VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Invasive alien parasites and pathogens are a growing threat to biodiversity worldwide, which can contribute to the extinction of endemic species. On the Galápagos Islands, the invasive parasitic fly Philornis downsi poses a major threat to the endemic avifauna. Here, we investigated the influence of this parasite on the breeding success of two Darwin's finch species, the warbler finch (Certhidea olivacea) and the sympatric small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus), on Santa Cruz Island in 2010 and 2012. While the population of the small tree finch appeared to be stable, the warbler finch has experienced a dramatic decline in population size on Santa Cruz Island since 1997. We aimed to identify whether warbler finches are particularly vulnerable during different stages of the breeding cycle. Contrary to our prediction, breeding success was lower in the small tree finch than in the warbler finch. In both species P. downsi had a strong negative impact on breeding success and our data suggest that heavy rain events also lowered the fledging success. On the one hand parents might be less efficient in compensating their chicks' energy loss due to parasitism as they might be less efficient in foraging on days of heavy rain. On the other hand, intense rainfalls might lead to increased humidity and more rapid cooling of the nests. In the case of the warbler finch we found that the control of invasive plant species with herbicides had a significant additive negative impact on the breeding success. It is very likely that the availability of insects (i.e. food abundance) is lower in such controlled areas, as herbicide usage led to the removal of the entire understory. Predation seems to be a minor factor in brood loss. AU - Cimadom, Arno AU - Ulloa, Angel AU - Meidl, Patrick AU - Zöttl, Markus AU - Zöttl, Elisabet AU - Fessl, Birgit AU - Nemeth, Erwin AU - Dvorak, Michael AU - Cunninghame, Francesca AU - Tebbich, Sabine ID - 468 IS - 9 JF - PLoS One TI - Invasive parasites habitat change and heavy rainfall reduce breeding success in Darwin's finches VL - 9 ER - TY - GEN AB - Notes from the Third Plenary for the Research Data Alliance in Dublin, Ireland on March 26 to 28, 2014 with focus on starting an institutional research data repository. AU - Porsche, Jana ID - 5422 TI - Notes from Research Data Alliance Plenary Meeting in Dublin, Ireland ER - TY - JOUR AB - Linked (Open) Data - bibliographic data on the Semantic Web. Report of the Working Group on Linked Data to the plenary assembly of the Austrian Library Network (translation of the title). Linked Data stands for a certain approach to publishing data on the Web. The underlying idea is to harmonise heterogeneous data sources of different origin in order to improve their accessibility and interoperability, effectively making them queryable as a big distributed database. This report summarises relevant developments in Europe as well as the Linked Data Working Group‘s strategic and technical considerations regarding the publishing of the Austrian Library Network’s (OBV’s) bibliographic datasets. It concludes with the mutual agreement that the implementation of Linked Data principles within the OBV can only be taken into consideration accompanied by a discussion about the provision of the datasets under a free license. AU - Danowski, Patrick AU - Goldfarb, Doron AU - Schaffner, Verena AU - Seidler, Wolfram ID - 2256 IS - 3/4 JF - VÖB Mitteilungen TI - Linked (Open) Data - Bibliographische Daten im Semantic Web VL - 66 ER - TY - BOOK AB - Das Buch ist sowohl eine Einführung in die Themen Linked Data, Open Data und Open Linked Data als es auch den konkreten Bezug auf Bibliotheken behandelt. Hierzu werden konkrete Anwendungsprojekte beschrieben. Der Band wendet sich dabei sowohl an Personen aus der Bibliothekspraxis als auch an Personen aus dem Bibliotheksmanagement, die noch nicht mit dem Thema vertraut sind. AU - Danowski, Patrick AU - Pohl, Adrian ID - 2306 SN - 2191-3587 TI - (Open) Linked Data in Bibliotheken VL - 50 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Here, we describe a novel virulent bacteriophage that infects Bacillus weihenstephanensis, isolated from soil in Austria. It is the first phage to be discovered that infects this species. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of this podovirus. AU - Fernandes Redondo, Rodrigo A AU - Kupczok, Anne AU - Stift, Gertraud AU - Bollback, Jonathan P ID - 2410 IS - 3 JF - Genome Announcements TI - Complete genome sequence of the novel phage MG-B1 infecting bacillus weihenstephanensis VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Directional guidance of cells via gradients of chemokines is considered crucial for embryonic development, cancer dissemination, and immune responses. Nevertheless, the concept still lacks direct experimental confirmation in vivo. Here, we identify endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 within mouse skin and show that they guide dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. Quantitative imaging reveals depots of CCL21 within lymphatic endothelial cells and steeply decaying gradients within the perilymphatic interstitium. These gradients match the migratory patterns of the dendritic cells, which directionally approach vessels from a distance of up to 90-micrometers. Interstitial CCL21 is immobilized to heparan sulfates, and its experimental delocalization or swamping the endogenous gradients abolishes directed migration. These findings functionally establish the concept of haptotaxis, directed migration along immobilized gradients, in tissues. AU - Weber, Michele AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Schwarz, Jan AU - Moussion, Christine AU - De Vries, Ingrid AU - Legler, Daniel AU - Luther, Sanjiv AU - Bollenbach, Mark Tobias AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 2839 IS - 6117 JF - Science TI - Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients VL - 339 ER - TY - GEN AB - This document is created as a part of the project “Repository for Research Data at IST Austria”. It summarises the actual initiatives, projects and standards related to the project. It supports the preparation of standards and specifications for the project, which should be considered and followed to ensure interoperability and visibility of the uploaded data. AU - Porsche, Jana ID - 5401 TI - Initiatives and projects related to RD ER - TY - GEN AB - This document is created as a part of the project “Repository for Research Data at IST Austria”. It summarises the mandatory features, which need to be fulfilled to provide an institutional repository as a platform and also a service to the scientists at the institute. It also includes optional features, which would be of strong benefit for the scientists and would increase the usage of the repository, and hence the visibility of research at IST Austria. AU - Porsche, Jana ID - 5407 TI - Technical requirements and features ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs) provide key information about the mechanisms of synaptic transmission and the activity modes of neuronal networks. However, detecting spontaneous PSCs in vitro and in vivo has been challenging, because of the small amplitude, the variable kinetics, and the undefined time of generation of these events. Here, we describe a, to our knowledge, new method for detecting spontaneous synaptic events by deconvolution, using a template that approximates the average time course of spontaneous PSCs. A recorded PSC trace is deconvolved from the template, resulting in a series of delta-like functions. The maxima of these delta-like events are reliably detected, revealing the precise onset times of the spontaneous PSCs. Among all detection methods, the deconvolution-based method has a unique temporal resolution, allowing the detection of individual events in high-frequency bursts. Furthermore, the deconvolution-based method has a high amplitude resolution, because deconvolution can substantially increase the signal/noise ratio. When tested against previously published methods using experimental data, the deconvolution-based method was superior for spontaneous PSCs recorded in vivo. Using the high-resolution deconvolution-based detection algorithm, we show that the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in dentate gyrus granule cells is 4.5 times higher in vivo than in vitro. AU - Pernia-Andrade, Alejandro AU - Goswami, Sarit AU - Stickler, Yvonne AU - Fröbe, Ulrich AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Jonas, Peter M ID - 2954 IS - 7 JF - Biophysical Journal TI - A deconvolution based method with high sensitivity and temporal resolution for detection of spontaneous synaptic currents in vitro and in vivo VL - 103 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Contractile actomyosin rings drive various fundamental morphogenetic processes ranging from cytokinesis to wound healing. Actomyosin rings are generally thought to function by circumferential contraction. Here, we show that the spreading of the enveloping cell layer (EVL) over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring. In contrast to previous suggestions, we find that this ring functions not only by circumferential contraction but also by a flow-friction mechanism. This generates a pulling force through resistance against retrograde actomyosin flow. EVL spreading proceeds