--- _id: '7405' abstract: - lang: eng text: Biophysical modeling of neuronal networks helps to integrate and interpret rapidly growing and disparate experimental datasets at multiple scales. The NetPyNE tool (www.netpyne.org) provides both programmatic and graphical interfaces to develop data-driven multiscale network models in NEURON. NetPyNE clearly separates model parameters from implementation code. Users provide specifications at a high level via a standardized declarative language, for example connectivity rules, to create millions of cell-to-cell connections. NetPyNE then enables users to generate the NEURON network, run efficiently parallelized simulations, optimize and explore network parameters through automated batch runs, and use built-in functions for visualization and analysis – connectivity matrices, voltage traces, spike raster plots, local field potentials, and information theoretic measures. NetPyNE also facilitates model sharing by exporting and importing standardized formats (NeuroML and SONATA). NetPyNE is already being used to teach computational neuroscience students and by modelers to investigate brain regions and phenomena. article_number: e44494 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Salvador full_name: Dura-Bernal, Salvador last_name: Dura-Bernal - first_name: Benjamin full_name: Suter, Benjamin id: 4952F31E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Suter orcid: 0000-0002-9885-6936 - first_name: Padraig full_name: Gleeson, Padraig last_name: Gleeson - first_name: Matteo full_name: Cantarelli, Matteo last_name: Cantarelli - first_name: Adrian full_name: Quintana, Adrian last_name: Quintana - first_name: Facundo full_name: Rodriguez, Facundo last_name: Rodriguez - first_name: David J full_name: Kedziora, David J last_name: Kedziora - first_name: George L full_name: Chadderdon, George L last_name: Chadderdon - first_name: Cliff C full_name: Kerr, Cliff C last_name: Kerr - first_name: Samuel A full_name: Neymotin, Samuel A last_name: Neymotin - first_name: Robert A full_name: McDougal, Robert A last_name: McDougal - first_name: Michael full_name: Hines, Michael last_name: Hines - first_name: Gordon MG full_name: Shepherd, Gordon MG last_name: Shepherd - first_name: William W full_name: Lytton, William W last_name: Lytton citation: ama: Dura-Bernal S, Suter B, Gleeson P, et al. NetPyNE, a tool for data-driven multiscale modeling of brain circuits. eLife. 2019;8. doi:10.7554/elife.44494 apa: Dura-Bernal, S., Suter, B., Gleeson, P., Cantarelli, M., Quintana, A., Rodriguez, F., … Lytton, W. W. (2019). NetPyNE, a tool for data-driven multiscale modeling of brain circuits. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.44494 chicago: Dura-Bernal, Salvador, Benjamin Suter, Padraig Gleeson, Matteo Cantarelli, Adrian Quintana, Facundo Rodriguez, David J Kedziora, et al. “NetPyNE, a Tool for Data-Driven Multiscale Modeling of Brain Circuits.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.44494. ieee: S. Dura-Bernal et al., “NetPyNE, a tool for data-driven multiscale modeling of brain circuits,” eLife, vol. 8. eLife Sciences Publications, 2019. ista: Dura-Bernal S, Suter B, Gleeson P, Cantarelli M, Quintana A, Rodriguez F, Kedziora DJ, Chadderdon GL, Kerr CC, Neymotin SA, McDougal RA, Hines M, Shepherd GM, Lytton WW. 2019. NetPyNE, a tool for data-driven multiscale modeling of brain circuits. eLife. 8, e44494. mla: Dura-Bernal, Salvador, et al. “NetPyNE, a Tool for Data-Driven Multiscale Modeling of Brain Circuits.” ELife, vol. 8, e44494, eLife Sciences Publications, 2019, doi:10.7554/elife.44494. short: S. Dura-Bernal, B. Suter, P. Gleeson, M. Cantarelli, A. Quintana, F. Rodriguez, D.J. Kedziora, G.L. Chadderdon, C.C. Kerr, S.A. Neymotin, R.A. McDougal, M. Hines, G.M. Shepherd, W.W. Lytton, ELife 8 (2019). date_created: 2020-01-30T09:08:01Z date_published: 2019-05-31T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-07T14:27:52Z day: '31' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.7554/elife.44494 external_id: isi: - '000468968400001' pmid: - '31025934' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 7014189c11c10a12feeeae37f054871d content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2020-02-04T08:41:47Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z file_id: '7444' file_name: 2019_eLife_DuraBernal.pdf file_size: 6182359 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:57Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 8' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: eLife publication_identifier: issn: - 2050-084X publication_status: published publisher: eLife Sciences Publications quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: NetPyNE, a tool for data-driven multiscale modeling of brain circuits tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 8 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '11222' acknowledgement: This work was supported