@article{722, abstract = {Plants are sessile organisms rooted in one place. The soil resources that plants require are often distributed in a highly heterogeneous pattern. To aid foraging, plants have evolved roots whose growth and development are highly responsive to soil signals. As a result, 3D root architecture is shaped by myriad environmental signals to ensure resource capture is optimised and unfavourable environments are avoided. The first signals sensed by newly germinating seeds — gravity and light — direct root growth into the soil to aid seedling establishment. Heterogeneous soil resources, such as water, nitrogen and phosphate, also act as signals that shape 3D root growth to optimise uptake. Root architecture is also modified through biotic interactions that include soil fungi and neighbouring plants. This developmental plasticity results in a ‘custom-made’ 3D root system that is best adapted to forage for resources in each soil environment that a plant colonises.}, author = {Morris, Emily and Griffiths, Marcus and Golebiowska, Agata and Mairhofer, Stefan and Burr Hersey, Jasmine and Goh, Tatsuaki and Von Wangenheim, Daniel and Atkinson, Brian and Sturrock, Craig and Lynch, Jonathan and Vissenberg, Kris and Ritz, Karl and Wells, Darren and Mooney, Sacha and Bennett, Malcolm}, issn = {09609822}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {17}, pages = {R919 -- R930}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Shaping 3D root system architecture}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.043}, volume = {27}, year = {2017}, } @article{725, abstract = {Individual computations and social interactions underlying collective behavior in groups of animals are of great ethological, behavioral, and theoretical interest. While complex individual behaviors have successfully been parsed into small dictionaries of stereotyped behavioral modes, studies of collective behavior largely ignored these findings; instead, their focus was on inferring single, mode-independent social interaction rules that reproduced macroscopic and often qualitative features of group behavior. Here, we bring these two approaches together to predict individual swimming patterns of adult zebrafish in a group. We show that fish alternate between an “active” mode, in which they are sensitive to the swimming patterns of conspecifics, and a “passive” mode, where they ignore them. Using a model that accounts for these two modes explicitly, we predict behaviors of individual fish with high accuracy, outperforming previous approaches that assumed a single continuous computation by individuals and simple metric or topological weighing of neighbors’ behavior. At the group level, switching between active and passive modes is uncorrelated among fish, but correlated directional swimming behavior still emerges. Our quantitative approach for studying complex, multi-modal individual behavior jointly with emergent group behavior is readily extensible to additional behavioral modes and their neural correlates as well as to other species.}, author = {Harpaz, Roy and Tkacik, Gasper and Schneidman, Elad}, issn = {00278424}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {38}, pages = {10149 -- 10154}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Discrete modes of social information processing predict individual behavior of fish in a group}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1703817114}, volume = {114}, year = {2017}, } @article{724, abstract = {We investigate the stationary and dynamical behavior of an Anderson localized chain coupled to a single central bound state. Although this coupling partially dilutes the Anderson localized peaks towards nearly resonant sites, the most weight of the original peaks remains unchanged. This leads to multifractal wave functions with a frozen spectrum of fractal dimensions, which is characteristic for localized phases in models with power-law hopping. Using a perturbative approach we identify two different dynamical regimes. At weak couplings to the central site, the transport of particles and information is logarithmic in time, a feature usually attributed to many-body localization. We connect such transport to the persistence of the Poisson statistics of level spacings in parts of the spectrum. In contrast, at stronger couplings the level repulsion is established in the entire spectrum, the problem can be mapped to the Fano resonance, and the transport is ballistic.}, author = {Hetterich, Daniel and Serbyn, Maksym and Domínguez, Fernando and Pollmann, Frank and Trauzettel, Björn}, issn = {24699950}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Noninteracting central site model localization and logarithmic entanglement growth}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.96.104203}, volume = {96}, year = {2017}, } @article{731, abstract = {Genetic variations in the oxytocin receptor gene affect patients with ASD and ADHD differently.