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However the loss of function of the axl1/2 did not present any cellular or physiological phenotype, meaning Auxilin-likes do not form the major uncoating machinery. The second chapter of my thesis describes the establishment/utilisation of techniques to capture the dynamicity and the complexity of CME and post-endocytic trafficking. We have studied the development of endocytic pits at the PM – specifically, the mode of membrane remodeling during pit development and the role of actin in it, given plant cells possess high turgor pressure. Utilizing the improved z-resolution of TIRF and VAEM techniques, we captured the time-lapse of the endocytic events at the plasma membrane; and using particle detection software, we quantitatively analysed all the endocytic trajectories in an unbiased way to obtain the endocytic rate of the system. This together with the direct analysis of cargo internalisation from the PM provided an estimate on the endocytic potential of the cell. We also developed a methodology for ultrastructural analysis of different populations of Clathrin-Coated Structures (CCSs) in both PM and endomembranes in unroofed protoplasts. Structural analysis, together with the intensity profile of CCSs at the PM show that the mode of CCP development at the PM follows ‘Constant curvature model’; meaning that clathrin polymerisation energy is a major contributing factor of membrane remodeling. In addition, other analyses clearly show that actin is not required for membrane remodeling during invagination or any other step of CCP development, despite the prevalent high turgor pressure. However, actin is essential in orchestrating the post-endocytic trafficking of CCVs facilitating the EE formation. We also observed that the uncoating process post-endocytosis is not immediate; an alternative mechanism of uncoating – Sequential multi-step process – functions in the cell. Finally we also looked at one of the important physiological stimuli modulating the process – hormone, auxin. auxin has been known to influence CME before. We have made a detailed study on the concentration-time based effect of auxin on the machinery proteins, CCP development, and the specificity of cargoes endocytosed. To this end, we saw no general effect of auxin on CME at earlier time points. However, very low concentration of IAA, such as 50nM, accelerates endocytosis of specifically PIN2 through CME. Such a tight regulatory control with high specificity to PIN2 could be essential in modulating its polarity. 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M. Clathrin-Mediated endocytosis, post-endocytic trafficking and their regulatory controls in plants . 2019. doi:10.15479/at:ista:th1075","ieee":"M. Narasimhan, “Clathrin-Mediated endocytosis, post-endocytic trafficking and their regulatory controls in plants ,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.","apa":"Narasimhan, M. (2019). Clathrin-Mediated endocytosis, post-endocytic trafficking and their regulatory controls in plants . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:th1075","ista":"Narasimhan M. 2019. Clathrin-Mediated endocytosis, post-endocytic trafficking and their regulatory controls in plants . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"M. Narasimhan, Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Post-Endocytic Trafficking and Their Regulatory Controls in Plants , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019.","mla":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha. Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Post-Endocytic Trafficking and Their Regulatory Controls in Plants . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019, doi:10.15479/at:ista:th1075.","chicago":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha. “Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis, Post-Endocytic Trafficking and Their Regulatory Controls in Plants .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:th1075."},"page":"138","date_published":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2021-02-11T23:30:15Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","year":"2019","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","author":[{"full_name":"Narasimhan, Madhumitha","orcid":"0000-0002-8600-0671","id":"44BF24D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Narasimhan","first_name":"Madhumitha"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"412","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"}]},"date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:43:03Z","date_created":"2019-04-09T14:37:06Z","month":"02","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:th1075","degree_awarded":"PhD","supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Friml","first_name":"Jiří","full_name":"Friml, Jiří"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"A process of restorative patterning in plant roots correctly replaces eliminated cells to heal local injuries despite the absence of cell migration, which underpins wound healing in animals. \r\n\r\nPatterning in plants relies on oriented cell divisions and acquisition of specific cell identities. Plants regularly endure wounds caused by abiotic or biotic environmental stimuli and have developed extraordinary abilities to restore their tissues after injuries. Here, we provide insight into a mechanism of restorative patterning that repairs tissues after wounding. Laser-assisted elimination of different cells in Arabidopsis root combined with live-imaging tracking during vertical growth allowed analysis of the regeneration processes in vivo. Specifically, the cells adjacent to the inner side of the injury re-activated their stem cell transcriptional programs. They accelerated their progression through cell cycle, coordinately changed the cell division orientation, and ultimately acquired de novo the correct cell fates to replace missing cells. These observations highlight existence of unknown intercellular positional signaling and demonstrate the capability of specified cells to re-acquire stem cell programs as a crucial part of the plant-specific mechanism of wound healing.