---
_id: '11479'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Understanding population divergence that eventually leads to speciation is
essential for evolutionary biology. High species diversity in the sea was regarded
as a paradox when strict allopatry was considered necessary for most speciation
events because geographical barriers seemed largely absent in the sea, and many
marine species have high dispersal capacities. Combining genome-wide data with
demographic modelling to infer the demographic history of divergence has introduced
new ways to address this classical issue. These models assume an ancestral population
that splits into two subpopulations diverging according to different scenarios
that allow tests for periods of gene flow. Models can also test for heterogeneities
in population sizes and migration rates along the genome to account, respectively,
for background selection and selection against introgressed ancestry. To investigate
how barriers to gene flow arise in the sea, we compiled studies modelling the
demographic history of divergence in marine organisms and extracted preferred
demographic scenarios together with estimates of demographic parameters. These
studies show that geographical barriers to gene flow do exist in the sea but that
divergence can also occur without strict isolation. Heterogeneity of gene flow
was detected in most population pairs suggesting the predominance of semipermeable
barriers during divergence. We found a weak positive relationship between the
fraction of the genome experiencing reduced gene flow and levels of genome-wide
differentiation. Furthermore, we found that the upper bound of the ‘grey zone
of speciation’ for our dataset extended beyond that found before, implying that
gene flow between diverging taxa is possible at higher levels of divergence than
previously thought. Finally, we list recommendations for further strengthening
the use of demographic modelling in speciation research. These include a more
balanced representation of taxa, more consistent and comprehensive modelling,
clear reporting of results and simulation studies to rule out nonbiological explanations
for general results.
acknowledgement: 'We greatly thank all the corresponding authors of the studies that
were included in our synthesis for the sharing of additional data: Thomas Broquet,
Dmitry Filatov, Quentin Rougemont, Paolo Momigliano, Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire,
Carlos Prada, Ahmed Souissi, Michael Møller Hansen, Sylvie Lapègue, Joseph Di Battista,
Michael Hellberg and Carlos Prada. RKB and ADJ were supported by the European Research
Council. MR was supported by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant
number 2021-05243; to MR) and Formas (grant number 2019-00882; to KJ and MR), and
by additional grants from the European Research Council (to RKB) and Vetenskapsrådet
(to KJ) through the Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (https://www.gu.se/en/cemeb-marine-evolutionary-biology).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Aurélien
full_name: De Jode, Aurélien
last_name: De Jode
- first_name: Alan
full_name: Le Moan, Alan
last_name: Le Moan
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Rui
full_name: Faria, Rui
last_name: Faria
- first_name: Sean
full_name: Stankowski, Sean
id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: Roger K.
full_name: Butlin, Roger K.
last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Marina
full_name: Rafajlović, Marina
last_name: Rafajlović
- first_name: Christelle
full_name: Fraisse, Christelle
id: 32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fraisse
orcid: 0000-0001-8441-5075
citation:
ama: De Jode A, Le Moan A, Johannesson K, et al. Ten years of demographic modelling
of divergence and speciation in the sea. Evolutionary Applications. 2023;16(2):542-559.
doi:10.1111/eva.13428
apa: De Jode, A., Le Moan, A., Johannesson, K., Faria, R., Stankowski, S., Westram,
A. M., … Fraisse, C. (2023). Ten years of demographic modelling of divergence
and speciation in the sea. Evolutionary Applications. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13428
chicago: De Jode, Aurélien, Alan Le Moan, Kerstin Johannesson, Rui Faria, Sean Stankowski,
Anja M Westram, Roger K. Butlin, Marina Rafajlović, and Christelle Fraisse. “Ten
Years of Demographic Modelling of Divergence and Speciation in the Sea.” Evolutionary
Applications. Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13428.
ieee: A. De Jode et al., “Ten years of demographic modelling of divergence
and speciation in the sea,” Evolutionary Applications, vol. 16, no. 2.
