---
_id: '13062'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'This paper analyzes the conditions for local adaptation in a metapopulation
with infinitely many islands under a model of hard selection, where population
size depends on local fitness. Each island belongs to one of two distinct ecological
niches or habitats. Fitness is influenced by an additive trait which is under
habitat-dependent directional selection. Our analysis is based on the diffusion
approximation and accounts for both genetic drift and demographic stochasticity.
By neglecting linkage disequilibria, it yields the joint distribution of allele
frequencies and population size on each island. We find that under hard selection,
the conditions for local adaptation in a rare habitat are more restrictive for
more polygenic traits: even moderate migration load per locus at very many loci
is sufficient for population sizes to decline. This further reduces the efficacy
of selection at individual loci due to increased drift and because smaller populations
are more prone to swamping due to migration, causing a positive feedback between
increasing maladaptation and declining population sizes. Our analysis also highlights
the importance of demographic stochasticity, which exacerbates the decline in
numbers of maladapted populations, leading to population collapse in the rare
habitat at significantly lower migration than predicted by deterministic arguments.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Eniko
full_name: Szep, Eniko
id: 485BB5A4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Szep
- first_name: Himani
full_name: Sachdeva, Himani
id: 42377A0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sachdeva
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Szep E, Sachdeva H, Barton NH. Supplementary code for: Polygenic local adaptation
in metapopulations: A stochastic eco-evolutionary model. 2021. doi:10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1'
apa: 'Szep, E., Sachdeva, H., & Barton, N. H. (2021). Supplementary code for:
Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: A stochastic eco-evolutionary model.
Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1'
chicago: 'Szep, Eniko, Himani Sachdeva, and Nicholas H Barton. “Supplementary Code
for: Polygenic Local Adaptation in Metapopulations: A Stochastic Eco-Evolutionary
Model.” Dryad, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1.'
ieee: 'E. Szep, H. Sachdeva, and N. H. Barton, “Supplementary code for: Polygenic
local adaptation in metapopulations: A stochastic eco-evolutionary model.” Dryad,
2021.'
ista: 'Szep E, Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2021. Supplementary code for: Polygenic local
adaptation in metapopulations: A stochastic eco-evolutionary model, Dryad, 10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1.'
mla: 'Szep, Eniko, et al. Supplementary Code for: Polygenic Local Adaptation
in Metapopulations: A Stochastic Eco-Evolutionary Model. Dryad, 2021, doi:10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1.'
short: E. Szep, H. Sachdeva, N.H. Barton, (2021).
date_created: 2023-05-23T16:17:02Z
date_published: 2021-03-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T15:44:05Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.5061/DRYAD.8GTHT76P1
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8gtht76p1
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Dryad
related_material:
record:
- id: '9252'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: 'Supplementary code for: Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: A stochastic
eco-evolutionary model'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_0.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
short: CC0 (1.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9383'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A primary roadblock to our understanding of speciation is that it usually
occurs over a timeframe that is too long to study from start to finish. The idea
of a speciation continuum provides something of a solution to this problem; rather
than observing the entire process, we can simply reconstruct it from the multitude
of speciation events that surround us. But what do we really mean when we talk
about the speciation continuum, and can it really help us understand speciation?
We explored these questions using a literature review and online survey of speciation
researchers. Although most researchers were familiar with the concept and thought
it was useful, our survey revealed extensive disagreement about what the speciation
continuum actually tells us. This is due partly to the lack of a clear definition.
Here, we provide an explicit definition that is compatible with the Biological
Species Concept. That is, the speciation continuum is a continuum of reproductive
isolation. After outlining the logic of the definition in light of alternatives,
we explain why attempts to reconstruct the speciation process from present‐day
populations will ultimately fail. We then outline how we think the speciation
continuum concept can continue to act as a foundation for understanding the continuum
of reproductive isolation that surrounds us.
acknowledgement: We thank M. Garlovsky, S. Martin, C. Cooney, C. Roux, J. Larson,
and J. Mallet for critical feedback and for discussion. K. Lohse, M. de la Cámara,
J. Cerca, M. A. Chase, C. Baskett, A. M. Westram, and N. H. Barton gave feedback
on a draft of the manuscript. O. Seehausen, two anonymous reviewers, and the AE
(Michael Kopp) provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. V. Holzmann
made many corrections to the proofs. G. Bisschop and K. Lohse kindly contributed
the simulations and analyses presented in Box 3. We would also like to extend our
thanks to everyone who took part in the speciation survey, which received ethical
approval through the University of Sheffield Ethics Review Procedure (Application
029768). We are especially grateful to R. K. Butlin for stimulating discussion throughout
the writing of the manuscript and for feedback on an earlier draft.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sean
full_name: Stankowski, Sean
id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Ravinet, Mark
last_name: Ravinet
citation:
ama: Stankowski S, Ravinet M. Defining the speciation continuum. Evolution.
