TY - CONF AB - A standard design pattern found in many concurrent data structures, such as hash tables or ordered containers, is an alternation of parallelizable sections that incur no data conflicts and critical sections that must run sequentially and are protected with locks. A lock can be viewed as a queue that arbitrates the order in which the critical sections are executed, and a natural question is whether we can use stochastic analysis to predict the resulting throughput. As a preliminary evidence to the affirmative, we describe a simple model that can be used to predict the throughput of coarse-grained lock-based algorithms. We show that our model works well for CLH lock, and we expect it to work for other popular lock designs such as TTAS, MCS, etc. AU - Aksenov, Vitaly AU - Alistarh, Dan-Adrian AU - Kuznetsov, Petr ID - 5964 SN - 9781450357951 T2 - Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing - PODC '18 TI - Brief Announcement: Performance prediction for coarse-grained locking ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider a Wigner-type ensemble, i.e. large hermitian N×N random matrices H=H∗ with centered independent entries and with a general matrix of variances Sxy=𝔼∣∣Hxy∣∣2. The norm of H is asymptotically given by the maximum of the support of the self-consistent density of states. We establish a bound on this maximum in terms of norms of powers of S that substantially improves the earlier bound 2∥S∥1/2∞ given in [O. Ajanki, L. Erdős and T. Krüger, Universality for general Wigner-type matrices, Prob. Theor. Rel. Fields169 (2017) 667–727]. The key element of the proof is an effective Markov chain approximation for the contributions of the weighted Dyck paths appearing in the iterative solution of the corresponding Dyson equation. AU - Erdös, László AU - Mühlbacher, Peter ID - 5971 JF - Random matrices: Theory and applications SN - 2010-3263 TI - Bounds on the norm of Wigner-type random matrices ER - TY - JOUR AB - G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest receptor family, relay environmental stimuli to changes in cell behavior and represent prime drug targets. Many GPCRs are classified as orphan receptors because of the limited knowledge on their ligands and coupling to cellular signaling machineries. Here, we engineer a library of 63 chimeric receptors that contain the signaling domains of human orphan and understudied GPCRs functionally linked to the light-sensing domain of rhodopsin. Upon stimulation with visible light, we identify activation of canonical cell signaling pathways, including cAMP-, Ca2+-, MAPK/ERK-, and Rho-dependent pathways, downstream of the engineered receptors. For the human pseudogene GPR33, we resurrect a signaling function that supports its hypothesized role as a pathogen entry site. These results demonstrate that substituting unknown chemical activators with a light switch can reveal information about protein function and provide an optically controlled protein library for exploring the physiology and therapeutic potential of understudied GPCRs. AU - Morri, Maurizio AU - Sanchez-Romero, Inmaculada AU - Tichy, Alexandra-Madelaine AU - Kainrath, Stephanie AU - Gerrard, Elliot J. AU - Hirschfeld, Priscila AU - Schwarz, Jan AU - Janovjak, Harald L ID - 5984 IS - 1 JF - Nature Communications SN - 2041-1723 TI - Optical functionalization of human class A orphan G-protein-coupled receptors VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose FlexMaps, a novel framework for fabricating smooth shapes out of flat, flexible panels with tailored mechanical properties. We start by mapping the 3D surface onto a 2D domain as in traditional UV mapping to design a set of deformable flat panels called FlexMaps. For these panels, we design and obtain specific mechanical properties such that, once they are assembled, the static equilibrium configuration matches the desired 3D shape. FlexMaps can be fabricated from an almost rigid material, such as wood or plastic, and are made flexible in a controlled way by using computationally designed spiraling microstructures. AU - Malomo, Luigi AU - Perez Rodriguez, Jesus AU - Iarussi, Emmanuel AU - Pietroni, Nico AU - Miguel, Eder AU - Cignoni, Paolo AU - Bickel, Bernd ID - 5976 IS - 6 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics SN - 0730-0301 TI - FlexMaps: Computational design of flat