@inproceedings{8703, abstract = {Even though Delaunay originally introduced his famous triangulations in the case of infinite point sets with translational periodicity, a software that computes such triangulations in the general case is not yet available, to the best of our knowledge. Combining and generalizing previous work, we present a practical algorithm for computing such triangulations. The algorithm has been implemented and experiments show that its performance is as good as the one of the CGAL package, which is restricted to cubic periodicity. }, author = {Osang, Georg F and Rouxel-Labbé, Mael and Teillaud, Monique}, booktitle = {28th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms}, isbn = {9783959771627}, issn = {18688969}, location = {Virtual, Online; Pisa, Italy}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Generalizing CGAL periodic Delaunay triangulations}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2020.75}, volume = {173}, year = {2020}, } @article{8163, abstract = {Fejes Tóth [3] studied approximations of smooth surfaces in three-space by piecewise flat triangular meshes with a given number of vertices on the surface that are optimal with respect to Hausdorff distance. He proves that this Hausdorff distance decreases inversely proportional with the number of vertices of the approximating mesh if the surface is convex. He also claims that this Hausdorff distance is inversely proportional to the square of the number of vertices for a specific non-convex surface, namely a one-sheeted hyperboloid of revolution bounded by two congruent circles. We refute this claim, and show that the asymptotic behavior of the Hausdorff distance is linear, that is the same as for convex surfaces.}, author = {Vegter, Gert and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {1588-2896}, journal = {Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica}, number = {2}, pages = {193--199}, publisher = {Akadémiai Kiadó}, title = {{Refutation of a claim made by Fejes Tóth on the accuracy of surface meshes}}, doi = {10.1556/012.2020.57.2.1454}, volume = {57}, year = {2020}, } @article{9157, abstract = {Representing an atom by a solid sphere in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, we get the space-filling diagram of a molecule by taking the union. Molecular dynamics simulates its motion subject to bonds and other forces, including the solvation free energy. The morphometric approach [12, 17] writes the latter as a linear combination of weighted versions of the volume, area, mean curvature, and Gaussian curvature of the space-filling diagram. We give a formula for the derivative of the weighted mean curvature. Together with the derivatives of the weighted volume in [7], the weighted area in [3], and the weighted Gaussian curvature [1], this yields the derivative of the morphometric expression of the solvation free energy.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Edelsbrunner, Herbert}, issn = {2544-7297}, journal = {Computational and Mathematical Biophysics}, number = {1}, pages = {51--67}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, title = {{The weighted mean curvature derivative of a space-filling diagram}}, doi = {10.1515/cmb-2020-0100}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, } @article{9156, abstract = {The morphometric approach [11, 14] writes the solvation free energy as a linear combination of weighted versions of the volume, area, mean curvature, and Gaussian curvature of the space-filling diagram. We give a formula for the derivative of the weighted Gaussian curvature. Together with the derivatives of the weighted volume in [7], the weighted area in [4], and the weighted mean curvature in [1], this yields the derivative of the morphometric expression of solvation free energy.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Edelsbrunner, Herbert}, issn = {2544-7297}, journal = {Computational and Mathematical Biophysics}, number = {1}, pages = {74--88}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, title = {{The weighted Gaussian curvature derivative of a space-filling diagram}}, doi = {10.1515/cmb-2020-0101}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, } @article{15064, abstract = {We call a continuous self-map that reveals itself through a discrete set of point-value pairs a sampled dynamical system. Capturing the available information with chain maps on Delaunay complexes, we use persistent homology to quantify the evidence of recurrent behavior. We establish a sampling theorem to recover the eigenspaces of the endomorphism on homology induced by the self-map. Using a combinatorial gradient flow arising from the discrete Morse theory for Čech and Delaunay complexes, we construct a chain map to transform the problem from the natural but expensive Čech complexes to the computationally efficient Delaunay triangulations. The fast chain map algorithm has applications beyond dynamical systems.}, author = {Bauer, U. and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Jablonski, Grzegorz and Mrozek, M.}, issn = {2367-1734}, journal = {Journal of Applied and Computational Topology}, number = {4}, pages = {455--480}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Čech-Delaunay gradient flow and homology inference for self-maps}}, doi = {10.1007/s41468-020-00058-8}, volume = {4}, year = {2020}, } @article{6515, abstract = {We give non-degeneracy criteria for Riemannian simplices based on simplices in spaces of constant sectional curvature. It extends previous work on Riemannian simplices, where we developed Riemannian simplices with respect to Euclidean reference simplices. The criteria we give in this article are in terms of quality measures for spaces of constant curvature that we develop here. We see that simplices in spaces that have nearly constant curvature, are already non-degenerate under very weak quality demands. This is of importance because it allows for sampling of Riemannian manifolds based on anisotropy of the manifold and not (absolute) curvature.