[{"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"The role of natural selection in the evolution of adaptive phenotypes has undergone constant probing by evolutionary biologists, employing both theoretical and empirical approaches. As Darwin noted, natural selection can act together with other processes, including random changes in the frequencies of phenotypic differences that are not under strong selection, and changes in the environment, which may reflect evolutionary changes in the organisms themselves. As understanding of genetics developed after 1900, the new genetic discoveries were incorporated into evolutionary biology. The resulting general principles were summarized by Julian Huxley in his 1942 book Evolution: the modern synthesis. Here, we examine how recent advances in genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology, including epigenetics, relate to today's understanding of the evolution of adaptations. We illustrate how careful genetic studies have repeatedly shown that apparently puzzling results in a wide diversity of organisms involve processes that are consistent with neo-Darwinism. They do not support important roles in adaptation for processes such as directed mutation or the inheritance of acquired characters, and therefore no radical revision of our understanding of the mechanism of adaptive evolution is needed.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1855","_id":"953","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","title":"The sources of adaptive evolution","status":"public","intvolume":" 284","oa_version":"Submitted Version","scopus_import":"1","day":"31","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences","citation":{"ista":"Charlesworth D, Barton NH, Charlesworth B. 2017. The sources of adaptive evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 284(1855), 20162864.","apa":"Charlesworth, D., Barton, N. H., & Charlesworth, B. (2017). The sources of adaptive evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864","ieee":"D. Charlesworth, N. H. Barton, and B. Charlesworth, “The sources of adaptive evolution,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 284, no. 1855. Royal Society, The, 2017.","ama":"Charlesworth D, Barton NH, Charlesworth B. The sources of adaptive evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 2017;284(1855). doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.2864","chicago":"Charlesworth, Deborah, Nicholas H Barton, and Brian Charlesworth. “The Sources of Adaptive Evolution.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. Royal Society, The, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864.","mla":"Charlesworth, Deborah, et al. “The Sources of Adaptive Evolution.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, vol. 284, no. 1855, 20162864, Royal Society, The, 2017, doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.2864.","short":"D. Charlesworth, N.H. Barton, B. Charlesworth, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 284 (2017)."},"date_published":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","article_number":"20162864","publist_id":"6462","year":"2017","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Royal Society, The","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Deborah","last_name":"Charlesworth","full_name":"Charlesworth, Deborah"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Charlesworth, Brian","last_name":"Charlesworth","first_name":"Brian"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:01:48Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:23Z","volume":284,"month":"05","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454256/","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000405148800021"],"pmid":["28566483"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"doi":"10.1098/rspb.2016.2864","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["00405809"]},"month":"06","external_id":{"pmid":["28411063"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publist_id":"6463","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","pmid":1,"year":"2017","publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Turelli","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Turelli, Michael"},{"last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"volume":115,"date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:02:21Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:22Z","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","citation":{"ama":"Turelli M, Barton NH. Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. Theoretical Population Biology. 2017;115:45-60. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003","ista":"Turelli M, Barton NH. 2017. Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. Theoretical Population Biology. 115, 45–60.","ieee":"M. Turelli and N. H. Barton, “Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti,” Theoretical Population Biology, vol. 115. Elsevier, pp. 45–60, 2017.","apa":"Turelli, M., & Barton, N. H. (2017). Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. Theoretical Population Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003","mla":"Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Deploying Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia: Robust Models Predict Slow but Effective Spatial Spread in Aedes Aegypti.” Theoretical Population Biology, vol. 115, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 45–60, doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003.","short":"M. Turelli, N.H. Barton, Theoretical Population Biology 115 (2017) 45–60.","chicago":"Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H Barton. “Deploying Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia: Robust Models Predict Slow but Effective Spatial Spread in Aedes Aegypti.” Theoretical Population Biology. Elsevier, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003."},"publication":"Theoretical Population Biology","page":"45 - 60","date_published":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"A novel strategy for controlling the spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya is to transform mosquito populations with virus-suppressing Wolbachia. In general, Wolbachia transinfected into mosquitoes induce fitness costs through lower viability or fecundity. These maternally inherited bacteria also produce a frequency-dependent advantage for infected females by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which kills the embryos produced by uninfected females mated to infected males. These competing effects, a frequency-dependent advantage and frequency-independent costs, produce bistable Wolbachia frequency dynamics. Above a threshold frequency, denoted pˆ, CI drives fitness-decreasing Wolbachia transinfections through local populations; but below pˆ, infection frequencies tend to decline to zero. If pˆ is not too high, CI also drives spatial spread once infections become established over sufficiently large areas. We illustrate how simple models provide testable predictions concerning the spatial and temporal dynamics of Wolbachia introductions, focusing on rate of spatial spread, the shape of spreading waves, and the conditions for initiating spread from local introductions. First, we consider the robustness of diffusion-based predictions to incorporating two important features of wMel-Aedes aegypti biology that may be inconsistent with the diffusion approximations, namely fast local dynamics induced by complete CI (i.e., all embryos produced from incompatible crosses die) and long-tailed, non-Gaussian dispersal. With complete CI, our numerical analyses show that long-tailed dispersal changes wave-width predictions only slightly; but it can significantly reduce wave speed relative to the diffusion prediction; it also allows smaller local introductions to initiate spatial spread. Second, we use approximations for pˆ and dispersal distances to predict the outcome of 2013 releases of wMel-infected Aedes aegypti in Cairns, Australia, Third, we describe new data from Ae. aegypti populations near Cairns, Australia that demonstrate long-distance dispersal and provide an approximate lower bound on pˆ for wMel in northeastern Australia. Finally, we apply our analyses to produce operational guidelines for efficient transformation of vector populations over large areas. We demonstrate that even very slow spatial spread, on the order of 10-20 m/month (as predicted), can produce area-wide population transformation within a few years following initial releases covering about 20-30% of the target area.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"952","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","intvolume":" 115","title":"Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti","status":"public","ddc":["576"],"pubrep_id":"972","file":[{"checksum":"9aeff86fa7de69f7a15cf4fc60d57d01","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","date_created":"2019-04-17T06:39:45Z","file_id":"6327","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2073856,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2017_TheoreticalPopulationBio_Turelli.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version"},{"status":"public","title":"Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti","ddc":["576"],"intvolume":" 15","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","_id":"951","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:08:30Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","checksum":"107d290bd1159ec77b734eb2824b01c8","relation":"main_file","file_id":"4691","file_size":5541206,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2017-843-v1+1_journal.pbio.2001894.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"pubrep_id":"843","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Dengue-suppressing Wolbachia strains are promising tools for arbovirus control, particularly as they have the potential to self-spread following local introductions. To test this, we followed the frequency of the transinfected Wolbachia strain wMel through Ae. aegypti in Cairns, Australia, following releases at 3 nonisolated locations within the city in early 2013. Spatial spread was analysed graphically using interpolation and by fitting a statistical model describing the position and width of the wave. For the larger 2 of the 3 releases (covering 0.97 km2 and 0.52 km2), we observed slow but steady spatial spread, at about 100–200 m per year, roughly consistent with theoretical predictions. In contrast, the smallest release (0.11 km2) produced erratic temporal and spatial dynamics, with little evidence of spread after 2 years. This is consistent with the prediction concerning fitness-decreasing Wolbachia transinfections that a minimum release area is needed to achieve stable local establishment and spread in continuous habitats. Our graphical and likelihood analyses produced broadly consistent estimates of wave speed and wave width. Spread at all sites was spatially heterogeneous, suggesting that environmental heterogeneity will affect large-scale Wolbachia transformations of urban mosquito populations. The persistence and spread of Wolbachia in release areas meeting minimum area requirements indicates the promise of successful large-scale population transfo","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"5","publication":"PLoS Biology","citation":{"ista":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, Turley A, Montgomery B, Iturbe Ormaetxe I, Cook P, Ryan P, Ritchie S, Hoffmann A, O’Neill S, Turelli M. 2017. Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. PLoS Biology. 15(5), e2001894.","apa":"Schmidt, T., Barton, N. H., Rasic, G., Turley, A., Montgomery, B., Iturbe Ormaetxe, I., … Turelli, M. (2017). Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894","ieee":"T. Schmidt et al., “Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti,” PLoS Biology, vol. 15, no. 5. Public Library of Science, 2017.","ama":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, et al. Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. PLoS Biology. 2017;15(5). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894","chicago":"Schmidt, Tom, Nicholas H Barton, Gordana Rasic, Andrew Turley, Brian Montgomery, Inaki Iturbe Ormaetxe, Peter Cook, et al. “Local Introduction and Heterogeneous Spatial Spread of Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia through an Urban Population of Aedes Aegypti.” PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.","mla":"Schmidt, Tom, et al. “Local Introduction and Heterogeneous Spatial Spread of Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia through an Urban Population of Aedes Aegypti.” PLoS Biology, vol. 15, no. 5, e2001894, Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.","short":"T. Schmidt, N.H. Barton, G. Rasic, A. Turley, B. Montgomery, I. Iturbe Ormaetxe, P. Cook, P. Ryan, S. Ritchie, A. Hoffmann, S. O’Neill, M. Turelli, PLoS Biology 15 (2017)."},"date_published":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"30","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Public Library of Science","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"year":"2017","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:22Z","date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:02:52Z","volume":15,"author":[{"last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Schmidt, Tom"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton"},{"full_name":"Rasic, Gordana","first_name":"Gordana","last_name":"Rasic"},{"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Turley","full_name":"Turley, Andrew"},{"full_name":"Montgomery, Brian","first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Montgomery"},{"first_name":"Inaki","last_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe","full_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe, Inaki"},{"full_name":"Cook, Peter","last_name":"Cook","first_name":"Peter"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Ryan","full_name":"Ryan, Peter"},{"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Ritchie","full_name":"Ritchie, Scott"},{"full_name":"Hoffmann, Ary","last_name":"Hoffmann","first_name":"Ary"},{"full_name":"O’Neill, Scott","last_name":"O’Neill","first_name":"Scott"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Turelli","full_name":"Turelli, Michael"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9856","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"9857","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"9858","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"article_number":"e2001894","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","publist_id":"6464","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000402520000012"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894","month":"05","publication_identifier":{"issn":["15449173"]}},{"_id":"9858","year":"2017","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science","status":"public","title":"Excel file with data on mosquito densities, Wolbachia infection status and housing characteristics","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"951","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Schmidt, Tom","last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Tom"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"last_name":"Rasic","first_name":"Gordana","full_name":"Rasic, Gordana"},{"full_name":"Turley, Andrew","last_name":"Turley","first_name":"Andrew"},{"last_name":"Montgomery","first_name":"Brian","full_name":"Montgomery, Brian"},{"full_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe, Inaki","last_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe","first_name":"Inaki"},{"last_name":"Cook","first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Cook, Peter"},{"full_name":"Ryan, Peter","first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Ryan"},{"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Ritchie","full_name":"Ritchie, Scott"},{"last_name":"Hoffmann","first_name":"Ary","full_name":"Hoffmann, Ary"},{"full_name":"O’Neill, Scott","first_name":"Scott","last_name":"O’Neill"},{"full_name":"Turelli, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Turelli"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2021-08-10T07:47:07Z","date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:02:51Z","type":"research_data_reference","citation":{"ama":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, et al. Excel file with data on mosquito densities, Wolbachia infection status and housing characteristics. 