2021;75(6):1256-1273. doi:10.1111/evo.14215
apa: Stankowski, S., & Ravinet, M. (2021). Defining the speciation continuum.
Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14215
chicago: Stankowski, Sean, and Mark Ravinet. “Defining the Speciation Continuum.”
Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14215.
ieee: S. Stankowski and M. Ravinet, “Defining the speciation continuum,” Evolution,
vol. 75, no. 6. Oxford University Press, pp. 1256–1273, 2021.
ista: Stankowski S, Ravinet M. 2021. Defining the speciation continuum. Evolution.
75(6), 1256–1273.
mla: Stankowski, Sean, and Mark Ravinet. “Defining the Speciation Continuum.” Evolution,
vol. 75, no. 6, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 1256–73, doi:10.1111/evo.14215.
short: S. Stankowski, M. Ravinet, Evolution 75 (2021) 1256–1273.
date_created: 2021-05-09T22:01:39Z
date_published: 2021-03-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-18T08:16:01Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/evo.14215
external_id:
isi:
- '000647226400001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 96f6ccf15d95a4e9f7c0b27eee570fa6
content_type: application/pdf
creator: kschuh
date_created: 2022-03-25T12:02:04Z
date_updated: 2022-03-25T12:02:04Z
file_id: '10921'
file_name: 2021_Evolution_Stankowski.pdf
file_size: 719991
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-03-25T12:02:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 75'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1256-1273
publication: Evolution
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1558-5646
issn:
- 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Defining the speciation continuum
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 75
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '14984'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Hybrid zones are narrow geographic regions where different populations, races
or interbreeding species meet and mate, producing mixed ‘hybrid’ offspring. They
are relatively common and can be found in a diverse range of organisms and environments.
The study of hybrid zones has played an important role in our understanding of
the origin of species, with hybrid zones having been described as ‘natural laboratories’.
This is because they allow us to study,in situ, the conditions and evolutionary
forces that enable divergent taxa to remain distinct despite some ongoing gene
exchange between them.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sean
full_name: Stankowski, Sean
id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Daria
full_name: Shipilina, Daria
id: 428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shipilina
orcid: 0000-0002-1145-9226
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
citation:
ama: 'Stankowski S, Shipilina D, Westram AM. Hybrid Zones. In: Encyclopedia of
Life Sciences. Vol 2. eLS. Wiley; 2021. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029355'
apa: Stankowski, S., Shipilina, D., & Westram, A. M. (2021). Hybrid Zones. In
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (Vol. 2). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029355
chicago: Stankowski, Sean, Daria Shipilina, and Anja M Westram. “Hybrid Zones.”
In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Vol. 2. ELS. Wiley, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029355.
ieee: S. Stankowski, D. Shipilina, and A. M. Westram, “Hybrid Zones,” in Encyclopedia
of Life Sciences, vol. 2, Wiley, 2021.
ista: 'Stankowski S, Shipilina D, Westram AM. 2021.Hybrid Zones. In: Encyclopedia
of Life Sciences. vol. 2.'
mla: Stankowski, Sean, et al. “Hybrid Zones.” Encyclopedia of Life Sciences,
vol. 2, Wiley, 2021, doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029355.
short: S. Stankowski, D. Shipilina, A.M. Westram, in:, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences,
Wiley, 2021.
date_created: 2024-02-14T12:05:50Z
date_published: 2021-05-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-19T09:54:18Z
day: '28'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0029355
intvolume: ' 2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9780470015902'
isbn:
- '9780470016176'
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
series_title: eLS
status: public
title: Hybrid Zones
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '7651'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The growth of snail shells can be described by simple mathematical rules.
