--- _id: '454' abstract: - lang: eng text: Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation among humans. Many of our daily interactions are repeated. We interact repeatedly with our family, friends, colleagues, members of the local and even global community. In the theory of repeated games, it is a tacit assumption that the various games that a person plays simultaneously have no effect on each other. Here we introduce a general framework that allows us to analyze “crosstalk” between a player’s concurrent games. In the presence of crosstalk, the action a person experiences in one game can alter the person’s decision in another. We find that crosstalk impedes the maintenance of cooperation and requires stronger levels of forgiveness. The magnitude of the effect depends on the population structure. In more densely connected social groups, crosstalk has a stronger effect. A harsh retaliator, such as Tit-for-Tat, is unable to counteract crosstalk. The crosstalk framework provides a unified interpretation of direct and upstream reciprocity in the context of repeated games. acknowledgement: "This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) start grant 279307: Graph Games (C.K.), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant no P23499-N23 (C.K.), FWF\r\nNFN grant no S11407-N23 RiSE/SHiNE (C.K.), Office of Naval Research grant N00014-16-1-2914 (M.A.N.), National Cancer Institute grant CA179991 (M.A.N.) and by the John Templeton Foundation. J.G.R. is supported by an Erwin Schrödinger fellowship\r\n(Austrian Science Fund FWF J-3996). C.H. acknowledges generous support from the\r\nISTFELLOW program. The Program for Evolutionary Dynamics is supported in part by\r\na gift from B Wu and Eric Larson." article_number: '555' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Johannes full_name: Reiter, Johannes id: 4A918E98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Reiter orcid: 0000-0002-0170-7353 - first_name: Christian full_name: Hilbe, Christian id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hilbe orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X - first_name: David full_name: Rand, David last_name: Rand - first_name: Krishnendu full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chatterjee orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X - first_name: Martin full_name: Nowak, Martin last_name: Nowak citation: ama: Reiter J, Hilbe C, Rand D, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. Crosstalk in concurrent repeated games impedes direct reciprocity and requires stronger levels of forgiveness. Nature Communications. 2018;9(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02721-8 apa: Reiter, J., Hilbe, C., Rand, D., Chatterjee, K., & Nowak, M. (2018). Crosstalk in concurrent repeated games impedes direct reciprocity and requires stronger levels of forgiveness. Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02721-8 chicago: Reiter, Johannes, Christian Hilbe, David Rand, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin Nowak. “Crosstalk in Concurrent Repeated Games Impedes Direct Reciprocity and Requires Stronger Levels of Forgiveness.” Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02721-8. ieee: J. Reiter, C. Hilbe, D. Rand, K. Chatterjee, and M. Nowak, “Crosstalk in concurrent repeated games impedes direct reciprocity and requires stronger levels of forgiveness,” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. ista: Reiter J, Hilbe C, Rand D, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. 2018. Crosstalk in concurrent repeated games impedes direct reciprocity and requires stronger levels of forgiveness. Nature Communications. 9(1), 555. mla: Reiter, Johannes, et al. “Crosstalk in Concurrent Repeated Games Impedes Direct Reciprocity and Requires Stronger Levels of Forgiveness.” Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1, 555, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02721-8. short: J. Reiter, C. Hilbe, D. Rand, K. Chatterjee, M. Nowak, Nature Communications 9 (2018). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:34Z date_published: 2018-02-07T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:51:03Z day: '07' ddc: - '004' department: - _id: KrCh doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02721-8 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000424318200001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: b6b90367545b4c615891c960ab0567f1 content_type: application/pdf creator: system date_created: 2018-12-12T10:09:18Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:31Z file_id: '4741' file_name: IST-2018-964-v1+1_2018_Hilbe_Crosstalk_in.pdf file_size: 843646 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:31Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 2581B60A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FP7 grant_number: '279307' name: 'Quantitative Graph Games: Theory and Applications' - _id: 2584A770-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: P 23499-N23 name: Modern Graph Algorithmic Techniques in Formal Verification - _id: 25863FF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: S11407 name: Game Theory - _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FP7 grant_number: '291734' name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme publication: Nature Communications publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '7368' pubrep_id: '964' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Crosstalk in concurrent repeated games impedes direct reciprocity and requires stronger levels of forgiveness tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 9 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '320' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons (PV+-BCs) express a complex machinery of rapid signaling mechanisms, including specialized voltage-gated ion channels to generate brief action potentials (APs). However, short APs are associated with overlapping Na+ and K+ fluxes and are therefore energetically expensive. How the potentially vicious combination of high AP frequency and inefficient spike generation can be reconciled with limited energy supply is presently unclear. To address this question, we performed direct recordings from the PV+-BC axon, the subcellular structure where active conductances for AP initiation and propagation are located. Surprisingly, the energy required for the AP was, on average, only ∼1.6 times the theoretical minimum. High energy efficiency emerged from the combination of fast inactivation of Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3-type K+ channels, which minimized ion flux overlap during APs. Thus, the complementary tuning of axonal Na+ and K+ channel gating optimizes both fast signaling properties and metabolic efficiency. Hu et al. demonstrate that action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneuron axons are energetically efficient, which is highly unexpected given their brief duration. High energy efficiency emerges from the combination of fast inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3 channels in the axon. ' article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) author: - first_name: Hua full_name: Hu, Hua id: 4AC0145C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hu - first_name: Fabian full_name: Roth, Fabian last_name: Roth - first_name: David H full_name: Vandael, David H id: 3AE48E0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vandael orcid: 0000-0001-7577-1676 - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: Hu H, Roth F, Vandael DH, Jonas PM. Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. 2018;98(1):156-165. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 apa: Hu, H., Roth, F., Vandael, D. H., & Jonas, P. M. (2018). Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 chicago: Hu, Hua, Fabian Roth, David H Vandael, and Peter M Jonas. “Complementary Tuning of Na+ and K+ Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024. ieee: H. Hu, F. Roth, D. H. Vandael, and P. M. Jonas, “Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons,” Neuron, vol. 98, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 156–165, 2018. ista: Hu H, Roth F, Vandael DH, Jonas PM. 2018. Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons. Neuron. 98(1), 156–165. mla: Hu, Hua, et al. “Complementary Tuning of Na+ and K+ Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons.” Neuron, vol. 98, no. 1, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 156–65, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024. short: H. Hu, F. Roth, D.H. Vandael, P.M. Jonas, Neuron 98 (2018) 156–165. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:48Z date_published: 2018-04-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:45:10Z day: '04' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: PeJo doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000429192100016' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 76070f3729f9c603e1080d0151aa2b11 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2018-12-17T10:37:50Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:03Z file_id: '5690' file_name: 2018_Neuron_Hu.pdf file_size: 3180444 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:03Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 98' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 156 - 165 project: - _id: 25C0F108-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FP7 grant_number: '268548' name: Nanophysiology of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons - _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '692692' name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glumatergic synapse - _id: 25C26B1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: P24909-B24 name: Mechanisms of transmitter release at GABAergic synapses - _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: Z00312 name: The Wittgenstein Prize publication: Neuron publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '7545' quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on IST Homepage relation: press_release url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/a-certain-type-of-neurons-is-more-energy-efficient-than-previously-assumed/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Complementary tuning of Na+ and K+ channel gating underlies fast and energy-efficient action potentials in GABAergic interneuron axons tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 98 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '423' abstract: - lang: eng text: Herd immunity, a process in which resistant individuals limit the spread of a pathogen among susceptible hosts has been extensively studied in eukaryotes. Even though bacteria have evolved multiple immune systems against their phage pathogens, herd immunity in bacteria remains unexplored. Here we experimentally