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"4","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"6351","status":"public","title":"Re-activation of stem cell pathways for pattern restoration in plant wound healing","ddc":["570"],"intvolume":" 177","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:28Z","date_created":"2019-05-13T06:12:45Z","checksum":"4ceba04a96a74f5092ec3ce2c579a0c7","file_id":"6411","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_size":10272032,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2019_Cell_Marhava.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"02","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Cell","citation":{"ama":"Marhavá P, Hörmayer L, Yoshida S, Marhavý P, Benková E, Friml J. Re-activation of stem cell pathways for pattern restoration in plant wound healing. Cell. 2019;177(4):957-969.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.015","apa":"Marhavá, P., Hörmayer, L., Yoshida, S., Marhavý, P., Benková, E., & Friml, J. (2019). Re-activation of stem cell pathways for pattern restoration in plant wound healing. Cell. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.015","ieee":"P. Marhavá, L. Hörmayer, S. Yoshida, P. Marhavý, E. Benková, and J. Friml, “Re-activation of stem cell pathways for pattern restoration in plant wound healing,” Cell, vol. 177, no. 4. Elsevier, p. 957–969.e13, 2019.","ista":"Marhavá P, Hörmayer L, Yoshida S, Marhavý P, Benková E, Friml J. 2019. Re-activation of stem cell pathways for pattern restoration in plant wound healing. Cell. 177(4), 957–969.e13.","short":"P. Marhavá, L. Hörmayer, S. Yoshida, P. Marhavý, E. Benková, J. Friml, Cell 177 (2019) 957–969.e13.","mla":"Marhavá, Petra, et al. “Re-Activation of Stem Cell Pathways for Pattern Restoration in Plant Wound Healing.” Cell, vol. 177, no. 4, Elsevier, 2019, p. 957–969.e13, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.015.","chicago":"Marhavá, Petra, Lukas Hörmayer, Saiko Yoshida, Peter Marhavý, Eva Benková, and Jiří Friml. “Re-Activation of Stem Cell Pathways for Pattern Restoration in Plant Wound Healing.” Cell. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.015."},"page":"957-969.e13","date_published":"2019-05-02T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:28Z","ec_funded":1,"year":"2019","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"},{"_id":"EvBe"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","author":[{"id":"44E59624-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Petra","last_name":"Marhavá","full_name":"Marhavá, Petra"},{"last_name":"Hörmayer","first_name":"Lukas","orcid":"0000-0001-8295-2926","id":"2EEE7A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hörmayer, Lukas"},{"full_name":"Yoshida, Saiko","id":"2E46069C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Saiko","last_name":"Yoshida"},{"full_name":"Marhavy, Peter","orcid":"0000-0001-5227-5741","id":"3F45B078-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Marhavy","first_name":"Peter"},{"first_name":"Eva","last_name":"Benková","id":"38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8510-9739","full_name":"Benková, Eva"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jiří","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/specialized-plant-cells-regain-stem-cell-features-to-heal-wounds/"}],"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"9992"}]},"date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:10Z","date_created":"2019-04-28T21:59:14Z","volume":177,"month":"05","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["10974172"],"issn":["00928674"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"pmid":["31051107"],"isi":["000466843000015"]},"oa":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"name":"Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"742985"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.015","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","page":"124-130","article_type":"original","citation":{"chicago":"Hörmayer, Lukas, and Jiří Friml. “Targeted Cell Ablation-Based Insights into Wound Healing and Restorative Patterning.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.006.","short":"L. Hörmayer, J. Friml, Current Opinion in Plant Biology 52 (2019) 124–130.","mla":"Hörmayer, Lukas, and Jiří Friml. “Targeted Cell Ablation-Based Insights into Wound Healing and Restorative Patterning.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 52, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 124–30, doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.006.","ieee":"L. Hörmayer and J. Friml, “Targeted cell ablation-based insights into wound healing and restorative patterning,” Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 52. Elsevier, pp. 124–130, 2019.","apa":"Hörmayer, L., & Friml, J. (2019). Targeted cell ablation-based insights into wound healing and restorative patterning. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.006","ista":"Hörmayer L, Friml J. 2019. Targeted cell ablation-based insights into wound healing and restorative patterning. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 52, 124–130.","ama":"Hörmayer L, Friml J. Targeted cell ablation-based insights into wound healing and restorative patterning. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2019;52:124-130. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.006"},"publication":"Current Opinion in Plant Biology","date_published":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Plants as sessile organisms are constantly under attack by herbivores, rough environmental situations, or mechanical pressure. These challenges often lead to the induction of wounds or destruction of already specified and developed tissues. Additionally, wounding makes plants vulnerable to invasion by pathogens, which is why wound signalling often triggers specific defence responses. To stay competitive or, eventually, survive under these circumstances, plants need to regenerate efficiently, which in rigid, tissue migration-incompatible plant tissues requires post-embryonic patterning and organogenesis. Now, several studies used laser-assisted single cell ablation in the Arabidopsis root tip as a minimal wounding proxy. Here, we discuss their findings and put them into context of a broader spectrum of wound signalling, pathogen responses and tissue as well as organ regeneration."