Wiley, pp. 542–559, 2023.
ista: De Jode A, Le Moan A, Johannesson K, Faria R, Stankowski S, Westram AM, Butlin
RK, Rafajlović M, Fraisse C. 2023. Ten years of demographic modelling of divergence
and speciation in the sea. Evolutionary Applications. 16(2), 542–559.
mla: De Jode, Aurélien, et al. “Ten Years of Demographic Modelling of Divergence
and Speciation in the Sea.” Evolutionary Applications, vol. 16, no. 2,
Wiley, 2023, pp. 542–59, doi:10.1111/eva.13428.
short: A. De Jode, A. Le Moan, K. Johannesson, R. Faria, S. Stankowski, A.M. Westram,
R.K. Butlin, M. Rafajlović, C. Fraisse, Evolutionary Applications 16 (2023) 542–559.
date_created: 2022-07-03T22:01:33Z
date_published: 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:25:44Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1111/eva.13428
external_id:
isi:
- '000815663700001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d4d6fa9ddf36643af994a6a757919afb
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-02-27T07:10:17Z
date_updated: 2023-02-27T07:10:17Z
file_id: '12685'
file_name: 2023_EvolutionaryApplications_DeJode.pdf
file_size: 2269822
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-02-27T07:10:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 16'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 542-559
publication: Evolutionary Applications
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1752-4571
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ten years of demographic modelling of divergence and speciation in the sea
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The concept of a “speciation continuum” has gained popularity in recent decades.
It emphasizes speciation as a continuous process that may be studied by comparing
contemporary population pairs that show differing levels of divergence. In their
recent perspective article in Evolution, Stankowski and Ravinet provided a valuable
service by formally defining the speciation continuum as a continuum of reproductive
isolation, based on opinions gathered from a survey of speciation researchers.
While we agree that the speciation continuum has been a useful concept to advance
the understanding of the speciation process, some intrinsic limitations exist.
Here, we advocate for a multivariate extension, the speciation hypercube, first
proposed by Dieckmann et al. in 2004, but rarely used since. We extend the idea
of the speciation cube and suggest it has strong conceptual and practical advantages
over a one-dimensional model. We illustrate how the speciation hypercube can be
used to visualize and compare different speciation trajectories, providing new
insights into the processes and mechanisms of speciation. A key strength of the
speciation hypercube is that it provides a unifying framework for speciation research,
as it allows questions from apparently disparate subfields to be addressed in
a single conceptual model.
acknowledgement: "The authors of this article were supported by LMU Munich (J.B.W.W.),
a James S. McDonnell Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (A.K.H.). P.N. received
funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 770826 EE-Dynamics).\r\nWe
thank participants in the 2019 Gordon Conference on Speciation for the extensive
conversation on this topic. Thanks to Dan Funk for providing permission to use data
from Funk et al. 2006, and for comments on the manuscript."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel I.
full_name: Bolnick, Daniel I.
last_name: Bolnick
- first_name: Amanda K.
full_name: Hund, Amanda K.
last_name: Hund
- first_name: Patrik
full_name: Nosil, Patrik
last_name: Nosil
- first_name: Foen
full_name: Peng, Foen
last_name: Peng
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Ravinet, Mark
last_name: Ravinet
- first_name: Sean
full_name: Stankowski, Sean
id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Swapna
full_name: Subramanian, Swapna
last_name: Subramanian
- first_name: Jochen B.W.
full_name: Wolf, Jochen B.W.
last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Roman
full_name: Yukilevich, Roman
last_name: Yukilevich
citation:
ama: 'Bolnick DI, Hund AK, Nosil P, et al. A multivariate view of the speciation
continuum. Evolution: International journal of organic evolution. 2023;77(1):318-328.
doi:10.1093/evolut/qpac004'
apa: 'Bolnick, D. I., Hund, A. K., Nosil, P., Peng, F., Ravinet, M., Stankowski,
S., … Yukilevich, R. (2023). A multivariate view of the speciation continuum.
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution. Oxford University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004'
chicago: 'Bolnick, Daniel I., Amanda K. Hund, Patrik Nosil, Foen Peng, Mark Ravinet,
Sean Stankowski, Swapna Subramanian, Jochen B.W. Wolf, and Roman Yukilevich. “A
Multivariate View of the Speciation Continuum.” Evolution: International Journal
of Organic Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004.'
ieee: 'D. I. Bolnick et al., “A multivariate view of the speciation continuum,”
Evolution: International journal of organic evolution, vol. 77, no. 1.