normally in situations where circumferential contraction is unproductive, indicating that the flow-friction mechanism is sufficient. Thus, actomyosin rings can function in epithelial morphogenesis through a combination of cable-constriction and flow-friction mechanisms. AU - Behrndt, Martin AU - Salbreux, Guillaume AU - Campinho, Pedro AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Oswald, Felix AU - Roensch, Julia AU - Grill, Stephan AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J ID - 2950 IS - 6104 JF - Science TI - Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation VL - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dieser Artikel soll die sechs verschiedenen Creative Commons Lizenzen erläutern und ihre Bedeutung im Rahmen des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens und des Open Access erklären (CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, CC-BY-NC, CC-BY-ND, CC-BYNC-SA, CC-BY-NC-ND). AU - Danowski, Patrick ID - 2965 IS - 2 JF - Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare TI - Kontext Open Access: Creative Commons VL - 65 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students.The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) sessionto-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs. AU - Tangermann, Michael AU - Müller, Klaus AU - Aertsen, Ad AU - Birbaumer, Niels AU - Braun, Christoph AU - Brunner, Clemens AU - Leeb, Robert AU - Mehring, Carsten AU - Miller, Kai AU - Müller Putz, Gernot AU - Nolte, Guido AU - Pfurtscheller, Gert AU - Preissl, Hubert AU - Schalk, Gerwin AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Vidaurre, Carmen AU - Waldert, Stephan AU - Blankertz, Benjamin ID - 493 JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience TI - Review of the BCI competition IV VL - 6 ER - TY - GEN AB - This document is created as a part of the project “Repository for Research Data on IST Austria”. It summarises the actual state of research data at IST Austria, based on survey results. It supports the choice of appropriate software, which would best fit the requirements of their users, the researchers. AU - Porsche, Jana ID - 5398 TI - Actual state of research data @ ISTAustria ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bibliothekare haben die Aufgabe, sich mit neuen Medienformen auseinanderzusetzen. AU - Danowski, Patrick ID - 3244 IS - 4 JF - BuB - Forum Bibliothek und Information SN - 1869 -1137 TI - Die Zeit des Abwartens ist vorbei! VL - 64 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wie wandelt sich das Berufsbild in Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken? Patrick Danowski gibt seine Einschätzung ab. AU - Danowski, Patrick ID - 3243 IS - 1 JF - Büchereiperspektiven SN - 1607-7172 TI - Zwischen Technologie und Information VL - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BioSig is an open source software library for biomedical signal processing. The aim of the BioSig project is to foster research in biomedical signal processing by providing free and open source software tools for many different application areas. Some of the areas where BioSig can be employed are neuroinformatics, brain-computer interfaces, neurophysiology, psychology, cardiovascular systems, and sleep research. Moreover, the analysis of biosignals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), or respiration signals is a very relevant element of the BioSig project. Specifically, BioSig provides solutions for data acquisition, artifact processing, quality control, feature extraction, classification, modeling, and data visualization, to name a few. In this paper, we highlight several methods to help students and researchers to work more efficiently with biomedical signals. AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Vidaurre, Carmen AU - Sander, Tilmann ID - 490 JF - Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience TI - BioSig: The free and open source software library for biomedical signal processing VL - 2011 ER - TY - CONF AB - Segmentation is the process of partitioning digital images into meaningful regions. The analysis of biological high content images often requires segmentation as a first step. We propose ilastik as an easy-to-use tool which allows the user without expertise in image processing to perform segmentation and classification in a unified way. ilastik learns from labels provided by the user through a convenient mouse interface. Based on these labels, ilastik infers a problem specific segmentation. A random forest classifier is used in the learning step, in which each pixel's neighborhood is characterized by a set of generic (nonlinear) features. ilastik supports up to three spatial plus one spectral dimension and