by the ERC and EU Horizon 2020 (ERC 692692; MSC-IF 708497) and FWF Z 312-B27 Wittgenstein award; W 1205-B09). article_number: A3.27 article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Olena full_name: Kim, Olena id: 3F8ABDDA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Kim - first_name: Carolina full_name: Borges Merjane, Carolina id: 4305C450-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Borges Merjane orcid: 0000-0003-0005-401X - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Kim O, Borges Merjane C, Jonas PM. Functional analysis of the docked vesicle pool in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals by electron microscopy. In: Intrinsic Activity. Vol 7. Austrian Pharmacological Society; 2019. doi:10.25006/ia.7.s1-a3.27' apa: 'Kim, O., Borges Merjane, C., & Jonas, P. M. (2019). Functional analysis of the docked vesicle pool in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals by electron microscopy. In Intrinsic Activity (Vol. 7). Innsbruck, Austria: Austrian Pharmacological Society. https://doi.org/10.25006/ia.7.s1-a3.27' chicago: Kim, Olena, Carolina Borges Merjane, and Peter M Jonas. “Functional Analysis of the Docked Vesicle Pool in Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminals by Electron Microscopy.” In Intrinsic Activity, Vol. 7. Austrian Pharmacological Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.25006/ia.7.s1-a3.27. ieee: O. Kim, C. Borges Merjane, and P. M. Jonas, “Functional analysis of the docked vesicle pool in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals by electron microscopy,” in Intrinsic Activity, Innsbruck, Austria, 2019, vol. 7, no. Suppl. 1. ista: 'Kim O, Borges Merjane C, Jonas PM. 2019. Functional analysis of the docked vesicle pool in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals by electron microscopy. Intrinsic Activity. ANA: Austrian Neuroscience Association ; APHAR: Austrian Pharmacological Society vol. 7, A3.27.' mla: Kim, Olena, et al. “Functional Analysis of the Docked Vesicle Pool in Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Terminals by Electron Microscopy.” Intrinsic Activity, vol. 7, no. Suppl. 1, A3.27, Austrian Pharmacological Society, 2019, doi:10.25006/ia.7.s1-a3.27. short: O. Kim, C. Borges Merjane, P.M. Jonas, in:, Intrinsic Activity, Austrian Pharmacological Society, 2019. conference: end_date: 2019-09-27 location: Innsbruck, Austria name: 'ANA: Austrian Neuroscience Association ; APHAR: Austrian Pharmacological Society' start_date: 2019-09-25 date_created: 2022-04-20T15:06:05Z date_published: 2019-09-11T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-03-27T23:30:07Z day: '11' department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.25006/ia.7.s1-a3.27 ec_funded: 1 intvolume: ' 7' issue: Suppl. 1 keyword: - hippocampus - mossy fibers - readily releasable pool - electron microscopy language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.intrinsicactivity.org/2019/7/S1/A3.27/ month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '692692' name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glumatergic synapse - _id: 25BAF7B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '708497' name: Presynaptic calcium channels distribution and impact on coupling at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse - _id: 25C3DBB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: W01205 name: Zellkommunikation in Gesundheit und Krankheit - _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: Z00312 name: The Wittgenstein Prize publication: Intrinsic Activity publication_identifier: issn: - 2309-8503 publication_status: published publisher: Austrian Pharmacological Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '11196' relation: dissertation_contains status: public status: public title: Functional analysis of the docked vesicle pool in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals by electron microscopy type: conference_abstract user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9 volume: 7 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '6363' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Distinguishing between similar experiences is achieved by the brain \ in a process called pattern separation. In the hippocampus, pattern \ separation reduces the interference of memories and increases the storage capacity by decorrelating similar inputs patterns of neuronal activity into \ non-overlapping output firing patterns. Winners-take-all (WTA) mechanism \ is a theoretical model for pattern separation in which a \"winner\" \ cell suppresses the activity of the neighboring neurons through feedback inhibition. However, if the network properties of the dentate gyrus support WTA as a biologically conceivable model remains unknown. Here, we showed that the connectivity rules of PV+interneurons and their synaptic properties are optimizedfor efficient pattern separation. We