Oxford University Press, pp. 318–328, 2023.'
ista: 'Bolnick DI, Hund AK, Nosil P, Peng F, Ravinet M, Stankowski S, Subramanian
S, Wolf JBW, Yukilevich R. 2023. A multivariate view of the speciation continuum.
Evolution: International journal of organic evolution. 77(1), 318–328.'
mla: 'Bolnick, Daniel I., et al. “A Multivariate View of the Speciation Continuum.”
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, vol. 77, no. 1,
Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 318–28, doi:10.1093/evolut/qpac004.'
short: 'D.I. Bolnick, A.K. Hund, P. Nosil, F. Peng, M. Ravinet, S. Stankowski, S.
Subramanian, J.B.W. Wolf, R. Yukilevich, Evolution: International Journal of Organic
Evolution 77 (2023) 318–328.'
date_created: 2023-02-05T23:00:59Z
date_published: 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-01T12:58:30Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpac004
external_id:
isi:
- '001021686300024'
pmid:
- '36622661'
intvolume: ' 77'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 318-328
pmid: 1
publication: 'Evolution: International journal of organic evolution'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1558-5646
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A multivariate view of the speciation continuum
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 77
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12159'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype-based
inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure
of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information
on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features
of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing
the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases
of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed
by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring
haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate
how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While
the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply
these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding
features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying
the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and
linked-read sequencing technologies.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the Barton group for useful discussion and feedback during
the writing of this article. Comments from Roger Butlin, Molly Schumer''s Group,
the tskit development team, editors and three reviewers greatly improved the manuscript.
Funding was provided by SCAS (Natural Sciences Programme, Knut and Alice Wallenberg
Foundation), an FWF Wittgenstein grant (PT1001Z211), an FWF standalone grant (grant
P 32166), and an ERC Advanced Grant. YFC was supported by the Max Planck Society
and an ERC Proof of Concept Grant #101069216 (HAPLOTAGGING).'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daria
full_name: Shipilina, Daria
id: 428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shipilina
orcid: 0000-0002-1145-9226
- first_name: Arka
full_name: Pal, Arka
id: 6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425
last_name: Pal
orcid: 0000-0002-4530-8469
- first_name: Sean
full_name: Stankowski, Sean
id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Yingguang Frank
full_name: Chan, Yingguang Frank
last_name: Chan
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. On the origin and structure
of haplotype blocks. Molecular Ecology. 2023;32(6):1441-1457. doi:10.1111/mec.16793
apa: Shipilina, D., Pal, A., Stankowski, S., Chan, Y. F., & Barton, N. H. (2023).
On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. Molecular Ecology. Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793
chicago: Shipilina, Daria, Arka Pal, Sean Stankowski, Yingguang Frank Chan, and
Nicholas H Barton. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.” Molecular
Ecology. Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793.
ieee: D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y. F. Chan, and N. H. Barton, “On the
origin and structure of haplotype blocks,” Molecular Ecology, vol. 32,
no. 6. Wiley, pp. 1441–1457, 2023.
ista: Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. 2023. On the origin
and structure of haplotype blocks. Molecular Ecology. 32(6), 1441–1457.
mla: Shipilina, Daria, et al. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.”
Molecular Ecology, vol. 32, no. 6, Wiley, 2023, pp. 1441–57, doi:10.1111/mec.16793.
short: D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y.F. Chan, N.H. Barton, Molecular Ecology
32 (2023) 1441–1457.
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:09:17Z
date_published: 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:18:47Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/mec.16793
external_id:
isi:
- '000900762000001'
pmid:
- '36433653'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: b10e0f8fa3dc4d72aaf77a557200978a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-08-16T08:15:41Z
date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:15:41Z
file_id: '14062'
file_name: 2023_MolecularEcology_Shipilina.pdf
file_size: 7144607
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:15:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 32'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Genetics
- Ecology
- Evolution
- Behavior and Systematics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1441-1457
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
grant_number: P32166
name: The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z211
name: The Wittgenstein Prize
- _id: bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00
grant_number: '101055327'
name: Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes
publication: Molecular Ecology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-294X
issn:
- 0962-1083
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 32
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '14452'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The classical infinitesimal model is a simple and robust model for the inheritance
of quantitative traits. In this model, a quantitative trait is expressed as the
sum of a genetic and an environmental component, and the genetic component of
offspring traits within a family follows a normal distribution around the average
of the parents’ trait values, and has a variance that is independent of the parental
traits. In previous work, we showed that when trait values are determined by the
sum of a large number of additive Mendelian factors, each of small effect, one
can justify the infinitesimal model as a limit of Mendelian inheritance. In this
paper, we show that this result extends to include dominance. We define the model
in terms of classical quantities of quantitative genetics, before justifying it
as a limit of Mendelian inheritance as the number, M, of underlying loci tends
to infinity. As in the additive case, the multivariate normal distribution of
trait values across the pedigree can be expressed in terms of variance components
in an ancestral population and probabilities of identity by descent determined
by the pedigree. Now, with just first-order dominance effects, we require two-,
three-, and four-way identities. We also show that, even if we condition on parental
trait values, the “shared” and “residual” components of trait values within each
family will be asymptotically normally distributed as the number of loci tends
to infinity, with an error of order 1/M−−√. We illustrate our results with some
numerical examples.