}],"intvolume":" 52","status":"public","title":"Targeted cell ablation-based insights into wound healing and restorative patterning","ddc":["580"],"_id":"6943","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1659288,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2019_CurrentOpinionPlant_Hoermayer.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:45Z","date_created":"2019-10-14T14:48:21Z","checksum":"d6fd68a6e965f1efe3f0bf2d2070a616","relation":"main_file","file_id":"6946"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1369-5266"]},"month":"12","project":[{"name":"Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"742985"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"pmid":["31585333"],"isi":["000502890600017"]},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.006","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:45Z","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"year":"2019","volume":52,"date_created":"2019-10-14T07:00:24Z","date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:10Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9992","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Hörmayer, Lukas","first_name":"Lukas","last_name":"Hörmayer","id":"2EEE7A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8295-2926"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jiří","first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596"}]},{"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","page":"1152-1165","article_type":"original","citation":{"short":"A. Oochi, J. Hajny, K. Fukui, Y. Nakao, M.C. Gallei, M. Quareshy, K. Takahashi, T. Kinoshita, S. Harborough, S. Kepinski, H. Kasahara, R. Napier, J. Friml, K. Hayashi, Plant Physiology 180 (2019) 1152–1165.","mla":"Oochi, A., et al. “Pinstatic Acid Promotes Auxin Transport by Inhibiting PIN Internalization.” Plant Physiology, vol. 180, no. 2, ASPB, 2019, pp. 1152–65, doi:10.1104/pp.19.00201.","chicago":"Oochi, A, Jakub Hajny, K Fukui, Y Nakao, Michelle C Gallei, M Quareshy, K Takahashi, et al. “Pinstatic Acid Promotes Auxin Transport by Inhibiting PIN Internalization.” Plant Physiology. ASPB, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00201.","ama":"Oochi A, Hajny J, Fukui K, et al. Pinstatic acid promotes auxin transport by inhibiting PIN internalization. Plant Physiology. 2019;180(2):1152-1165. doi:10.1104/pp.19.00201","ieee":"A. Oochi et al., “Pinstatic acid promotes auxin transport by inhibiting PIN internalization,” Plant Physiology, vol. 180, no. 2. ASPB, pp. 1152–1165, 2019.","apa":"Oochi, A., Hajny, J., Fukui, K., Nakao, Y., Gallei, M. C., Quareshy, M., … Hayashi, K. (2019). Pinstatic acid promotes auxin transport by inhibiting PIN internalization. Plant Physiology. ASPB. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00201","ista":"Oochi A, Hajny J, Fukui K, Nakao Y, Gallei MC, Quareshy M, Takahashi K, Kinoshita T, Harborough S, Kepinski S, Kasahara H, Napier R, Friml J, Hayashi K. 2019. Pinstatic acid promotes auxin transport by inhibiting PIN internalization. Plant Physiology. 180(2), 1152–1165."},"publication":"Plant Physiology","issue":"2","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Polar auxin transport plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. PIN auxin efflux carriers regulate directional auxin movement by establishing local auxin maxima, minima, and gradients that drive multiple developmental processes and responses to environmental signals. Auxin has been proposed to modulate its own transport by regulating subcellular PIN trafficking via processes such as clathrin-mediated PIN endocytosis and constitutive recycling. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms by which auxin affects PIN trafficking by screening auxin analogs and identified pinstatic acid (PISA) as a positive modulator of polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PISA had an auxin-like effect on hypocotyl elongation and adventitious root formation via positive regulation of auxin transport. PISA did not activate SCFTIR1/AFB signaling and yet induced PIN accumulation at the cell surface by inhibiting PIN internalization from the plasma membrane. This work demonstrates PISA to be a promising chemical tool to dissect the regulatory mechanisms behind subcellular PIN trafficking and auxin transport."}],"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":" 180","status":"public","title":"Pinstatic acid promotes auxin transport by inhibiting PIN internalization","_id":"6260","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1532-2548"],"issn":["0032-0889"]},"month":"06","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1104/pp.19.00201","project":[{"name":"Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"742985"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["30936248"],"isi":["000470086100045"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00201","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"volume":180,"date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:38Z","date_created":"2019-04-09T08:38:20Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"11626"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"8822"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Oochi","first_name":"A","full_name":"Oochi, A"},{"last_name":"Hajny","first_name":"Jakub","orcid":"0000-0003-2140-7195","id":"4800CC20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hajny, Jakub"},{"last_name":"Fukui","first_name":"K","full_name":"Fukui, K"},{"full_name":"Nakao, Y","last_name":"Nakao","first_name":"Y"},{"full_name":"Gallei, Michelle C","orcid":"0000-0003-1286-7368","id":"35A03822-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Gallei","first_name":"Michelle C"},{"first_name":"M","last_name":"Quareshy","full_name":"Quareshy, M"},{"full_name":"Takahashi, K","first_name":"K","last_name":"Takahashi"},{"first_name":"T","last_name":"Kinoshita","full_name":"Kinoshita, T"},{"first_name":"SR","last_name":"Harborough","full_name":"Harborough, SR"},{"last_name":"Kepinski","first_name":"S","full_name":"Kepinski, S"},{"full_name":"Kasahara, H","first_name":"H","last_name":"Kasahara"},{"first_name":"RM","last_name":"Napier","full_name":"Napier, RM"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jiří","last_name":"Friml","first_name":"Jiří","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"KI","last_name":"Hayashi","full_name":"Hayashi, KI"}],"publisher":"ASPB","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"year":"2019","acknowledgement":"We thank Dr. H. Fukaki (University of Kobe), Dr. R. Offringa (Leiden University), Dr. Jianwei Pan (Zhejiang Normal University), and Dr. M. Estelle (University of California at San Diego) for providing mutants and transgenic line seeds.