flexible shells for shaping 3D objects VL - 37 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study a quantum impurity possessing both translational and internal rotational degrees of freedom interacting with a bosonic bath. Such a system corresponds to a “rotating polaron,” which can be used to model, e.g., a rotating molecule immersed in an ultracold Bose gas or superfluid helium. We derive the Hamiltonian of the rotating polaron and study its spectrum in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes using a combination of variational, diagrammatic, and mean-field approaches. We reveal how the coupling between linear and angular momenta affects stable quasiparticle states, and demonstrate that internal rotation leads to an enhanced self-localization in the translational degrees of freedom. AU - Yakaboylu, Enderalp AU - Midya, Bikashkali AU - Deuchert, Andreas AU - Leopold, Nikolai K AU - Lemeshko, Mikhail ID - 5983 IS - 22 JF - Physical Review B SN - 2469-9950 TI - Theory of the rotating polaron: Spectrum and self-localization VL - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the present work, we detail a fast and simple solution-based method to synthesize hexagonal SnSe2 nanoplates (NPLs) and their use to produce crystallographically textured SnSe2 nanomaterials. We also demonstrate that the same strategy can be used to produce orthorhombic SnSe nanostructures and nanomaterials. NPLs are grown through a screw dislocation-driven mechanism. This mechanism typically results in pyramidal structures, but we demonstrate here that the growth from multiple dislocations results in flower-like structures. Crystallographically textured SnSe2 bulk nanomaterials obtained from the hot pressing of these SnSe2 structures display highly anisotropic charge and heat transport properties and thermoelectric (TE) figures of merit limited by relatively low electrical conductivities. To improve this parameter, SnSe2 NPLs are blended here with metal nanoparticles. The electrical conductivities of the blends are significantly improved with respect to bare SnSe2 NPLs, what translates into a three-fold increase of the TE Figure of merit, reaching unprecedented ZT values up to 0.65. AU - Zhang, Yu AU - Liu, Yu AU - Lim, Khak Ho AU - Xing, Congcong AU - Li, Mengyao AU - Zhang, Ting AU - Tang, Pengyi AU - Arbiol, Jordi AU - Llorca, Jordi AU - Ng, Ka Ming AU - Ibáñez, Maria AU - Guardia, Pablo AU - Prato, Mirko AU - Cadavid, Doris AU - Cabot, Andreu ID - 5982 IS - 52 JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition SN - 1433-7851 TI - Tin diselenide molecular precursor for solution-processable thermoelectric materials VL - 57 ER - TY - CONF AB - We consider the MAP-inference problem for graphical models,which is a valued constraint satisfaction problem defined onreal numbers with a natural summation operation. We proposea family of relaxations (different from the famous Sherali-Adams hierarchy), which naturally define lower bounds for itsoptimum. This family always contains a tight relaxation andwe give an algorithm able to find it and therefore, solve theinitial non-relaxed NP-hard problem.The relaxations we consider decompose the original probleminto two non-overlapping parts: an easy LP-tight part and adifficult one. For the latter part a combinatorial solver must beused. As we show in our experiments, in a number of applica-tions the second, difficult part constitutes only a small fractionof the whole problem. This property allows to significantlyreduce the computational time of the combinatorial solver andtherefore solve problems which were out of reach before. AU - Haller, Stefan AU - Swoboda, Paul AU - Savchynskyy, Bogdan ID - 5978 T2 - Proceedings of the 32st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence TI - Exact MAP-inference by confining combinatorial search with LP relaxation ER - TY - JOUR AB - A Ge–Si core–shell nanowire is used to realize a Josephson field‐effect transistor with highly transparent contacts to superconducting leads. By changing the electric field, access to two distinct regimes, not combined before in a single device, is gained: in the accumulation mode the device is highly transparent and the supercurrent is carried by multiple subbands, while near depletion, the supercurrent is carried by single‐particle levels of a strongly coupled quantum dot operating