acknowledgement: NHB was supported in part by ERC Grants 250152 and 101055327. AV
was partly supported by the chaire Modélisation Mathématique et Biodiversité of
Veolia Environment—Ecole Polytechnique—Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle—Fondation
X.
article_number: iyad133
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Alison M.
full_name: Etheridge, Alison M.
last_name: Etheridge
- first_name: Amandine
full_name: Véber, Amandine
last_name: Véber
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. The infinitesimal model with dominance. Genetics.
2023;225(2). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad133
apa: Barton, N. H., Etheridge, A. M., & Véber, A. (2023). The infinitesimal
model with dominance. Genetics. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, Alison M. Etheridge, and Amandine Véber. “The Infinitesimal
Model with Dominance.” Genetics. Oxford Academic, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad133.
ieee: N. H. Barton, A. M. Etheridge, and A. Véber, “The infinitesimal model with
dominance,” Genetics, vol. 225, no. 2. Oxford Academic, 2023.
ista: Barton NH, Etheridge AM, Véber A. 2023. The infinitesimal model with dominance.
Genetics. 225(2), iyad133.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” Genetics,
vol. 225, no. 2, iyad133, Oxford Academic, 2023, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad133.
short: N.H. Barton, A.M. Etheridge, A. Véber, Genetics 225 (2023).
date_created: 2023-10-29T23:01:15Z
date_published: 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-30T13:04:11Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyad133
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2211.03515'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3f65b1fbe813e2f4dbb5d2b5e891844a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-10-30T12:57:53Z
date_updated: 2023-10-30T12:57:53Z
file_id: '14469'
file_name: 2023_Genetics_Barton.pdf
file_size: 1439032
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-10-30T12:57:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 225'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '250152'
name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
- _id: bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00
grant_number: '101055327'
name: Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1943-2631
issn:
- 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford Academic
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '12949'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The infinitesimal model with dominance
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 225
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12949'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The classical infinitesimal model is a simple and robust model for the inheritance
of quantitative traits. In this model, a quantitative trait is expressed as the
sum of a genetic and a non-genetic (environmental) component and the genetic component
of offspring traits within a family follows a normal distribution around the average
of the parents’ trait values, and has a variance that is independent of the trait
values of the parents. Although the trait distribution across the whole population
can be far from normal, the trait distributions within families are normally distributed
with a variance-covariance matrix that is determined entirely by that in the
ancestral population and the probabilities of identity determined by the pedigree.
Moreover, conditioning on some of the trait values within the pedigree has predictable
effects on the mean and variance within and between families. In previous work,
Barton et al. (2017), we showed that when trait values are determined by the sum
of a large number of Mendelian factors, each of small effect, one can justify
the infinitesimal model as limit of Mendelian inheritance. It was also shown that
under some forms of epistasis, trait values within a family are still normally
distributed.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Barton NH. The infinitesimal model with dominance. 2023. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949
apa: Barton, N. H. (2023). The infinitesimal model with dominance. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949.
ieee: N. H. Barton, “The infinitesimal model with dominance.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2023.
ista: Barton NH. 2023. The infinitesimal model with dominance, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H. The Infinitesimal Model with Dominance. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12949.
short: N.H. Barton, (2023).
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day: '13'
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keyword:
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month: '05'
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name: Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes
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title: The infinitesimal model with dominance
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...