found using multiple whole-cell in vitrorecordings that PV+interneurons mainly connect to granule cells (GC) through lateral inhibition, a form of feedback inhibition in which a GC inhibits other GCs but not \ itself through the activation of PV+interneurons. Thus, lateral inhibition between GC–PV+interneurons was ~10 times more abundant than recurrent connections. Furthermore, the GC–PV+interneuron connectivity was more spatially confined \ but less abundant than PV+interneurons–GC connectivity, leading to an \ asymmetrical distribution of excitatory and inhibitory connectivity. Our network model of the dentate gyrus with incorporated real connectivity rules efficiently decorrelates neuronal activity patterns using WTA as the primary mechanism. \ This process relied on lateral inhibition, fast-signaling properties of \ PV+interneurons and the asymmetrical distribution of excitatory and inhibitory connectivity. Finally, we found that silencing the activity of PV+interneurons in vivoleads to acute deficits in discrimination between similar environments, suggesting that PV+interneuron networks are necessary for behavioral relevant computations. Our results demonstrate that PV+interneurons possess unique connectivity and fast signaling properties that confer to the dentate \ gyrus network properties that allow the emergence of pattern separation. Thus, our results contribute to the knowledge of how specific forms of network organization underlie sophisticated types of information processing. \r\n" alternative_title: - ISTA Thesis article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: 'Claudia ' full_name: 'Espinoza Martinez, Claudia ' id: 31FFEE2E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Espinoza Martinez orcid: 0000-0003-4710-2082 citation: ama: Espinoza Martinez C. Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits. 2019. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363 apa: Espinoza Martinez, C. (2019). Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363 chicago: Espinoza Martinez, Claudia . “Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363. ieee: C. Espinoza Martinez, “Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. ista: Espinoza Martinez C. 2019. Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. mla: Espinoza Martinez, Claudia. Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363. short: C. Espinoza Martinez, Parvalbumin+ Interneurons Enable Efficient Pattern Separation in Hippocampal Microcircuits, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. date_created: 2019-04-30T11:56:10Z date_published: 2019-04-30T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-15T12:03:48Z day: '30' ddc: - '570' degree_awarded: PhD department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:6363 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 77c6c05cfe8b58c8abcf1b854375d084 content_type: application/pdf creator: cespinoza date_created: 2019-05-07T16:00:39Z date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z embargo: 2020-05-09 file_id: '6389' file_name: Espinozathesis_all2.pdf file_size: 13966891 relation: main_file - access_level: closed checksum: f6aa819f127691a2b0fc21c76eb09746 content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document creator: cespinoza date_created: 2019-05-07T16:00:48Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:28Z embargo_to: open_access file_id: '6390' file_name: Espinoza_Thesis.docx file_size: 11159900 relation: source_file file_date_updated: 2021-02-11T11:17:15Z has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: '140' publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-3-99078-000-8 issn: - 2663-337X publication_status: published publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria related_material: record: - id: '21' relation: part_of_dissertation status: public status: public supervisor: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 title: Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits type: dissertation user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 year: '2019' ... --- _id: '320' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons (PV+-BCs) express a complex machinery of rapid signaling mechanisms, including specialized voltage-gated ion channels to generate brief action potentials (APs). However, short APs are associated with overlapping Na+ and K+ fluxes and are therefore energetically expensive. How the potentially vicious combination of high AP frequency and inefficient spike generation can be reconciled with limited energy supply is presently unclear. To address this question, we performed direct recordings from the PV+-BC axon, the subcellular structure where active conductances for AP initiation and propagation are located. Surprisingly, the energy required for the AP was, on average, only ∼1.6 times the theoretical minimum. High energy efficiency emerged from the combination of