@article{14851, abstract = {Die Quantenrotation ist ein spannendes Phänomen, das in vielen verschiedenen Systemen auftritt, von Molekülen und Atomen bis hin zu subatomaren Teilchen wie Neutronen und Protonen. Durch den Einsatz von starken Laserpulsen ist es möglich, die mathematisch anspruchsvolle Topologie der Rotation von Molekülen aufzudecken und topologisch geschützte Zustände zu erzeugen, die unerwartetes Verhalten zeigen. Diese Entdeckungen könnten Auswirkungen auf die Molekülphysik und physikalische Chemie haben und die Entwicklung neuer Technologien ermöglichen. Die Verbindung von Quantenrotation und Topologie stellt ein aufregendes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld dar und bietet neue Wege zur Kontrolle und Nutzung von quantenmechanischen Phänomenen.}, author = {Karle, Volker and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {1521-3943}, journal = {Physik in unserer Zeit}, keywords = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science}, number = {1}, pages = {28--33}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Die faszinierende Topologie rotierender Quanten}}, doi = {10.1002/piuz.202301690}, volume = {55}, year = {2024}, } @article{14986, abstract = {We prove a version of the tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence in positive characteristic for GLn(k). Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>n. Let X be a smooth projective curve over k with marked points, and fix a parabolic subgroup of GLn(k) at each marked point. We denote by Bunn,P the moduli stack of (quasi-)parabolic vector bundles on X, and by Locn,P the moduli stack of parabolic flat connections such that the residue is nilpotent with respect to the parabolic reduction at each marked point. We construct an equivalence between the bounded derived category Db(Qcoh(Loc0n,P)) of quasi-coherent sheaves on an open substack Loc0n,P⊂Locn,P, and the bounded derived category Db(D0Bunn,P-mod) of D0Bunn,P-modules, where D0Bunn,P is a localization of DBunn,P the sheaf of crystalline differential operators on Bunn,P. Thus we extend the work of Bezrukavnikov-Braverman to the tamely ramified case. We also prove a correspondence between flat connections on X with regular singularities and meromorphic Higgs bundles on the Frobenius twist X(1) of X with first order poles .}, author = {Shen, Shiyu}, issn = {1687-0247}, journal = {International Mathematics Research Notices}, keywords = {General Mathematics}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence in positive characteristic}}, doi = {10.1093/imrn/rnae005}, year = {2024}, } @unpublished{15016, abstract = {The development, evolution, and function of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) can be best studied using diverse model organisms. Amphibians, with their unique phylogenetic position at the transition between aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles, are valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of the tetrapod brain and spinal cord. Their metamorphic developmental transitions and unique regenerative abilities also facilitate the discovery of mechanisms for neural circuit remodeling and replacement. The genetic toolkit for amphibians, however, remains limited, with only a few species having sequenced genomes and a small number of transgenic lines available. In mammals, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) have become a powerful alternative to genome modification for visualizing and perturbing the nervous system. AAVs are DNA viruses that enable neuronal transduction in both developing and adult animals with low toxicity and spatial, temporal, and cell-type specificity. However, AAVs have never been shown to transduce amphibian cells efficiently. To bridge this gap, we established a simple, scalable, and robust strategy to screen AAV serotypes in three distantly-related amphibian species: the frogs Xenopus laevis and Pelophylax bedriagae, and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl, in both developing larval tadpoles and post-metamorphic animals. For each species, we successfully identified at least two AAV serotypes capable of infecting the CNS; however, no pan-amphibian serotype was identified, indicating rapid evolution of AAV tropism. In addition, we developed an AAV-based strategy that targets isochronic cohorts of developing neurons – a critical tool for parsing neural circuit assembly. Finally, to enable visualization and manipulation of neural circuits, we identified AAV variants for retrograde tracing of neuronal projections in adult animals. Our findings expand the toolkit for amphibians to include AAVs, establish a generalizable workflow for AAV screening in non-canonical research organisms, generate testable hypotheses for the evolution of AAV tropism, and lay the foundation for modern cross-species comparisons of vertebrate CNS development, function, and evolution. }, author = {Jaeger, Eliza C.B. and Vijatovic, David and Deryckere, Astrid and Zorin, Nikol and Nguyen, Akemi L. and Ivanian, Georgiy and Woych, Jamie and Arnold, Rebecca C and Ortega Gurrola, Alonso and Shvartsman, Arik and Barbieri, Francesca and Toma, Florina-Alexandra and Gorbsky, Gary J. and Horb, Marko E. and Cline, Hollis T. and Shay, Timothy F. and Kelley, Darcy B. and Yamaguchi, Ayako and Shein-Idelson, Mark and Tosches, Maria Antonietta and Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians}}, doi = {10.1101/2024.02.15.580289}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15012, abstract = {We solve a problem of Dujmović and Wood (2007) by showing that a complete convex geometric graph on n vertices cannot be decomposed into fewer than n-1 star-forests, each consisting of noncrossing edges. This bound is clearly tight. We also discuss similar questions for abstract graphs.}, author = {Pach, János and Saghafian, Morteza and Schnider, Patrick}, booktitle = {31st International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization}, isbn = {9783031492716}, issn = {16113349}, location = {Isola delle Femmine, Palermo, Italy}, pages = {339--346}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Decomposition of geometric graphs into star-forests}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-49272-3_23}, volume = {14465}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15006, abstract = {Graphical games are a useful framework for modeling the interactions of (selfish) agents who are connected via an underlying topology and whose behaviors influence each other. They have wide applications ranging from computer science to economics and biology. Yet, even though an agent’s payoff only depends on the actions of their direct neighbors in graphical games, computing the Nash equilibria and making statements about the convergence time of "natural" local dynamics in particular can be highly challenging. In this work, we present a novel approach for classifying complexity of Nash equilibria in graphical games by establishing a connection to local graph algorithms, a subfield of distributed computing. In particular, we make the observation that the equilibria of graphical games are equivalent to locally verifiable labelings (LVL) in graphs; vertex labelings which are verifiable with constant-round local algorithms. This connection allows us to derive novel lower bounds on the convergence time to equilibrium of best-response dynamics in graphical games. Since we establish that distributed convergence can sometimes be provably slow, we also introduce and give bounds on an intuitive notion of "time-constrained" inefficiency of best responses. We exemplify how our results can be used in the implementation of mechanisms that ensure convergence of best responses to a Nash equilibrium. Our results thus also give insight into the convergence of strategy-proof algorithms for graphical games, which is still not well understood.