[{"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by grants of the European Research Council (ERC CoG 724373) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) to M.S. We thank the scientific support units at IST Austria for excellent technical support.\r\nWe thank the scientific support units at IST Austria for excellent technical support. ","page":"1074 - 1077","date_published":"2018-02-13T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1002/eji.201747358","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:28Z","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"year":"2018","day":"13","publication":"European Journal of Immunology","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Cellular navigation along spatial gradients","grant_number":"724373"}],"publist_id":"7386","author":[{"full_name":"Leithner, Alexander F","orcid":"0000-0002-1073-744X","last_name":"Leithner","first_name":"Alexander F","id":"3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jörg","orcid":"0000-0003-2856-3369","full_name":"Renkawitz, Jörg","last_name":"Renkawitz"},{"id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","last_name":"De Vries"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Hans","full_name":"Haecker, Hans","last_name":"Haecker"},{"first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sixt","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","external_id":{"isi":["000434963700016"]},"title":"Fast and efficient genetic engineering of hematopoietic precursor cells for the study of dendritic cell migration","citation":{"chicago":"Leithner, Alexander F, Jörg Renkawitz, Ingrid de Vries, Robert Hauschild, Hans Haecker, and Michael K Sixt. “Fast and Efficient Genetic Engineering of Hematopoietic Precursor Cells for the Study of Dendritic Cell Migration.” European Journal of Immunology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201747358.","ista":"Leithner AF, Renkawitz J, de Vries I, Hauschild R, Haecker H, Sixt MK. 2018. Fast and efficient genetic engineering of hematopoietic precursor cells for the study of dendritic cell migration. European Journal of Immunology. 48(6), 1074–1077.","mla":"Leithner, Alexander F., et al. “Fast and Efficient Genetic Engineering of Hematopoietic Precursor Cells for the Study of Dendritic Cell Migration.” European Journal of Immunology, vol. 48, no. 6, Wiley-Blackwell, 2018, pp. 1074–77, doi:10.1002/eji.201747358.","ama":"Leithner AF, Renkawitz J, de Vries I, Hauschild R, Haecker H, Sixt MK. Fast and efficient genetic engineering of hematopoietic precursor cells for the study of dendritic cell migration. European Journal of Immunology. 2018;48(6):1074-1077. doi:10.1002/eji.201747358","apa":"Leithner, A. F., Renkawitz, J., de Vries, I., Hauschild, R., Haecker, H., & Sixt, M. K. (2018). Fast and efficient genetic engineering of hematopoietic precursor cells for the study of dendritic cell migration. European Journal of Immunology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201747358","short":"A.F. Leithner, J. Renkawitz, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, H. Haecker, M.K. Sixt, European Journal of Immunology 48 (2018) 1074–1077.","ieee":"A. F. Leithner, J. Renkawitz, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, H. Haecker, and M. K. Sixt, “Fast and efficient genetic engineering of hematopoietic precursor cells for the study of dendritic cell migration,” European Journal of Immunology, vol. 48, no. 6. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1074–1077, 2018."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","scopus_import":"1","month":"02","intvolume":" 48","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the adaptive immune system that reside in peripheral organs of mammals. Upon pathogen encounter, they undergo maturation and up-regulate the chemokine receptor CCR7 that guides them along gradients of its chemokine ligands CCL19 and 21 to the next draining lymph node. There, DCs present peripherally acquired antigen to naïve T cells, thereby triggering adaptive immunity."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"6","volume":48,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","ec_funded":1,"publication_status":"published","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"9d5b74cd016505aeb9a4c2d33bbedaeb","file_id":"5044","file_size":590106,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:27Z","creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2018-1067-v1+2_Leithner_et_al-2018-European_Journal_of_Immunology.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:13:56Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)"},"status":"public","pubrep_id":"1067","_id":"437","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:27Z","date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:01:18Z","ddc":["570"]},{"page":"159 - 171","doi":"10.1111/jeb.13211","date_published":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:31Z","isi":1,"year":"2018","day":"01","publication":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","publisher":"Wiley","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Susann Wicke for performing the genome-wide SNP/indel analyses, as well as Veronica Alves, Kevin Ferro, Momir Futo, Barbara Hasert, Dafne Maximo, Nora Schulz, Marlene Sroka, and Barth Wieczorek for technical help. We thank Brian Lazzaro for the L. lactis strain and Bruno Lemaitre for the Pseudomonas entomophila strain. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We are grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) priority programme 1399 ‘Host parasite coevolution’ for funding this project (AR 872/1-1). ","author":[{"last_name":"Kutzer","orcid":"0000-0002-8696-6978","full_name":"Kutzer, Megan","first_name":"Megan","id":"29D0B332-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Kurtz, Joachim","last_name":"Kurtz","first_name":"Joachim"},{"last_name":"Armitage","full_name":"Armitage, Sophie","first_name":"Sophie"}],"publist_id":"7187","external_id":{"isi":["000419307000014"],"pmid":["29150962"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance","citation":{"chicago":"Kutzer, Megan, Joachim Kurtz, and Sophie Armitage. “Genotype and Diet Affect Resistance, Survival, and Fecundity but Not Fecundity Tolerance.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211.","ista":"Kutzer M, Kurtz J, Armitage S. 2018. Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 31(1), 159–171.","mla":"Kutzer, Megan, et al. “Genotype and Diet Affect Resistance, Survival, and Fecundity but Not Fecundity Tolerance.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 31, no. 1, Wiley, 2018, pp. 159–71, doi:10.1111/jeb.13211.","short":"M. Kutzer, J. Kurtz, S. Armitage, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31 (2018) 159–171.","ieee":"M. Kutzer, J. Kurtz, and S. Armitage, “Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 31, no. 1. Wiley, pp. 159–171, 2018.","ama":"Kutzer M, Kurtz J, Armitage S. Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2018;31(1):159-171. doi:10.1111/jeb.13211","apa":"Kutzer, M., Kurtz, J., & Armitage, S. (2018). Genotype and diet affect resistance, survival, and fecundity but not fecundity tolerance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211"},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","volume":31,"issue":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1420-9101"],"issn":["1010-061X"]},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13211"}],"month":"01","intvolume":" 31","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Insects are exposed to a variety of potential pathogens in their environment, many of which can severely impact fitness and health. Consequently, hosts have evolved resistance and tolerance strategies to suppress or cope with infections. Hosts utilizing resistance improve fitness by clearing or reducing pathogen loads, and hosts utilizing tolerance reduce harmful fitness effects per pathogen load. To understand variation in, and selective pressures on, resistance and tolerance, we asked to what degree they are shaped by host genetic background, whether plasticity in these responses depends upon dietary environment, and whether there are interactions between these two factors. Females from ten wild-type Drosophila melanogaster genotypes were kept on high- or low-protein (yeast) diets and infected with one of two opportunistic bacterial pathogens, Lactococcus lactis or Pseudomonas entomophila. We measured host resistance as the inverse of bacterial load in the early infection phase. The relationship (slope) between fly fecundity and individual-level bacteria load provided our fecundity tolerance measure. Genotype and dietary yeast determined host fecundity and strongly affected survival after infection with pathogenic P. entomophila. There was considerable genetic variation in host resistance, a commonly found phenomenon resulting from for example varying resistance costs or frequency-dependent selection. Despite this variation and the reproductive cost of higher P. entomophila loads, fecundity tolerance did not vary across genotypes. The absence of genetic variation in tolerance may suggest that at this early infection stage, fecundity tolerance is fixed or that any evolved tolerance mechanisms are not expressed under these infection conditions."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:06:04Z","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"617"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Despite the remarkable number of scientific breakthroughs of the last 100 years, the treatment of neurodevelopmental\r\ndisorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability) remains a great challenge. Recent advancements in\r\ngenomics, such as whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, have enabled scientists to identify numerous\r\nmutations underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the few hundred risk genes that have been discovered,\r\nthe etiological variability and the heterogeneous clinical presentation, the need for genotype — along with phenotype-\r\nbased diagnosis of individual patients has become a requisite. In this review we look at recent advancements in\r\ngenomic analysis and their translation into clinical practice."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 50","month":"08","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2092-6413"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5893","checksum":"4498301c8c53097c9a1a8ef990936eb5","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:13Z","file_size":1237482,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2019-01-28T15:18:02Z","file_name":"2018_EMM_Tarlungeanu.pdf"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","issue":"8","volume":50,"_id":"5888","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:04:41Z","ddc":["570"],"department":[{"_id":"GaNo"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:13Z","oa":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2018","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Experimental & Molecular Medicine","day":"07","date_created":"2019-01-27T22:59:11Z","date_published":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1038/s12276-018-0129-7","article_number":"100","citation":{"ieee":"D.