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016","ieee":"T. Schmidt et al., “Excel file with data on mosquito densities, Wolbachia infection status and housing characteristics.” Public Library of Science, 2017.","apa":"Schmidt, T., Barton, N. H., Rasic, G., Turley, A., Montgomery, B., Iturbe Ormaetxe, I., … Turelli, M. (2017). Excel file with data on mosquito densities, Wolbachia infection status and housing characteristics. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016","ista":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, Turley A, Montgomery B, Iturbe Ormaetxe I, Cook P, Ryan P, Ritchie S, Hoffmann A, O’Neill S, Turelli M. 2017. Excel file with data on mosquito densities, Wolbachia infection status and housing characteristics, Public Library of Science, 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016.","short":"T. Schmidt, N.H. Barton, G. Rasic, A. Turley, B. Montgomery, I. Iturbe Ormaetxe, P. Cook, P. Ryan, S. Ritchie, A. Hoffmann, S. O’Neill, M. Turelli, (2017).","mla":"Schmidt, Tom, et al. Excel File with Data on Mosquito Densities, Wolbachia Infection Status and Housing Characteristics. Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016.","chicago":"Schmidt, Tom, Nicholas H Barton, Gordana Rasic, Andrew Turley, Brian Montgomery, Inaki Iturbe Ormaetxe, Peter Cook, et al. “Excel File with Data on Mosquito Densities, Wolbachia Infection Status and Housing Characteristics.” Public Library of Science, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016."},"date_published":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s016","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"30","month":"05"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"30","month":"05","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015","date_published":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Schmidt, Tom, Nicholas H Barton, Gordana Rasic, Andrew Turley, Brian Montgomery, Inaki Iturbe Ormaetxe, Peter Cook, et al. “Supporting Information Concerning Observed WMel Frequencies and Analyses of Habitat Variables.” Public Library of Science , 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015.","mla":"Schmidt, Tom, et al. Supporting Information Concerning Observed WMel Frequencies and Analyses of Habitat Variables. Public Library of Science , 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015.","short":"T. Schmidt, N.H. Barton, G. Rasic, A. Turley, B. Montgomery, I. Iturbe Ormaetxe, P. Cook, P. Ryan, S. Ritchie, A. Hoffmann, S. O’Neill, M. Turelli, (2017).","ista":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, Turley A, Montgomery B, Iturbe Ormaetxe I, Cook P, Ryan P, Ritchie S, Hoffmann A, O’Neill S, Turelli M. 2017. Supporting information concerning observed wMel frequencies and analyses of habitat variables, Public Library of Science , 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015.","ieee":"T. Schmidt et al., “Supporting information concerning observed wMel frequencies and analyses of habitat variables.” Public Library of Science , 2017.","apa":"Schmidt, T., Barton, N. H., Rasic, G., Turley, A., Montgomery, B., Iturbe Ormaetxe, I., … Turelli, M. (2017). Supporting information concerning observed wMel frequencies and analyses of habitat variables. Public Library of Science . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015","ama":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, et al. Supporting information concerning observed wMel frequencies and analyses of habitat variables. 2017. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894.s015"},"type":"research_data_reference","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"951","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Schmidt, Tom","first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Schmidt"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Rasic, Gordana","last_name":"Rasic","first_name":"Gordana"},{"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Turley","full_name":"Turley, Andrew"},{"full_name":"Montgomery, Brian","first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Montgomery"},{"full_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe, Inaki","last_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe","first_name":"Inaki"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Cook","full_name":"Cook, Peter"},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Ryan","full_name":"Ryan, Peter"},{"full_name":"Ritchie, Scott","first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Ritchie"},{"first_name":"Ary","last_name":"Hoffmann","full_name":"Hoffmann, Ary"},{"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"O’Neill","full_name":"O’Neill, Scott"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Turelli","full_name":"Turelli, Michael"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2021-08-10T07:41:52Z","date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:02:51Z","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","_id":"9857","year":"2017","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science ","title":"Supporting information concerning observed wMel frequencies and analyses of habitat variables","status":"public"}]