}, author = {Dyer, Ramsay and Vegter, Gert and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {1920-180X}, journal = {Journal of Computational Geometry }, number = {1}, pages = {223–256}, publisher = {Carleton University}, title = {{Simplices modelled on spaces of constant curvature}}, doi = {10.20382/jocg.v10i1a9}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6628, abstract = {Fejes Tóth [5] and Schneider [9] studied approximations of smooth convex hypersurfaces in Euclidean space by piecewise flat triangular meshes with a given number of vertices on the hypersurface that are optimal with respect to Hausdorff distance. They proved that this Hausdorff distance decreases inversely proportional with m 2/(d−1), where m is the number of vertices and d is the dimension of Euclidean space. Moreover the pro-portionality constant can be expressed in terms of the Gaussian curvature, an intrinsic quantity. In this short note, we prove the extrinsic nature of this constant for manifolds of sufficiently high codimension. We do so by constructing an family of isometric embeddings of the flat torus in Euclidean space.}, author = {Vegter, Gert and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, booktitle = {The 31st Canadian Conference in Computational Geometry}, location = {Edmonton, Canada}, pages = {275--279}, title = {{The extrinsic nature of the Hausdorff distance of optimal triangulations of manifolds}}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6648, abstract = {Various kinds of data are routinely represented as discrete probability distributions. Examples include text documents summarized by histograms of word occurrences and images represented as histograms of oriented gradients. Viewing a discrete probability distribution as a point in the standard simplex of the appropriate dimension, we can understand collections of such objects in geometric and topological terms. Importantly, instead of using the standard Euclidean distance, we look into dissimilarity measures with information-theoretic justification, and we develop the theory needed for applying topological data analysis in this setting. In doing so, we emphasize constructions that enable the usage of existing computational topology software in this context.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Virk, Ziga and Wagner, Hubert}, booktitle = {35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry}, isbn = {9783959771047}, location = {Portland, OR, United States}, pages = {31:1--31:14}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Topological data analysis in information space}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPICS.SOCG.2019.31}, volume = {129}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6989, abstract = {When can a polyomino piece of paper be folded into a unit cube? Prior work studied tree-like polyominoes, but polyominoes with holes remain an intriguing open problem. We present sufficient conditions for a polyomino with hole(s) to fold into a cube, and conditions under which cube folding is impossible. In particular, we show that all but five special simple holes guarantee foldability. }, author = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Akitaya, Hugo A and Cheung, Kenneth C and Demaine, Erik D and Demaine, Martin L and Fekete, Sandor P and Kleist, Linda and Kostitsyna, Irina and Löffler, Maarten and Masárová, Zuzana and Mundilova, Klara and Schmidt, Christiane}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry}, location = {Edmonton, Canada}, pages = {164--170}, publisher = {Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry}, title = {{Folding polyominoes with holes into a cube}}, year = {2019}, } @article{6671, abstract = {In this paper we discuss three results. The first two concern general sets of positive reach: we first characterize the reach of a closed set by means of a bound on the metric distortion between the distance measured in the ambient Euclidean space and the shortest path distance measured in the set. Secondly, we prove that the intersection of a ball with radius less than the reach with the set is geodesically convex, meaning that the shortest path between any two points in the intersection lies itself in the intersection. For our third result we focus on manifolds with positive reach and give a bound on the angle between tangent spaces at two different points in terms of the reach and the distance between the two points.}, author = {Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel and Lieutier, André and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {2367-1734}, journal = {Journal of Applied and Computational Topology}, number = {1-2}, pages = {29–58}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The reach, metric distortion, geodesic convexity and the variation of tangent spaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s41468-019-00029-8}, volume = {3}, year = {2019}, } @article{6050, abstract = {We answer a question of David Hilbert: given two circles it is not possible in general to construct their centers using only a straightedge. On the other hand, we give infinitely many families of pairs of circles for which such construction is possible. }, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Fedorov, Roman}, journal = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society}, pages = {91--102}, publisher = {AMS}, title = {{Two circles and only a straightedge}}, doi = {10.1090/proc/14240}, volume = {147}, year = {2019}, } @article{6634, abstract = {In this paper we prove several new results around Gromov's waist theorem. We give a simple proof of Vaaler's theorem on sections of the unit cube using the Borsuk-Ulam-Crofton technique, consider waists of real and complex projective spaces, flat tori, convex bodies in Euclidean space; and establish waist-type results in terms of the Hausdorff measure.