\r\nThis work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research no. JP25114518 to K.H.), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (award no. BB/L009366/1 to R.N. and S.K.), and the European Union’s Horizon2020 program (European Research Council grant agreement no. 742985 to J.F.)."},{"ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:34Z","article_number":"3337","volume":20,"date_updated":"2024-03-28T23:30:44Z","date_created":"2019-07-11T12:00:32Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10083","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Adamowski","first_name":"Maciek","orcid":"0000-0001-6463-5257","id":"45F536D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adamowski, Maciek"},{"first_name":"Lanxin","last_name":"Li","id":"367EF8FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-5607-272X","full_name":"Li, Lanxin"},{"first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","full_name":"Friml, Jiří"}],"publisher":"MDPI","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"year":"2019","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1422-0067"]},"month":"07","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.3390/ijms20133337","project":[{"name":"Polarity and subcellular dynamics in plants","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"282300","_id":"25716A02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"International IST Doctoral Program"},{"_id":"B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854","name":"IST Austria Open Access Fund"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000477041100221"],"pmid":["31284661"]},"issue":"13","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Cortical microtubule arrays in elongating epidermal cells in both the root and stem of plants have the propensity of dynamic reorientations that are correlated with the activation or inhibition of growth. Factors regulating plant growth, among them the hormone auxin, have been recognized as regulators of microtubule array orientations. Some previous work in the field has aimed at elucidating the causal relationship between cell growth, the signaling of auxin or other growth-regulating factors, and microtubule array reorientations, with various conclusions. Here, we revisit this problem of causality with a comprehensive set of experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana, using the now available pharmacological and genetic tools. We use isolated, auxin-depleted hypocotyls, an experimental system allowing for full control of both growth and auxin signaling. We demonstrate that reorientation of microtubules is not directly triggered by an auxin signal during growth activation. Instead, reorientation is triggered by the activation of the growth process itself and is auxin-independent in its nature. We discuss these findings in the context of previous relevant work, including that on the mechanical regulation of microtubule array orientation."}],"type":"journal_article","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2019_JournalMolecularScience_Adamowski.pdf","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3330291,"file_id":"6645","relation":"main_file","checksum":"dd9d1cbb933a72ceb666c9667890ac51","date_created":"2019-07-17T06:17:15Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:34Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":" 20","ddc":["580"],"status":"public","title":"Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"6627","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"07","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2019-07-07T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","citation":{"chicago":"Adamowski, Maciek, Lanxin Li, and Jiří Friml. “Reorientation of Cortical Microtubule Arrays in the Hypocotyl of Arabidopsis Thaliana Is Induced by the Cell Growth Process and Independent of Auxin Signaling.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133337.","mla":"Adamowski, Maciek, et al. “Reorientation of Cortical Microtubule Arrays in the Hypocotyl of Arabidopsis Thaliana Is Induced by the Cell Growth Process and Independent of Auxin Signaling.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 20, no. 13, 3337, MDPI, 2019, doi:10.3390/ijms20133337.","short":"M. Adamowski, L. Li, J. Friml, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (2019).","ista":"Adamowski M, Li L, Friml J. 2019. Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20(13), 3337.","ieee":"M. Adamowski, L. Li, and J. Friml, “Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 20, no. 13. MDPI, 2019.","apa":"Adamowski, M., Li, L., & Friml, J. (2019). Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133337","ama":"Adamowski M, Li L, Friml J. Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(13). doi:10.3390/ijms20133337"},"publication":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_7","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["29525951"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1064-3745"]},"month":"03","author":[{"last_name":"Trinh","first_name":"Hoang","full_name":"Trinh, Hoang"},{"full_name":"Verstraeten, Inge","first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Verstraeten","id":"362BF7FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7241-2328"},{"first_name":"Danny","last_name":"Geelen","full_name":"Geelen, Danny"}],"volume":1761,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:18Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T07:54:21Z","pmid":1,"year":"2018","publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publication_status":"published","publist_id":"7421","date_published":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Trinh, Hoang, Inge