-C. Tarlungeanu and G. Novarino, “Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine,” Experimental & Molecular Medicine, vol. 50, no. 8. Springer Nature, 2018.","short":"D.-C. Tarlungeanu, G. Novarino, Experimental & Molecular Medicine 50 (2018).","apa":"Tarlungeanu, D.-C., & Novarino, G. (2018). Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine. Experimental & Molecular Medicine. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-018-0129-7","ama":"Tarlungeanu D-C, Novarino G. Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine. Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 2018;50(8). doi:10.1038/s12276-018-0129-7","mla":"Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara, and Gaia Novarino. “Genomics in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: An Avenue to Personalized Medicine.” Experimental & Molecular Medicine, vol. 50, no. 8, 100, Springer Nature, 2018, doi:10.1038/s12276-018-0129-7.","ista":"Tarlungeanu D-C, Novarino G. 2018. Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine. Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 50(8), 100.","chicago":"Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara, and Gaia Novarino. “Genomics in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: An Avenue to Personalized Medicine.” Experimental & Molecular Medicine. Springer Nature, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-018-0129-7."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"isi":["000441266700006"],"pmid":["30089840"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Tarlungeanu","full_name":"Tarlungeanu, Dora-Clara","first_name":"Dora-Clara","id":"2ABCE612-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Novarino","full_name":"Novarino, Gaia","orcid":"0000-0002-7673-7178","first_name":"Gaia","id":"3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"title":"Genomics in neurodevelopmental disorders: an avenue to personalized medicine"},{"publication_status":"published","file":[{"file_size":551996,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:55Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2018_LettMathPhys_Lundholm.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-17T12:14:17Z","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"5698","checksum":"8beb9632fa41bbd19452f55f31286a31"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"11","volume":108,"ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We prove upper and lower bounds on the ground-state energy of the ideal two-dimensional anyon gas. Our bounds are extensive in the particle number, as for fermions, and linear in the statistics parameter (Formula presented.). The lower bounds extend to Lieb–Thirring inequalities for all anyons except bosons."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","month":"05","intvolume":" 108","date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:01:57Z","ddc":["510"],"department":[{"_id":"RoSe"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:55Z","_id":"295","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"status":"public","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2018","day":"11","publication":"Letters in Mathematical Physics","page":"2523-2541","date_published":"2018-05-11T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1007/s11005-018-1091-y","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:40Z","acknowledgement":"Financial support from the Swedish Research Council, grant no. 2013-4734 (D. L.), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694227, R. S.), and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project Nr. P 27533-N27 (R. S.), is gratefully acknowledged.","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer","oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Lundholm, Douglas, and Robert Seiringer. “Fermionic Behavior of Ideal Anyons.” Letters in Mathematical Physics, vol. 108, no. 11, Springer, 2018, pp. 2523–41, doi:10.1007/s11005-018-1091-y.","short":"D. Lundholm, R. Seiringer, Letters in Mathematical Physics 108 (2018) 2523–2541.","ieee":"D. Lundholm and R. Seiringer, “Fermionic behavior of ideal anyons,” Letters in Mathematical Physics, vol. 108, no. 11. Springer, pp. 2523–2541, 2018.","apa":"Lundholm, D., & Seiringer, R. (2018). Fermionic behavior of ideal anyons. Letters in Mathematical Physics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-018-1091-y","ama":"Lundholm D, Seiringer R. Fermionic behavior of ideal anyons. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 2018;108(11):2523-2541. doi:10.1007/s11005-018-1091-y","chicago":"Lundholm, Douglas, and Robert Seiringer. “Fermionic Behavior of Ideal Anyons.” Letters in Mathematical Physics. Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-018-1091-y.","ista":"Lundholm D, Seiringer R. 2018. Fermionic behavior of ideal anyons. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 108(11), 2523–2541."