fast inactivation of Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3-type K+ channels, which minimized ion flux overlap during APs. Thus, the complementary tuning of axonal Na+ and K+ channel gating optimizes both fast signaling properties and metabolic efficiency. Hu et al. demonstrate that action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneuron axons are energetically efficient, which is highly unexpected given their brief duration. High energy efficiency emerges from the combination of fast inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3 channels in the axon. ' article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) author: - first_name: Hua full_name: Hu, Hua id: 4AC0145C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hu - first_name: Fabian full_name: Roth, Fabian last_name: Roth - first_name: David H full_name: Vandael, David H id: 3AE48E0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vandael orcid: 0000-0001-7577-1676 - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: Hu H, Roth F, Vandael DH, Jonas PM. Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. 2018;98(1):156-165. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 apa: Hu, H., Roth, F., Vandael, D. H., & Jonas, P. M. (2018). Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 chicago: Hu, Hua, Fabian Roth, David H Vandael, and Peter M Jonas. “Complementary Tuning of Na+ and K+ Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024. ieee: H. Hu, F. Roth, D. H. Vandael, and P. M. Jonas, “Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons,” Neuron, vol. 98, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 156–165, 2018. ista: Hu H, Roth F, Vandael DH, Jonas PM. 2018. Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. 98(1), 156–165. mla: Hu, Hua, et al. “Complementary Tuning of Na+ and K+ Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons.” Neuron, vol. 98, no. 1, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 156–65, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024. short: H. Hu, F. Roth, D.H. Vandael, P.M. Jonas, Neuron 98 (2018) 156–165. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:48Z date_published: 2018-04-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:45:10Z day: '04' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000429192100016' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 76070f3729f9c603e1080d0151aa2b11 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2018-12-17T10:37:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:03Z file_id: '5690' file_name: 2018_Neuron_Hu.pdf file_size: 3180444 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:03Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 98' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 156 - 165 project: - _id: 25C0F108-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FP7 grant_number: '268548' name: Nanophysiology of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons - _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '692692' name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glumatergic synapse - _id: 25C26B1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: P24909-B24 name: Mechanisms of transmitter release at GABAergic synapses - _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: Z00312 name: The Wittgenstein Prize publication: Neuron publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '7545' quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on IST Homepage relation: press_release url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/a-certain-type-of-neurons-is-more-energy-efficient-than-previously-assumed/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 98 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '324' abstract: - lang: eng text: Neuronal networks in the brain consist of two main types of neuron, glutamatergic principal neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Although these interneurons only represent 10–20% of the whole population, they mediate feedback and feedforward inhibition and are involved in the generation of high-frequency network oscillations. A hallmark functional property of GABAergic interneurons, especially of the parvalbumin‑expressing (PV+) subtypes, is the speed of signaling at their output synapse across species and brain regions. Several molecular and subcellular factors may underlie the submillisecond signaling at GABAergic synapses. Such as the selective use of P/Q type Ca2+ channels and the tight coupling between Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ sensors of exocytosis. However, whether the molecular identity of the release sensor contributes to these signaling properties remains unclear. Besides, these interneurons are mainly show depression in response to train of stimuli. How could they keep sufficient release to control the activity of postsynaptic principal neurons during high