TY - JOUR AB - A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed. AU - Pauw, Brian R. AU - Smales, Glen J. AU - Anker, Andy S. AU - Annadurai, Venkatasamy AU - Balazs, Daniel AU - Bienert, Ralf AU - Bouwman, Wim G. AU - Breßler, Ingo AU - Breternitz, Joachim AU - Brok, Erik S. AU - Bryant, Gary AU - Clulow, Andrew J. AU - Crater, Erin R. AU - De Geuser, Frédéric AU - Giudice, Alessandra Del AU - Deumer, Jérôme AU - Disch, Sabrina AU - Dutt, Shankar AU - Frank, Kilian AU - Fratini, Emiliano AU - Garcia, Paulo R.A.F. AU - Gilbert, Elliot P. AU - Hahn, Marc B. AU - Hallett, James AU - Hohenschutz, Max AU - Hollamby, Martin AU - Huband, Steven AU - Ilavsky, Jan AU - Jochum, Johanna K. AU - Juelsholt, Mikkel AU - Mansel, Bradley W. AU - Penttilä, Paavo AU - Pittkowski, Rebecca K. AU - Portale, Giuseppe AU - Pozzo, Lilo D. AU - Rochels, Leonhard AU - Rosalie, Julian M. AU - Saloga, Patrick E.J. AU - Seibt, Susanne AU - Smith, Andrew J. AU - Smith, Gregory N. AU - Spiering, Glenn A. AU - Stawski, Tomasz M. AU - Taché, Olivier AU - Thünemann, Andreas F. AU - Toth, Kristof AU - Whitten, Andrew E. AU - Wuttke, Joachim ID - 14799 IS - 6 JF - Journal of Applied Crystallography SN - 0021-8898 TI - The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin VL - 56 ER - TY - GEN AB - Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \sin \left( 2 \varphi \right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \approx 100 \%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform. AU - Valentini, Marco AU - Sagi, Oliver AU - Baghumyan, Levon AU - Gijsel, Thijs de AU - Jung, Jason AU - Calcaterra, Stefano AU - Ballabio, Andrea AU - Servin, Juan Aguilera AU - Aggarwal, Kushagra AU - Janik, Marian AU - Adletzberger, Thomas AU - Souto, Rubén Seoane AU - Leijnse, Martin AU - Danon, Jeroen AU - Schrade, Constantin AU - Bakkers, Erik AU - Chrastina, Daniel AU - Isella, Giovanni AU - Katsaros, Georgios ID - 13312 KW - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics T2 - arXiv TI - Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas ER - TY - DATA AB - Mapping the complex and dense arrangement of cells and their connectivity in brain tissue demands nanoscale spatial resolution imaging. Super-resolution optical microscopy excels at visualizing specific molecules and individual cells but fails to provide tissue context. Here, we developed Comprehensive Analysis of Tissues across Scales (CATS), a technology to densely map brain tissue architecture from millimeter regional to nanometer synaptic scales in diverse chemically fixed brain preparations, including rodent and human. CATS uses fixation-compatible extracellular labeling and optical imaging, including stimulated emission depletion or expansion microscopy, to comprehensively delineate cellular structures. It enables three-dimensional reconstruction of single synapses and mapping of synaptic connectivity by identification and analysis of putative synaptic cleft regions. Applying CATS to the mouse hippocampal mossy fiber circuitry, we reconstructed and quantified the synaptic input and output structure of identified neurons. We furthermore demonstrate applicability to clinically derived human tissue samples, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded routine diagnostic specimens, for visualizing the cellular architecture of brain tissue in health and disease. AU - Danzl, Johann G ID - 13126 TI - Research data for the publication "Imaging brain tissue architecture across millimeter to nanometer scales" ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mapping the complex and dense arrangement of cells and their connectivity in brain tissue demands nanoscale spatial resolution imaging. Super-resolution optical microscopy excels at visualizing specific molecules and individual cells but fails to provide tissue context. Here we developed Comprehensive Analysis of Tissues across Scales (CATS), a technology to densely map brain tissue architecture from millimeter regional to nanometer synaptic scales in diverse chemically fixed brain preparations, including rodent and human. CATS uses fixation-compatible extracellular labeling and optical imaging, including stimulated emission depletion or expansion microscopy, to comprehensively delineate cellular structures. It enables three-dimensional reconstruction of single synapses and mapping of synaptic connectivity by identification and analysis of putative synaptic cleft regions. Applying CATS to the mouse hippocampal mossy fiber circuitry, we reconstructed and quantified the synaptic input and output structure of identified neurons. We furthermore demonstrate applicability to clinically derived human tissue samples, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded routine diagnostic specimens, for visualizing the cellular architecture of brain tissue in health and disease. AU - Michalska, Julia M AU - Lyudchik, Julia AU - Velicky, Philipp AU - Korinkova, Hana AU - Watson, Jake AU - Cenameri, Alban AU - Sommer, Christoph M AU - Amberg, Nicole AU - Venturino, Alessandro AU - Roessler, Karl AU - Czech, Thomas AU - Höftberger, Romana AU - Siegert, Sandra AU - Novarino, Gaia AU - Jonas, Peter M AU - Danzl, Johann G ID - 14257 JF - Nature Biotechnology SN - 1087-0156 TI - Imaging brain tissue architecture across millimeter to nanometer scales ER - TY - JOUR AB - Singlet oxygen (1O2) formation is now recognised as a key aspect of non-aqueous oxygen redox chemistry. For identifying 1O2, chemical trapping via 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) to form the endoperoxide (DMA-O2) has become the mainstay method due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of use. While DMA has been shown to be selective for 1O2, rather than forming DMA-O2 with a wide variety of potentially reactive O-containing species, false positives might hypothetically be obtained in the presence of previously overlooked species. Here, we first give unequivocal direct spectroscopic proof by the 1O2-specific near infrared (NIR) emission at 1270 nm for the previously proposed 1O2 formation pathways, which centre around superoxide disproportionation. We then show that peroxocarbonates, common intermediates in metal-O2 and metal carbonate electrochemistry, do not produce false-positive DMA-O2. Moreover, we identify a previously unreported 1O2-forming pathway through the reaction of CO2 with superoxide. Overall, we give unequivocal proof for 1O2 formation in non-aqueous oxygen redox and show that chemical trapping with DMA is a reliable method to assess 1O2 formation. AU - Mondal, Soumyadip AU - Jethwa, Rajesh B AU - Pant, Bhargavi AU - Hauschild, Robert AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander ID - 13044 JF - Faraday Discussions KW - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry SN - 1359-6640 TI - Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes ER -