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","author":[{"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Lundholm","full_name":"Lundholm, Douglas"},{"last_name":"Seiringer","orcid":"0000-0002-6781-0521","full_name":"Seiringer, Robert","first_name":"Robert","id":"4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publist_id":"7586","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"isi":["000446491500008"],"arxiv":["1712.06218"]},"title":"Fermionic behavior of ideal anyons","project":[{"name":"Analysis of quantum many-body systems","grant_number":"694227","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25C6DC12-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25C878CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Structure of the Excitation Spectrum for Many-Body Quantum Systems","grant_number":"P27533_N27"}]},{"title":"Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets?","publist_id":"7259","author":[{"full_name":"Richter, Ralf","last_name":"Richter","first_name":"Ralf"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-3086-9124","full_name":"Baranova, Natalia","last_name":"Baranova","first_name":"Natalia","id":"38661662-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Day","full_name":"Day, Anthony"},{"first_name":"Jessica","full_name":"Kwok, Jessica","last_name":"Kwok"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000443661300011"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"mla":"Richter, Ralf, et al. “Glycosaminoglycans in Extracellular Matrix Organisation: Are Concepts from Soft Matter Physics Key to Understanding the Formation of Perineuronal Nets?” Current Opinion in Structural Biology, vol. 50, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 65–74, doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002.","short":"R. Richter, N.S. Baranova, A. Day, J. Kwok, Current Opinion in Structural Biology 50 (2018) 65–74.","ieee":"R. Richter, N. S. Baranova, A. Day, and J. Kwok, “Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets?,” Current Opinion in Structural Biology, vol. 50. Elsevier, pp. 65–74, 2018.","ama":"Richter R, Baranova NS, Day A, Kwok J. Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets? Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 2018;50:65-74. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002","apa":"Richter, R., Baranova, N. S., Day, A., & Kwok, J. (2018). Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets? Current Opinion in Structural Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002","chicago":"Richter, Ralf, Natalia S. Baranova, Anthony Day, and Jessica Kwok. “Glycosaminoglycans in Extracellular Matrix Organisation: Are Concepts from Soft Matter Physics Key to Understanding the Formation of Perineuronal Nets?” Current Opinion in Structural Biology. Elsevier, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002.","ista":"Richter R, Baranova NS, Day A, Kwok J. 2018. Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix organisation: Are concepts from soft matter physics key to understanding the formation of perineuronal nets? Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 50, 65–74."},"date_published":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.002","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:09Z","page":"65 - 74","day":"01","publication":"Current Opinion in Structural Biology","isi":1,"year":"2018","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Elsevier","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council [Starting Grant 306435 ‘JELLY’; to RPR], the Spanish Ministry of Competitiveness and Innovation [MAT2014-54867-R, to RPR], the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine — Innovation in Medical and Biological Engineering [EP/L014823/1, to JCFK], the Royal Society [RG160410, to JCFK], Wings for Life [WFL-UK-008/15, to JCFK] and the European Union, the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education in the framework of the project ‘Centre of Reconstructive Neuroscience’ [CZ.02.1.01/0.0./0.0/15_003/0000419, to JCFK]. AJD would like to thank Arthritis Research UK [16539, 19489] and the MRC [76445, G0900538] for funding his work on GAG–protein interactions.\r\n","department":[{"_id":"MaLo"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:07:03Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","_id":"555","volume":50,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","month":"06","intvolume":" 50","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/125524/","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"text":"Conventional wisdom has it that proteins fold and assemble into definite structures, and that this defines their function. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are different. In most cases the structures they form have a low degree of order, even when interacting with proteins. Here, we discuss how physical features common to all GAGs — hydrophilicity, charge, linearity and semi-flexibility — underpin the overall properties of GAG-rich matrices. By integrating soft matter physics concepts (e.g. polymer brushes and phase separation) with our molecular understanding of GAG–protein interactions, we can better comprehend how GAG-rich matrices assemble, what their properties are, and how they function. Taking perineuronal nets (PNNs) — a GAG-rich matrix enveloping neurons — as a relevant example, we propose that microphase separation determines the holey PNN anatomy that is pivotal to PNN functions.","lang":"eng"}]}]