Verstraeten, and Danny Geelen. “In Vitro Assay for Induction of Adventitious Rooting on Intact Arabidopsis Hypocotyls.” In Root Development , 1761:95–102. Springer Nature, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_7.","mla":"Trinh, Hoang, et al. “In Vitro Assay for Induction of Adventitious Rooting on Intact Arabidopsis Hypocotyls.” Root Development , vol. 1761, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 95–102, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_7.","short":"H. Trinh, I. Verstraeten, D. Geelen, in:, Root Development , Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 95–102.","ista":"Trinh H, Verstraeten I, Geelen D. 2018.In vitro assay for induction of adventitious rooting on intact arabidopsis hypocotyls. In: Root Development . MIMB, vol. 1761, 95–102.","apa":"Trinh, H., Verstraeten, I., & Geelen, D. (2018). In vitro assay for induction of adventitious rooting on intact arabidopsis hypocotyls. In Root Development (Vol. 1761, pp. 95–102). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_7","ieee":"H. Trinh, I. Verstraeten, and D. Geelen, “In vitro assay for induction of adventitious rooting on intact arabidopsis hypocotyls,” in Root Development , vol. 1761, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 95–102.","ama":"Trinh H, Verstraeten I, Geelen D. In vitro assay for induction of adventitious rooting on intact arabidopsis hypocotyls. In: Root Development . Vol 1761. Springer Nature; 2018:95-102. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_7"},"publication":"Root Development ","page":"95 - 102","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"408","intvolume":" 1761","title":"In vitro assay for induction of adventitious rooting on intact arabidopsis hypocotyls","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Adventitious roots (AR) are de novo formed roots that emerge from any part of the plant or from callus in tissue culture, except root tissue. The plant tissue origin and the method by which they are induced determine the physiological properties of emerged ARs. Hence, a standard method encompassing all types of AR does not exist. Here we describe a method for the induction and analysis of AR that emerge from the etiolated hypocotyl of dicot plants. The hypocotyl is formed during embryogenesis and shows a determined developmental pattern which usually does not involve AR formation. However, the hypocotyl shows propensity to form de novo roots under specific circumstances such as removal of the root system, high humidity or flooding, or during de-etiolation. The hypocotyl AR emerge from a pericycle-like cell layer surrounding the vascular tissue of the central cylinder, which is reminiscent to the developmental program of lateral roots. Here we propose an easy protocol for in vitro hypocotyl AR induction from etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings."}],"type":"book_chapter","alternative_title":["MIMB"]},{"abstract":[{"text":"Immunolocalization is a valuable tool for cell biology research that allows to rapidly determine the localization and expression levels of endogenous proteins. In plants, whole-mount in situ immunolocalization remains a challenging method, especially in tissues protected by waxy layers and complex cell wall carbohydrates. Here, we present a robust method for whole-mount in situ immunolocalization in primary root meristems and lateral root primordia in Arabidopsis thaliana. For good epitope preservation, fixation is done in an alkaline paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde mixture. This fixative is suitable for detecting a wide range of proteins, including integral transmembrane proteins and proteins peripherally attached to the plasma membrane. From initiation until emergence from the primary root, lateral root primordia are surrounded by several layers of differentiated tissues with a complex cell wall composition that interferes with the efficient penetration of all buffers. Therefore, immunolocalization in early lateral root primordia requires a modified method, including a strong solvent treatment for removal of hydrophobic barriers and a specific cocktail of cell wall-degrading enzymes. The presented method allows for easy, reliable, and high-quality in situ detection of the subcellular localization of endogenous proteins in primary and lateral root meristems without the need of time-consuming crosses or making translational fusions to fluorescent proteins.","lang":"eng"}],"publist_id":"7418","alternative_title":["Methods in Molecular Biology"],"type":"book_chapter","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:20Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T07:54:34Z","volume":1761,"oa_version":"None","author":[{"full_name":"Karampelias, Michael","last_name":"Karampelias","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Tejos","first_name":"Ricardo","full_name":"Tejos, Ricardo"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jirí","first_name":"Jirí","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596"},{"full_name":"Vanneste, Steffen","last_name":"Vanneste","first_name":"Steffen"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"Optimized whole mount in situ immunolocalization for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems and lateral root primordia","status":"public","publisher":"Springer","editor":[{"first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Ristova","full_name":"Ristova, Daniela"},{"full_name":"Barbez, Elke","first_name":"Elke","last_name":"Barbez"}],"department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"intvolume":" 1761","year":"2018","_id":"411","user_id":"4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"03","day":"11","series_title":"MIMB","scopus_import":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_10","date_published":"2018-03-11T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","page":"131 - 143","publication":"Root Development. Methods and Protocols","citation":{"short":"M. Karampelias, R. Tejos, J. Friml, S. Vanneste, in:, D. Ristova, E. Barbez (Eds.), Root Development. Methods and Protocols, Springer, 2018, pp. 131–143.","mla":"Karampelias, Michael, et al. “Optimized Whole Mount in Situ Immunolocalization for Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Meristems and Lateral Root Primordia.” Root Development. Methods and Protocols, edited by Daniela Ristova and Elke Barbez, vol. 1761, Springer, 2018, pp. 131–43, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_10.","chicago":"Karampelias, Michael, Ricardo Tejos, Jiří Friml, and Steffen Vanneste. “Optimized Whole Mount in Situ Immunolocalization for Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Meristems and Lateral Root Primordia.” In Root Development. Methods and Protocols, edited by Daniela Ristova and Elke Barbez, 1761:131–43. MIMB. Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_10.","ama":"Karampelias M, Tejos R, Friml J, Vanneste S. Optimized whole mount in situ immunolocalization for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems and lateral root primordia. In: Ristova D, Barbez E, eds. Root Development. Methods and Protocols. Vol 1761. MIMB. Springer; 2018:131-143. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_10","apa":"Karampelias, M., Tejos, R., Friml, J., & Vanneste, S. (2018). Optimized whole mount in situ immunolocalization for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems and lateral root primordia. In D. Ristova & E. Barbez (Eds.), Root Development. Methods and Protocols (Vol. 1761, pp. 131–143). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7747-5_10","ieee":"M. Karampelias, R. Tejos, J. Friml, and S. Vanneste, “Optimized whole mount in situ immunolocalization for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems and lateral root primordia,” in Root Development. Methods and Protocols, vol. 1761, D. Ristova and E. Barbez, Eds. Springer, 2018, pp. 131–143.","ista":"Karampelias M, Tejos R, Friml J, Vanneste S. 2018.Optimized whole mount in situ immunolocalization for Arabidopsis thaliana root meristems and lateral root primordia. In: Root Development. Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 1761, 131–143."}},{"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"26","citation":{"apa":"Abbas, M., Hernández, G. J., Pollmann, S., Samodelov, S. L., Kolb, M., Friml, J., … Alabadí, D. (2018). Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806565115","ieee":"M. Abbas et al., “Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis,” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 26. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 6864–6869, 2018.","ista":"Abbas M, Hernández GJ, Pollmann S, Samodelov SL, Kolb M, Friml J, Hammes UZ, Zurbriggen MD, Blázquez M, Alabadí D. 2018. Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis. PNAS. 115(26), 6864–6869.","ama":"Abbas M, Hernández GJ, Pollmann S, et al. Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis. PNAS. 2018;115(26):6864-6869. doi:10.1073/pnas.1806565115","chicago":"Abbas, Mohamad, García J Hernández, Stephan Pollmann, Sophia L Samodelov, Martina Kolb, Jiří Friml, Ulrich Z Hammes, Matias D Zurbriggen, Miguel Blázquez, and David Alabadí. “Auxin Methylation Is Required for Differential Growth in Arabidopsis.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806565115.","short":"M. Abbas, G.J. Hernández, S. Pollmann, S.L. Samodelov, M. Kolb, J. Friml, U.Z. Hammes, M.D. Zurbriggen, M. Blázquez, D. Alabadí, PNAS 115 (2018) 6864–6869.","mla":"Abbas, Mohamad, et al. “Auxin Methylation Is Required for Differential Growth in Arabidopsis.” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 26, National Academy of Sciences, 2018, pp. 6864–69, doi:10.1073/pnas.1806565115."},"publication":"PNAS","page":"6864-6869","date_published":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"26","abstract":[{"text":"Asymmetric auxin distribution is instrumental for the differential growth that causes organ bending on tropic stimuli and curvatures during plant development. Local differences in auxin concentrations are achieved mainly by polarized cellular distribution of PIN auxin transporters, but whether other mechanisms involving auxin homeostasis are also relevant for the formation of auxin gradients is not clear. Here we show that auxin methylation is required for asymmetric auxin distribution across the hypocotyl, particularly during its response to gravity. We found that loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis IAA CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (IAMT1) prematurely unfold the apical hook, and that their hypocotyls are impaired in gravitropic reorientation. This defect is linked to an auxin-dependent increase in PIN gene expression, leading to an increased polar auxin transport and lack of asymmetric distribution of PIN3 in the iamt1 mutant. Gravitropic reorientation in the iamt1 mutant could be restored with either endodermis-specific expression of IAMT1 or partial inhibition of polar auxin transport, which also results in normal PIN gene expression levels. We propose that IAA methylation is necessary in gravity-sensing cells to restrict polar auxin transport within the range of auxin levels that allow for differential responses.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"203","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","intvolume":" 115","status":"public","title":"Auxin methylation is required for differential growth in Arabidopsis","oa_version":"None","month":"06","oa":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000436245000096"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52388/"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Polarity and subcellular dynamics in plants","_id":"25716A02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"282300"}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1806565115","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publist_id":"7710","ec_funded":1,"year":"2018","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Abbas, Mohamad","id":"47E8FC1C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mohamad","last_name":"Abbas"},{"full_name":"Hernández, García J","last_name":"Hernández","first_name":"García J"},{"last_name":"Pollmann","first_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Pollmann, Stephan"},{"last_name":"Samodelov","first_name":"Sophia L","full_name":"Samodelov, Sophia