}, author = {Novarino, Gaia}, issn = {19466234}, journal = {Science Translational Medicine}, number = {411}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{The science of love in ASD and ADHD}}, doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8168}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, } @article{7360, abstract = {Inflammation, which is a highly regulated host response against danger signals, may be harmful if it is excessive and deregulated. Ideally, anti-inflammatory therapy should autonomously commence as soon as possible after the onset of inflammation, should be controllable by a physician, and should not systemically block beneficial immune response in the long term. We describe a genetically encoded anti-inflammatory mammalian cell device based on a modular engineered genetic circuit comprising a sensor, an amplifier, a “thresholder” to restrict activation of a positive-feedback loop, a combination of advanced clinically used biopharmaceutical proteins, and orthogonal regulatory elements that linked modules into the functional device. This genetic circuit was autonomously activated by inflammatory signals, including endogenous cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced inflammation in mice and serum from a systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sIJA) patient, and could be reset externally by a chemical signal. The microencapsulated anti-inflammatory device significantly reduced the pathology in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis, demonstrating a synthetic immunological approach for autonomous anti-inflammatory therapy.}, author = {Smole, Anže and Lainšček, Duško and Bezeljak, Urban and Horvat, Simon and Jerala, Roman}, issn = {1525-0016}, journal = {Molecular Therapy}, number = {1}, pages = {102--119}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{A synthetic mammalian therapeutic gene circuit for sensing and suppressing inflammation}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.005}, volume = {25}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{750, abstract = {Modern communication technologies allow first responders to contact thousands of potential volunteers simultaneously for support during a crisis or disaster event. However, such volunteer efforts must be well coordinated and monitored, in order to offer an effective relief to the professionals. In this paper we extend earlier work on optimally assigning volunteers to selected landmark locations. In particular, we emphasize the aspect that obtaining good assignments requires not only advanced computational tools, but also a realistic measure of distance between volunteers and landmarks. Specifically, we propose the use of the Open Street Map (OSM) driving distance instead of he previously used flight distance. We find the OSM driving distance to be better aligned with the interests of volunteers and first responders. Furthermore, we show that relying on the flying distance leads to a substantial underestimation of the number of required volunteers, causing negative side effects in case of an actual crisis situation.}, author = {Pielorz, Jasmin and Prandtstetter, Matthias and Straub, Markus and Lampert, Christoph}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data}, isbn = {978-153862714-3}, location = {Boston, MA, United States}, pages = {3760 -- 3763}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Optimal geospatial volunteer allocation needs realistic distances}}, doi = {10.1109/BigData.2017.8258375}, year = {2017}, } @article{795, abstract = {We introduce a common generalization of the strong Hanani–Tutte theorem and the weak Hanani–Tutte theorem: if a graph G has a drawing D in the plane where every pair of independent edges crosses an even number of times, then G has a planar drawing preserving the rotation of each vertex whose incident edges cross each other evenly in D. The theorem is implicit in the proof of the strong Hanani–Tutte theorem by Pelsmajer, Schaefer and Štefankovič. We give a new, somewhat simpler proof.}, author = {Fulek, Radoslav and Kynčl, Jan and Pálvölgyi, Dömötör}, issn = {10778926}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Combinatorics}, number = {3}, publisher = {International Press}, title = {{Unified Hanani Tutte theorem}}, doi = {10.37236/6663}, volume = {24}, year = {2017}, } @article{797, abstract = {Phasenübergänge helfen beim Verständnis von Vielteilchensystemen in der Festkörperphysik und Fluiddynamik bis hin zur Teilchenphysik. Unserer internationalen Kollaboration ist es gelungen, einen neuartigen Phasenübergang in einem Quantensystem zu beobachten [1]. In einem Mikrowellenresonator konnte erstmals die spontane Zustandsänderung von undurchsichtig zu transparent nachgewiesen werden.}, author = {Fink, Johannes M}, journal = {Physik in unserer Zeit}, number = {3}, pages = {111 -- 113}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Photonenblockade aufgelöst}}, doi = {10.1002/piuz.201770305}, volume = {48}, year = {2017}, } @article{807, abstract = {On January the 1st, 2016 a new agreement between 32 Austrian scientific libraries and the publisher Springer took its effect: this deal covers accessing the licensed content on the one hand, and publishing open access on the other hand. More than 1000 papers by Austrian authors were published open access at Springer in the first year alone. The working group "Springer Compact Evaluierung" made the data for these articles available via the platform OpenAPC and would like to use this opportunity to give a short account of what this publishing agreement actually entails and the working group intends to do.}, author = {Andrae, Magdalena and Villányi, Márton}, issn = {10222588}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare}, number = {2}, pages = {274 -- 280}, publisher = {VÖB}, title = {{Der Springer Compact-Deal – Ein erster Einblick in die Evaluierung einer Offsetting-Vereinbarung}}, doi = {10.31263/voebm.v70i2.1898}, volume = {70}, year = {2017}, } @article{825, abstract = {What data is needed about data? Describing the process to answer this question for the institutional data repository IST DataRep.}, author = {Petritsch, Barbara}, issn = {10222588}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare}, number = {2}, pages = {200 -- 207}, publisher = {VÖB}, title = {{Metadata for research data in practice}}, doi = {10.31263/voebm.v70i2.1678}, volume = {70}, year = {2017}, }