network activity, is largely elusive. For my Ph.D. work, we firstly examined the Ca2+ sensor of exocytosis at the GABAergic basket cell (BC) to Purkinje cell (PC) synapse in the cerebellum. Immunolabeling suggested that BC terminals selectively expressed synaptotagmin 2 (Syt2), whereas synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) was enriched in excitatory terminals. Genetic elimination of Syt2 reduced action potential-evoked release to ~10% compared to the wild-type control, identifying Syt2 as the major Ca2+ sensor at BC‑PC synapses. Differential adenovirus-mediated rescue revealed Syt2 triggered release with shorter latency and higher temporal precision, and mediated faster vesicle pool replenishment than Syt1. Furthermore, deletion of Syt2 severely reduced and delayed disynaptic inhibition following parallel fiber stimulation. Thus, the selective use of Syt2 as the release sensor at BC–PC synapse ensures fast feedforward inhibition in cerebellar microcircuits. Additionally, we tested the function of another synaptotagmin member, Syt7, for inhibitory synaptic transmission at the BC–PC synapse. Syt7 is thought to be a Ca2+ sensor that mediates asynchronous transmitter release and facilitation at synapses. However, it is strongly expressed in fast-spiking, PV+ GABAergic interneurons and the output synapses of these neurons produce only minimal asynchronous release and show depression rather than facilitation. How could Syt7, a facilitation sensor, contribute to the depressed inhibitory synaptic transmission needs to be further investigated and understood. Our results indicated that at the BC–PC synapse, Syt7 contributes to asynchronous release, pool replenishment and facilitation. In combination, these three effects ensure efficient transmitter release during high‑frequency activity and guarantee frequency independence of inhibition. Taken together, our results confirmed that Syt2, which has the fastest kinetic properties among all synaptotagmin members, is mainly used by the inhibitory BC‑PC synapse for synaptic transmission, contributing to the speed and temporal precision of transmitter release. Furthermore, we showed that Syt7, another highly expressed synaptotagmin member in the output synapses of cerebellar BCs, is used for ensuring efficient inhibitor synaptic transmission during high activity. alternative_title: - ISTA Thesis article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Chong full_name: Chen, Chong id: 3DFD581A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chen citation: ama: Chen C. Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release. 2018. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997 apa: Chen, C. (2018). Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997 chicago: Chen, Chong. “Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Release.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997. ieee: C. Chen, “Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. ista: Chen C. 2018. Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. mla: Chen, Chong. Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Release. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997. short: C. Chen, Synaptotagmins Ensure Speed and Efficiency of Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Release, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2018. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:49Z date_published: 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-27T12:26:03Z day: '01' ddc: - '571' degree_awarded: PhD department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_997 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8e163ae9e927401b9fa7c1b3e6a3631a content_type: application/pdf creator: system date_created: 2018-12-12T10:13:58Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z file_id: '5046' file_name: IST-2018-997-v1+1_Thesis_chong_a.pdf file_size: 8719458 relation: main_file - access_level: closed checksum: f7d7260029a5fbb5c982db61328ade52 content_type: application/octet-stream creator: dernst date_created: 2019-04-05T09:25:26Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z file_id: '6221' file_name: 2018_Thesis_chong_source.pages file_size: 47841940 relation: source_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:04Z has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: '110' publication_identifier: issn: - 2663-337X publication_status: published publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria publist_id: '7541' pubrep_id: '997' related_material: record: - id: '1117' relation: part_of_dissertation status: public - id: '749' relation: part_of_dissertation status: public status: public supervisor: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 title: Synaptotagmins ensure speed and efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: dissertation user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 year: '2018' ...