L"},{"last_name":"Kolb","first_name":"Martina","full_name":"Kolb, Martina"},{"first_name":"Jirí","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","full_name":"Friml, Jirí"},{"full_name":"Hammes, Ulrich Z","first_name":"Ulrich Z","last_name":"Hammes"},{"last_name":"Zurbriggen","first_name":"Matias D","full_name":"Zurbriggen, Matias D"},{"full_name":"Blázquez, Miguel","last_name":"Blázquez","first_name":"Miguel"},{"full_name":"Alabadí, David","last_name":"Alabadí","first_name":"David"}],"volume":115,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:11Z","date_updated":"2023-09-08T13:24:40Z"},{"publication":"Plant Cell and Environment","external_id":{"isi":["000459014800021"],"pmid":["30378140"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30378140","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Zhang, Luosha, Xiong Shi, Yutao Zhang, Jiajing Wang, Jingwei Yang, Takashi Ishida, Wenqian Jiang, et al. “CLE9 Peptide-Induced Stomatal Closure Is Mediated by Abscisic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Nitric Oxide in Arabidopsis Thaliana.” Plant Cell and Environment. Wiley, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13475.","mla":"Zhang, Luosha, et al. “CLE9 Peptide-Induced Stomatal Closure Is Mediated by Abscisic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Nitric Oxide in Arabidopsis Thaliana.” Plant Cell and Environment, Wiley, 2018, doi:10.1111/pce.13475.","short":"L. Zhang, X. Shi, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Yang, T. Ishida, W. Jiang, X. Han, J. Kang, X. Wang, L. Pan, S. Lv, B. Cao, Y. Zhang, J. Wu, H. Han, Z. Hu, L. Cui, S. Sawa, J. He, G. Wang, Plant Cell and Environment (2018).","ista":"Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang J, Ishida T, Jiang W, Han X, Kang J, Wang X, Pan L, Lv S, Cao B, Zhang Y, Wu J, Han H, Hu Z, Cui L, Sawa S, He J, Wang G. 2018. CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Environment.","ieee":"L. Zhang et al., “CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana,” Plant Cell and Environment. Wiley, 2018.","apa":"Zhang, L., Shi, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Yang, J., Ishida, T., … Wang, G. (2018). CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Environment. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13475","ama":"Zhang L, Shi X, Zhang Y, et al. CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell and Environment. 2018. doi:10.1111/pce.13475"},"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1111/pce.13475","date_published":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"31","month":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["01407791"]},"year":"2018","_id":"5830","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","pmid":1,"title":"CLE9 peptide-induced stomatal closure is mediated by abscisic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide in arabidopsis thaliana","status":"public","publication_status":"epub_ahead","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"publisher":"Wiley","author":[{"first_name":"Luosha","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Luosha"},{"last_name":"Shi","first_name":"Xiong","full_name":"Shi, Xiong"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yutao","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Yutao"},{"first_name":"Jiajing","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jiajing"},{"full_name":"Yang, Jingwei","first_name":"Jingwei","last_name":"Yang"},{"full_name":"Ishida, Takashi","first_name":"Takashi","last_name":"Ishida"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Wenqian","first_name":"Wenqian","last_name":"Jiang"},{"full_name":"Han, Xiangyu","first_name":"Xiangyu","last_name":"Han"},{"full_name":"Kang, Jingke","last_name":"Kang","first_name":"Jingke"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Xuening","full_name":"Wang, Xuening"},{"last_name":"Pan","first_name":"Lixia","full_name":"Pan, Lixia"},{"full_name":"Lv, Shuo","last_name":"Lv","first_name":"Shuo"},{"full_name":"Cao, Bing","first_name":"Bing","last_name":"Cao"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yonghong","first_name":"Yonghong","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Wu, Jinbin","last_name":"Wu","first_name":"Jinbin"},{"full_name":"Han, Huibin","first_name":"Huibin","last_name":"Han","id":"31435098-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hu, Zhubing","last_name":"Hu","first_name":"Zhubing"},{"full_name":"Cui, Langjun","last_name":"Cui","first_name":"Langjun"},{"last_name":"Sawa","first_name":"Shinichiro","full_name":"Sawa, Shinichiro"},{"first_name":"Junmin","last_name":"He","full_name":"He, Junmin"},{"full_name":"Wang, Guodong","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Guodong"}],"date_created":"2019-01-13T22:59:11Z","date_updated":"2023-09-11T12:43:31Z","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"CLE peptides have been implicated in various developmental processes of plants and mediate their responses to environmental stimuli. However, the biological relevance of most CLE genes remains to be functionally characterized. Here, we report that CLE9, which is expressed in stomata, acts as an essential regulator in the induction of stomatal closure. Exogenous application of CLE9 peptides or overexpression of CLE9 effectively led to stomatal closure and enhanced drought tolerance, whereas CLE9 loss-of-function mutants were sensitivity to drought stress. CLE9-induced stomatal closure was impaired in abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants, indicating that ABA is required for CLE9-medaited guard cell signalling. We further deciphered that two guard cell ABA-signalling components, OST1 and SLAC1, were responsible for CLE9-induced stomatal closure. MPK3 and MPK6 were activated by the CLE9 peptide, and CLE9 peptides failed to close stomata in mpk3 and mpk6 mutants. In addition, CLE9 peptides stimulated the induction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis associated with stomatal closure, which was abolished in the NADPH oxidase-deficient mutants or nitric reductase mutants, respectively. Collectively, our results reveal a novel ABA-dependent function of CLE9 in the regulation of stomatal apertures, thereby suggesting a potential role of CLE9 in the stress acclimatization