in the few‐hole regime. These results establish Ge–Si nanowires as an important platform for hybrid superconductor–semiconductor physics and Majorana fermions. AU - Ridderbos, Joost AU - Brauns, Matthias AU - Shen, Jie AU - de Vries, Folkert K. AU - Li, Ang AU - Bakkers, Erik P. A. M. AU - Brinkman, Alexander AU - Zwanenburg, Floris A. ID - 5990 IS - 44 JF - Advanced Materials SN - 0935-9648 TI - Josephson effect in a few-hole quantum dot VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The problem of private set-intersection (PSI) has been traditionally treated as an instance of the more general problem of multi-party computation (MPC). Consequently, in order to argue security, or compose these protocols one has to rely on the general theory that was developed for the purpose of MPC. The pursuit of efficient protocols, however, has resulted in designs that exploit properties pertaining to PSI. In almost all practical applications where a PSI protocol is deployed, it is expected to be executed multiple times, possibly on related inputs. In this work we initiate a dedicated study of PSI in the multi-interaction (MI) setting. In this model a server sets up the common system parameters and executes set-intersection multiple times with potentially different clients. We discuss a few attacks that arise when protocols are naïvely composed in this manner and, accordingly, craft security definitions for the MI setting and study their inter-relation. Finally, we suggest a set of protocols that are MI-secure, at the same time almost as efficient as their parent, stand-alone, protocols. AU - Chatterjee, Sanjit AU - Kamath Hosdurg, Chethan AU - Kumar, Vikas ID - 5980 IS - 1 JF - American Institute of Mathematical Sciences TI - Private set-intersection with common set-up VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Genome amplification and cellular senescence are commonly associated with pathological processes. While physiological roles for polyploidization and senescence have been described in mouse development, controversy exists over their significance in humans. Here, we describe tetraploidization and senescence as phenomena of normal human placenta development. During pregnancy, placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the pregnant endometrium, termed decidua, to establish an adapted microenvironment required for the developing embryo. This process is critically dependent on continuous cell proliferation and differentiation, which is thought to follow the classical model of cell cycle arrest prior to terminal differentiation. Strikingly, flow cytometry and DNAseq revealed that EVT formation is accompanied with a genome-wide polyploidization, independent of mitotic cycles. DNA replication in these cells was analysed by a fluorescent cell-cycle indicator reporter system, cell cycle marker expression and EdU incorporation. Upon invasion into the decidua, EVTs widely lose their replicative potential and enter a senescent state characterized by high senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase activity, induction of a SA secretory phenotype as well as typical metabolic alterations. Furthermore, we show that the shift from endocycle-dependent genome amplification to growth arrest is disturbed in androgenic complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), a hyperplastic pregnancy disorder associated with increased risk of developing choriocarinoma. Senescence is decreased in CHM-EVTs, accompanied by exacerbated endoreduplication and hyperploidy. We propose induction of cellular senescence as a ploidy-limiting mechanism during normal human placentation and unravel a link between excessive polyploidization and reduced senescence in CHM. AU - Velicky, Philipp AU - Meinhardt, Gudrun AU - Plessl, Kerstin AU - Vondra, Sigrid AU - Weiss, Tamara AU - Haslinger, Peter AU - Lendl, Thomas AU - Aumayr, Karin AU - Mairhofer, Mario AU - Zhu, Xiaowei AU - Schütz, Birgit AU - Hannibal, Roberta L. AU - Lindau, Robert AU - Weil, Beatrix AU - Ernerudh, Jan AU - Neesen, Jürgen AU - Egger, Gerda AU - Mikula, Mario AU - Röhrl, Clemens AU - Urban, Alexander E. AU - Baker, Julie AU - Knöfler, Martin AU - Pollheimer, Jürgen ID - 5998 IS - 10 JF - PLOS Genetics SN - 1553-7404 TI - Genome amplification and cellular senescence are hallmarks of human placenta development VL - 14 ER -