makes use of all dimensions in the feature calculation. ilastik provides realtime feedback that enables the user to interactively refine the segmentation result and hence further fine-tune the classifier. An uncertainty measure guides the user to ambiguous regions in the images. Real time performance is achieved by multi-threading which fully exploits the capabilities of modern multi-core machines. Once a classifier has been trained on a set of representative images, it can be exported and used to automatically process a very large number of images (e.g. using the CellProfiler pipeline). ilastik is an open source project and released under the BSD license at www.ilastik.org. AU - Sommer, Christoph M AU - Straehle, Christoph AU - Köthe, Ullrich AU - Hamprecht, Fred A. ID - 9943 KW - image segmentation KW - biomedical imaging KW - three dimensional displays KW - neurons KW - retina KW - observers KW - image color analysis SN - 1945-7928 T2 - 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro TI - Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit ER - TY - BOOK AB - With the term "Library 2.0" the editors mean an institution which applies the principles of the Web 2.0 such as openness, re-use, collaboration and interaction in the entire organization. Libraries are extending their service offerings and work processes to include the potential of Web 2.0 technologies. This changes the job description and self-image of librarians. The collective volume offers a complete overview of the topic Library 2.0 and the current state of developments from a technological, sociological, information theoretical and practice-oriented perspective. ED - Danowski, Patrick ED - Bergmann, Julia ID - 4346 SN - 9-783-1102-3209-7 TI - Handbuch Bibliothek 2.0 VL - 41 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Integrin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion is central for cell and tissue morphogenesis, allowing cells and tissues to change shape without loosing integrity. Studies predominantly in cell culture showed that mechanosensation through adhesion structures is achieved by force-mediated modulation of their molecular composition. The specific molecular composition of adhesion sites in turn determines their signalling activity and dynamic reorganization. Here, we will review how adhesion sites respond to mecanical stimuli, and how spatially and temporally regulated signalling from different adhesion sites controls cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. AU - Papusheva, Ekaterina AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J ID - 4157 IS - 16 JF - EMBO Journal TI - Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis VL - 29 ER - TY - CHAP AB - Mit diesem Buch möchten wir einen Überblick der aktuellen Diskussion zum Thema Bibliothek 2.0 geben und den Stand der tatsächlichen Umsetzung der Web 2.0-Ansätze in deutschsprachigen Bibliotheken beleuchten. An dieser Stelle ist die Frage erlaubt, warum es zu einer Zeit, in der es bereits die ersten "Web 3.0"- Konferenzen gibt, eines Handbuches der Bibliothek 2.0 noch bedarf. Und warum es überhaupt ein deutschsprachiges Handbuch zur Bibliothek 2.0 braucht, wo es doch bereits verschiedenste Publikationen zu diesem Thema aus anderen Ländern, insbesondere des angloamerikanischen Raums gibt. Ist dazu nicht bereits alles gesagt? AU - Bergmann, Julia AU - Danowski, Patrick ED - Bergmann, Julia ED - Danowski, Patrick ID - 4339 T2 - Handbuch Bibliothek 2.0 TI - Ist Bibliothek 2.0 überhaupt noch relevant? – Eine Einleitung in das Handbuch ER - TY - CHAP AB - This chapter tackles a difficult challenge: presenting signal processing material to non-experts. This chapter is meant to be comprehensible to people who have some math background, including a course in linear algebra and basic statistics, but do not specialize in mathematics, engineering, or related fields. Some formulas assume the reader is familiar with matrices and basic matrix operations, but not more advanced material. Furthermore, we tried to make the chapter readable even if you skip the formulas. Nevertheless, we include some simple methods to demonstrate the basics of adaptive data processing, then we proceed with some advanced methods that are fundamental in adaptive signal processing, and are likely to be useful in a variety of applications. The advanced algorithms are also online available [30]. In the second part, these techniques are applied to some real-world BCI data. AU - Schlögl, Alois AU - Vidaurre, Carmen AU - Müller, Klaus-Robert ED - Graimann, Bernhard ED - Pfurtscheller, Gert ED - Allison, Brendan ID - 14983 SN - 1612-3018 T2 - Brain-Computer Interfaces TI - Adaptive Methods in BCI Research - An Introductory Tutorial ER -