of plants.","lang":"eng"}]},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) is a crucial regulator of growth and development. The main paradigm of GA signaling puts forward transcriptional regulation via the degradation of DELLA transcriptional repressors. GA has also been shown to regulate tropic responses by modulation of the plasma membrane incidence of PIN auxin transporters by an unclear mechanism. Here we uncovered the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which GA redirects protein trafficking and thus regulates cell surface functionality. Photoconvertible reporters revealed that GA balances the protein traffic between the vacuole degradation route and recycling back to the cell surface. Low GA levels promote vacuolar delivery and degradation of multiple cargos, including PIN proteins, whereas high GA levels promote their recycling to the plasma membrane. This GA effect requires components of the retromer complex, such as Sorting Nexin 1 (SNX1) and its interacting, microtubule (MT)-associated protein, the Cytoplasmic Linker-Associated Protein (CLASP1). Accordingly, GA regulates the subcellular distribution of SNX1 and CLASP1, and the intact MT cytoskeleton is essential for the GA effect on trafficking. This GA cellular action occurs through DELLA proteins that regulate the MT and retromer presumably via their interaction partners Prefoldins (PFDs). Our study identified a branching of the GA signaling pathway at the level of DELLA proteins, which, in parallel to regulating transcription, also target by a nontranscriptional mechanism the retromer complex acting at the intersection of the degradation and recycling trafficking routes. By this mechanism, GA can redirect receptors and transporters to the cell surface, thus coregulating multiple processes, including PIN-dependent auxin fluxes during tropic responses."}],"issue":"14","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1924101,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2018_PNAS_Salanenka.pdf","checksum":"1fcf7223fb8f99559cfa80bd6f24ce44","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:26Z","date_created":"2018-12-17T12:30:14Z","file_id":"5700","relation":"main_file"}],"_id":"428","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","status":"public","title":"Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane","ddc":["580"],"intvolume":" 115","day":"03","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","publication":"PNAS","citation":{"chicago":"Salanenka, Yuliya, Inge Verstraeten, Christian Löfke, Kaori Tabata, Satoshi Naramoto, Matous Glanc, and Jiří Friml. “Gibberellin DELLA Signaling Targets the Retromer Complex to Redirect Protein Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721760115.","short":"Y. Salanenka, I. Verstraeten, C. Löfke, K. Tabata, S. Naramoto, M. Glanc, J. Friml, PNAS 115 (2018) 3716–3721.","mla":"Salanenka, Yuliya, et al. “Gibberellin DELLA Signaling Targets the Retromer Complex to Redirect Protein Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane.” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 14, National Academy of Sciences, 2018, pp. 3716–21, doi:10.1073/pnas.1721760115.","apa":"Salanenka, Y., Verstraeten, I., Löfke, C., Tabata, K., Naramoto, S., Glanc, M., & Friml, J. (2018). Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721760115","ieee":"Y. Salanenka et al., “Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane,” PNAS, vol. 115, no. 14. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 3716–3721, 2018.","ista":"Salanenka Y, Verstraeten I, Löfke C, Tabata K, Naramoto S, Glanc M, Friml J. 2018. Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane. PNAS. 115(14), 3716–3721.","ama":"Salanenka Y, Verstraeten I, Löfke C, et al. Gibberellin DELLA signaling targets the retromer complex to redirect protein trafficking to the plasma membrane. PNAS. 2018;115(14):3716-3721. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721760115"},"page":" 3716 - 3721","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:26Z","ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"7395","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","author":[{"full_name":"Salanenka, Yuliya","id":"46DAAE7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Salanenka","first_name":"Yuliya"},{"first_name":"Inge","last_name":"Verstraeten","id":"362BF7FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7241-2328","full_name":"Verstraeten, Inge"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Löfke","full_name":"Löfke, Christian"},{"id":"7DAAEDA4-02D0-11E9-B11A-A5A4D7DFFFD0","last_name":"Tabata","first_name":"Kaori","full_name":"Tabata, Kaori"},{"full_name":"Naramoto, Satoshi","last_name":"Naramoto","first_name":"Satoshi"},{"full_name":"Glanc, Matous","orcid":"0000-0003-0619-7783","id":"1AE1EA24-02D0-11E9-9BAA-DAF4881429F2","last_name":"Glanc","first_name":"Matous"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jirí","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","first_name":"Jirí","last_name":"Friml"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:25Z","date_updated":"2023-09-11T14:06:34Z","volume":115,"acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge M. Blázquez (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas), M. Fendrych, C. Cuesta Moliner (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), M. Vanstraelen, M. Nowack (Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent), C. Luschnig (Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna), S. Simon (Central European Institute of Technology, Brno), C. Sommerville (Carnegie Institution for Science), and Y. Gu (Penn State University) for making available the materials used in this study;\r\n...funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement 282300.\r\nCC BY NC ND","year":"2018","publication_status":"published","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"month":"04","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1721760115","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000429012500073"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"282300","_id":"25716A02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Polarity and subcellular dynamics in plants","call_identifier":"FP7"}]}]