}, author = {Hirvonen, Juho and Schmid, Laura and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {18688969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, } @article{15001, abstract = {Self-replication of amyloid fibrils via secondary nucleation is an intriguing physicochemical phenomenon in which existing fibrils catalyze the formation of their own copies. The molecular events behind this fibril surface-mediated process remain largely inaccessible to current structural and imaging techniques. Using statistical mechanics, computer modeling, and chemical kinetics, we show that the catalytic structure of the fibril surface can be inferred from the aggregation behavior in the presence and absence of a fibril-binding inhibitor. We apply our approach to the case of Alzheimer’s A amyloid fibrils formed in the presence of proSP-C Brichos inhibitors. We find that self-replication of A fibrils occurs on small catalytic sites on the fibril surface, which are far apart from each other, and each of which can be covered by a single Brichos inhibitor.}, author = {Curk, Samo and Krausser, Johannes and Meisl, Georg and Frenkel, Daan and Linse, Sara and Michaels, Thomas C.T. and Knowles, Tuomas P.J. and Šarić, Anđela}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {7}, publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Self-replication of Aβ42 aggregates occurs on small and isolated fibril sites}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2220075121}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, } @article{15002, abstract = {The lattice Schwinger model, the discrete version of QED in 1 + 1 dimensions, is a well-studied test bench for lattice gauge theories. Here, we study the fractal properties of this model. We reveal the self-similarity of the ground state, which allows us to develop a recurrent procedure for finding the ground-state wave functions and predicting ground-state energies. We present the results of recurrently calculating ground-state wave functions using the fractal Ansatz and automized software package for fractal image processing. In certain parameter regimes, just a few terms are enough for our recurrent procedure to predict ground-state energies close to the exact ones for several hundreds of sites. Our findings pave the way to understanding the complexity of calculating many-body wave functions in terms of their fractal properties as well as finding new links between condensed matter and high-energy lattice models.}, author = {Petrova, Elena and Tiunov, Egor S. and Bañuls, Mari Carmen and Fedorov, Aleksey K.}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Fractal states of the Schwinger model}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.050401}, volume = {132}, year = {2024}, } @article{12485, abstract = {In this paper we introduce the critical variational setting for parabolic stochastic evolution equations of quasi- or semi-linear type. Our results improve many of the abstract results in the classical variational setting. In particular, we are able to replace the usual weak or local monotonicity condition by a more flexible local Lipschitz condition. Moreover, the usual growth conditions on the multiplicative noise are weakened considerably. Our new setting provides general conditions under which local and global existence and uniqueness hold. Moreover, we prove continuous dependence on the initial data. We show that many classical SPDEs, which could not be covered by the classical variational setting, do fit in the critical variational setting. In particular, this is the case for the Cahn-Hilliard equations, tamed Navier-Stokes equations, and Allen-Cahn equation.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Veraar, Mark}, issn = {1432-2064}, journal = {Probability Theory and Related Fields}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The critical variational setting for stochastic evolution equations}}, doi = {10.1007/s00440-023-01249-x}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15008, abstract = {Oblivious routing is a well-studied paradigm that uses static precomputed routing tables for selecting routing paths within a network. Existing oblivious routing schemes with polylogarithmic competitive ratio for general networks are tree-based, in the sense that routing is performed according to a convex combination of trees. However, this restriction to trees leads to a construction that has time quadratic in the size of the network and does not parallelize well. In this paper we study oblivious routing schemes based on electrical routing. In particular, we show that general networks with n vertices and m edges admit a routing scheme that has competitive ratio O(log² n) and consists of a convex combination of only O(√m) electrical routings. This immediately leads to an improved construction algorithm with time Õ(m^{3/2}) that can also be implemented in parallel with Õ(√m) depth.}, author = {Goranci, Gramoz and Henzinger, Monika H and Räcke, Harald and Sachdeva, Sushant and Sricharan, A. R.}, booktitle = {15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference}, isbn = {9783959773096}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Berkeley, CA, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Electrical flows for polylogarithmic competitive oblivious routing}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.55}, volume = {287}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15007, abstract = {Traditional blockchains grant the miner of a block full control not only over which transactions but also their order. This constitutes a major flaw discovered with the introduction of decentralized finance and allows miners to perform MEV attacks. In this paper, we address the issue of sandwich attacks by providing a construction that takes as input a blockchain protocol and outputs a new blockchain protocol with the same security but in which sandwich attacks are not profitable. Furthermore, our protocol is fully decentralized with no trusted third parties or heavy cryptography primitives and carries a linear increase in latency and minimum computation overhead.}, author = {Alpos, Orestis and Amores-Sesar, Ignacio and Cachin, Christian and Yeo, Michelle X}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Eating sandwiches: Modular and lightweight elimination of transaction reordering attacks}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.12}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, }