demonstrate that herd immunity arises during phage epidemics in structured and unstructured Escherichia coli populations consisting of differing frequencies of susceptible and resistant cells harboring CRISPR immunity. In addition, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies how herd immunity is affected by spatial population structure, bacterial growth rate, and phage replication rate. Using our model we infer a general epidemiological rule describing the relative speed of an epidemic in partially resistant spatially structured populations. Our experimental and theoretical findings indicate that herd immunity may be important in bacterial communities, allowing for stable coexistence of bacteria and their phages and the maintenance of polymorphism in bacterial immunity. acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Remy Chait for his help and assistance with establishing our experimental setups and to Tobias Bergmiller for valuable insights into some specific experimental details. We thank Luciano Marraffini for donating us the pCas9 plasmid used in this study. We also want to express our gratitude to Seth Barribeau, Andrea Betancourt, Călin Guet, Mato Lagator, Tiago Paixão and Maroš Pleška for valuable discussions on the manuscript. Finally, we would like to thank the \r\neditors and reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions." article_number: e32035 article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Pavel full_name: Payne, Pavel id: 35F78294-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Payne orcid: 0000-0002-2711-9453 - first_name: Lukas full_name: Geyrhofer, Lukas last_name: Geyrhofer - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - first_name: Jonathan P full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bollback orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612 citation: ama: Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, Bollback JP. CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. eLife. 2018;7. doi:10.7554/eLife.32035 apa: Payne, P., Geyrhofer, L., Barton, N. H., & Bollback, J. P. (2018). CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035 chicago: Payne, Pavel, Lukas Geyrhofer, Nicholas H Barton, and Jonathan P Bollback. “CRISPR-Based Herd Immunity Can Limit Phage Epidemics in Bacterial Populations.” ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32035. ieee: P. Payne, L. Geyrhofer, N. H. Barton, and J. P. Bollback, “CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations,” eLife, vol. 7. eLife Sciences Publications, 2018. ista: Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, Bollback JP. 2018. CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. eLife. 7, e32035. mla: Payne, Pavel, et al. “CRISPR-Based Herd Immunity Can Limit Phage Epidemics in Bacterial Populations.” ELife, vol. 7, e32035, eLife Sciences Publications, 2018, doi:10.7554/eLife.32035. short: P. Payne, L. Geyrhofer, N.H. Barton, J.P. Bollback, ELife 7 (2018). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:23Z date_published: 2018-03-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:49:17Z day: '09' ddc: - '576' department: - _id: NiBa - _id: JoBo doi: 10.7554/eLife.32035 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000431035800001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 447cf6e680bdc3c01062a8737d876569 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2018-12-17T10:36:07Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:25Z file_id: '5689' file_name: 2018_eLife_Payne.pdf file_size: 3533881 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:25Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 7' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '648440' name: Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer publication: eLife publication_status: published publisher: eLife Sciences Publications publist_id: '7400' quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '9840' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: CRISPR-based herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 7 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '5791' abstract: - lang: eng text: Due to data compression or low resolution, nearby vertices and edges of a graph drawing may be bundled to a common node or arc. We model such a “compromised” drawing by a piecewise linear map φ:G → ℝ. We wish to perturb φ by an arbitrarily small ε>0 into a proper drawing (in which the vertices are distinct points, any two edges intersect in finitely many points, and no three edges have a common interior point) that minimizes the number of crossings. An ε-perturbation, for every ε>0, is given by a piecewise linear map (Formula Presented), where with ||·|| is the uniform norm (i.e., sup norm). We present a polynomial-time solution for this optimization problem when G is a cycle and the map φ has no spurs (i.e., no two adjacent edges are mapped to overlapping arcs). We also show that the problem becomes NP-complete (i) when G is an arbitrary graph and φ has no spurs, and (ii) when φ may have spurs and G is a cycle or a union of disjoint paths. alternative_title: - LNCS article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Radoslav full_name: Fulek, Radoslav id: 39F3FFE4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fulek orcid: 0000-0001-8485-1774 - first_name: Csaba D. full_name: Tóth, Csaba D. last_name: Tóth citation: ama: 'Fulek R, Tóth CD. Crossing minimization in perturbed drawings. In: Vol 11282. Springer; 2018:229-241. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04414-5_16' apa: 'Fulek, R., & Tóth, C. D. (2018). Crossing minimization in perturbed drawings (Vol. 11282, pp. 229–241). Presented at the Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, Barcelona, Spain: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04414-5_16' chicago: Fulek, Radoslav, and Csaba D. Tóth. “Crossing Minimization in Perturbed Drawings,” 11282:229–41. Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04414-5_16. ieee: R. Fulek and C. D. Tóth, “Crossing minimization in perturbed drawings,” presented at the Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, Barcelona, Spain, 2018, vol. 11282, pp. 229–241. ista: Fulek R, Tóth CD. 2018. Crossing minimization in perturbed drawings. Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, LNCS, vol. 11282, 229–241. mla: Fulek, Radoslav, and Csaba D. Tóth. Crossing Minimization in Perturbed Drawings. Vol. 11282, Springer, 2018, pp. 229–41, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04414-5_16. short: R. Fulek, C.D. Tóth, in:, Springer, 2018, pp. 229–241. conference: end_date: 2018-09-28 location: Barcelona, Spain name: Graph Drawing and Network Visualization start_date: 2018-09-26 date_created: 2018-12-30T22:59:15Z date_published: 2018-12-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:49:55Z day: '18' department: - _id: UlWa doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04414-5_16 external_id: arxiv: - '1808.07608' isi: - '000672802500016' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07608 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 229-241 publication_identifier: isbn: - '9783030044138' publication_status: published publisher: Springer quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Crossing minimization in perturbed drawings type: conference user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: '11282 ' year: '2018' ... --- _id: '291' abstract: - lang: eng text: Over the past decade, the edge of chaos has proven to be a fruitful starting point for investigations of shear flows when the laminar base flow is linearly stable. Numerous computational studies of shear flows demonstrated the existence of states that separate laminar and turbulent regions of the state space. In addition, some studies determined invariant solutions that reside on this edge. In this paper, we study the unstable manifold of one such solution with the aid of continuous symmetry reduction, which we formulate here for the simultaneous quotiening of axial and azimuthal symmetries. Upon our investigation of the unstable manifold, we discover a previously unknown traveling-wave solution on the laminar-turbulent boundary with a relatively complex structure. By means of low-dimensional projections, we visualize different dynamical paths that connect these solutions to the turbulence. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the laminar-turbulent boundary exhibits qualitatively different regions whose properties are influenced by the nearby invariant solutions. article_number: '054401' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Nazmi B full_name: Budanur, Nazmi B id: 3EA1010E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Budanur orcid: 0000-0003-0423-5010 - first_name: Björn full_name: Hof, Björn id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hof orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754 citation: ama: Budanur NB, Hof B. Complexity of the laminar-turbulent boundary in pipe flow. Physical Review Fluids. 2018;3(5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.054401 apa: Budanur, N. B., & Hof, B. (2018). Complexity of the laminar-turbulent boundary in pipe flow. Physical Review Fluids. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.054401 chicago: Budanur, Nazmi B, and Björn Hof. “Complexity of the Laminar-Turbulent Boundary in Pipe Flow.” Physical Review Fluids. American Physical Society, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.054401. ieee: N. B. Budanur and B. Hof, “Complexity of the laminar-turbulent boundary in pipe flow,” Physical Review Fluids, vol. 3, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2018. ista: Budanur NB, Hof B. 2018. Complexity of the laminar-turbulent boundary in pipe flow. Physical Review Fluids. 3(5), 054401. mla: Budanur, Nazmi B., and Björn Hof. “Complexity of the Laminar-Turbulent Boundary in Pipe Flow.” Physical Review Fluids, vol. 3, no. 5, 054401, American Physical Society, 2018, doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.054401. short: N.B. Budanur, B. Hof, Physical Review Fluids 3 (2018). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:39Z date_published: 2018-05-30T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-11T12:45:44Z day: '30' department: - _id: BjHo doi: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.054401 external_id: arxiv: - '1802.01918' isi: - '000433426200001' intvolume: ' 3' isi: 1 issue: '5' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.01918 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: Physical Review Fluids publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society publist_id: '7590' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Complexity of the laminar-turbulent boundary in pipe flow type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 3 year: '2018' ...