Variation in a few parameters can explain much of the diversity of shell shapes
seen in nature. However, empirical studies of gastropod shell shape variation
typically use geometric morphometric approaches, which do not capture this growth
pattern. We have developed a way to infer a set of developmentally descriptive
shape parameters based on three-dimensional logarithmic helicospiral growth and
using landmarks from two-dimensional shell images as input. We demonstrate the
utility of this approach, and compare it to the geometric morphometric approach,
using a large set of Littorina saxatilis shells in which locally adapted populations
differ in shape. Our method can be modified easily to make it applicable to a
wide range of shell forms, which would allow for investigations of the similarities
and differences between and within many different species of gastropods.
article_number: '20190721'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: J.
full_name: Larsson, J.
last_name: Larsson
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: S.
full_name: Bengmark, S.
last_name: Bengmark
- first_name: T.
full_name: Lundh, T.
last_name: Lundh
- first_name: R. K.
full_name: Butlin, R. K.
last_name: Butlin
citation:
ama: Larsson J, Westram AM, Bengmark S, Lundh T, Butlin RK. A developmentally descriptive
method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells. Journal of The Royal Society
Interface. 2020;17(163). doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
apa: Larsson, J., Westram, A. M., Bengmark, S., Lundh, T., & Butlin, R. K. (2020).
A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells.
Journal of The Royal Society Interface. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
chicago: Larsson, J., Anja M Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, and R. K. Butlin. “A
Developmentally Descriptive Method for Quantifying Shape in Gastropod Shells.”
Journal of The Royal Society Interface. The Royal Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0721.
ieee: J. Larsson, A. M. Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, and R. K. Butlin, “A developmentally
descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells,” Journal of The
Royal Society Interface, vol. 17, no. 163. The Royal Society, 2020.
ista: Larsson J, Westram AM, Bengmark S, Lundh T, Butlin RK. 2020. A developmentally
descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells. Journal of The Royal
Society Interface. 17(163), 20190721.
mla: Larsson, J., et al. “A Developmentally Descriptive Method for Quantifying Shape
in Gastropod Shells.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 17,
no. 163, 20190721, The Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0721.
short: J. Larsson, A.M. Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, R.K. Butlin, Journal of
The Royal Society Interface 17 (2020).
date_created: 2020-04-08T15:19:17Z
date_published: 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:14:41Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 4eb102304402f5c56432516b84df86d6
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-04-14T12:31:16Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:01Z
file_id: '7660'
file_name: 2020_JournRoyalSociety_Larsson.pdf
file_size: 1556190
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:01Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 17'
issue: '163'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of The Royal Society Interface
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1742-5662
issn:
- 1742-5689
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Inversions are chromosomal rearrangements where the order of genes is reversed.
Inversions originate by mutation and can be under positive, negative or balancing
selection. Selective effects result from potential disruptive effects on meiosis,
gene disruption at inversion breakpoints and, importantly, the effects of inversions
as modifiers of recombination rate: Recombination is strongly reduced in individuals
heterozygous for an inversion, allowing for alleles at different loci to be inherited
as a ‘block’. This may lead to a selective advantage whenever it is favourable
to keep certain combinations of alleles associated, for example under local adaptation
with gene flow. Inversions can cover a considerable part of a chromosome and contain
numerous loci under different selection pressures, so that the resulting overall
effects may be complex. Empirical data from various systems show that inversions
may have a prominent role in local adaptation, speciation, parallel evolution,
the maintenance of polymorphism and sex chromosome evolution.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: Rui
full_name: Faria, Rui
last_name: Faria
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Butlin, Roger
last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
last_name: Johannesson
citation:
ama: 'Westram AM, Faria R, Butlin R, Johannesson K. Inversions and Evolution. In:
ELS. Wiley; 2020. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029007'
apa: Westram, A. M., Faria, R., Butlin, R., & Johannesson, K. (2020). Inversions
and Evolution. In eLS. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029007
chicago: Westram, Anja M, Rui Faria, Roger Butlin, and Kerstin Johannesson. “Inversions
and Evolution.” In ELS. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0029007.
ieee: A. M. Westram, R. Faria, R. Butlin, and K. Johannesson, “Inversions and Evolution,”
in eLS, Wiley, 2020.
ista: 'Westram AM, Faria R, Butlin R, Johannesson K. 2020.Inversions and Evolution.
In: eLS. .'
mla: Westram, Anja M., et al. “Inversions and Evolution.” ELS, Wiley, 2020,
doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0029007.
short: A.M. Westram, R. Faria, R. Butlin, K. Johannesson, in:, ELS, Wiley, 2020.
date_created: 2021-02-15T12:39:04Z
date_published: 2020-05-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-02-15T13:18:16Z
day: '16'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0029007
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: eLS
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9780470016176'
- '9780470015902'
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Inversions and Evolution
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...