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Hubard, Alfredo and Karasev, Roman}, journal = {Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis}, number = {2}, pages = {457--490}, publisher = {Akademicka Platforma Czasopism}, title = {{Lower and upper bounds for the waists of different spaces}}, doi = {10.12775/TMNA.2019.008}, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, } @article{6756, abstract = {We study the topology generated by the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, as quantified by the number of components and holes, formally given by the Betti numbers, in the growing excursion sets. We compare CMB maps observed by the Planck satellite with a thousand simulated maps generated according to the ΛCDM paradigm with Gaussian distributed fluctuations. The comparison is multi-scale, being performed on a sequence of degraded maps with mean pixel separation ranging from 0.05 to 7.33°. The survey of the CMB over 𝕊2 is incomplete due to obfuscation effects by bright point sources and other extended foreground objects like our own galaxy. To deal with such situations, where analysis in the presence of “masks” is of importance, we introduce the concept of relative homology. The parametric χ2-test shows differences between observations and simulations, yielding p-values at percent to less than permil levels roughly between 2 and 7°, with the difference in the number of components and holes peaking at more than 3σ sporadically at these scales. The highest observed deviation between the observations and simulations for b0 and b1 is approximately between 3σ and 4σ at scales of 3–7°. There are reports of mildly unusual behaviour of the Euler characteristic at 3.66° in the literature, computed from independent measurements of the CMB temperature fluctuations by Planck’s predecessor, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite. The mildly anomalous behaviour of the Euler characteristic is phenomenologically related to the strongly anomalous behaviour of components and holes, or the zeroth and first Betti numbers, respectively. Further, since these topological descriptors show consistent anomalous behaviour over independent measurements of Planck and WMAP, instrumental and systematic errors may be an unlikely source. These are also the scales at which the observed maps exhibit low variance compared to the simulations, and approximately the range of scales at which the power spectrum exhibits a dip with respect to the theoretical model. Non-parametric tests show even stronger differences at almost all scales. Crucially, Gaussian simulations based on power-spectrum matching the characteristics of the observed dipped power spectrum are not able to resolve the anomaly. Understanding the origin of the anomalies in the CMB, whether cosmological in nature or arising due to late-time effects, is an extremely challenging task. Regardless, beyond the trivial possibility that this may still be a manifestation of an extreme Gaussian case, these observations, along with the super-horizon scales involved, may motivate the study of primordial non-Gaussianity. Alternative scenarios worth exploring may be models with non-trivial topology, including topological defect models.}, author = {Pranav, Pratyush and Adler, Robert J. and Buchert, Thomas and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Jones, Bernard J.T. and Schwartzman, Armin and Wagner, Hubert and Van De Weygaert, Rien}, issn = {14320746}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Unexpected topology of the temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201834916}, volume = {627}, year = {2019}, } @article{6793, abstract = {The Regge symmetry is a set of remarkable relations between two tetrahedra whose edge lengths are related in a simple fashion. It was first discovered as a consequence of an asymptotic formula in mathematical physics. Here, we give a simple geometric proof of Regge symmetries in Euclidean, spherical, and hyperbolic geometry.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Izmestiev, Ivan}, issn = {14692120}, journal = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {5}, pages = {765--775}, publisher = {London Mathematical Society}, title = {{The Regge symmetry, confocal conics, and the Schläfli formula}}, doi = {10.1112/blms.12276}, volume = {51}, year = {2019}, } @article{6828, abstract = {In this paper we construct a family of exact functors from the category of Whittaker modules of the simple complex Lie algebra of type to the category of finite-dimensional modules of the graded affine Hecke algebra of type . Using results of Backelin [2] and of Arakawa-Suzuki [1], we prove that these functors map standard modules to standard modules (or zero) and simple modules to simple modules (or zero). Moreover, we show that each simple module of the graded affine Hecke algebra appears as the image of a simple Whittaker module. Since the Whittaker category contains the BGG category as a full subcategory, our results generalize results of Arakawa-Suzuki [1], which in turn generalize Schur-Weyl duality between finite-dimensional representations of and representations of the symmetric group .}, author = {Brown, Adam}, issn = {0021-8693}, journal = {Journal of Algebra}, pages = {261--289}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Arakawa-Suzuki functors for Whittaker modules}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jalgebra.2019.07.027}, volume = {538}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{7216, abstract = {We present LiveTraVeL (Live Transit Vehicle Labeling), a real-time system to label a stream of noisy observations of transit vehicle trajectories with the transit routes they are serving (e.g., northbound bus #5). In order to scale efficiently to large transit networks, our system first retrieves a small set of candidate routes from a geometrically indexed data structure, then applies a fine-grained scoring step to choose the best match. Given that real-time data remains unavailable for the majority of the world’s transit agencies, these inferences can help feed a real-time map of a transit system’s trips, infer transit trip delays in real time, or measure and correct noisy transit tracking data. This system can run on vehicle observations from a variety of sources that don’t attach route information to vehicle observations, such as public imagery streams or user-contributed transit vehicle sightings.We abstract away the specifics of the sensing system and demonstrate the effectiveness of our system on a "semisynthetic" dataset of all New York City buses, where we simulate sensed trajectories by starting with fully labeled vehicle trajectories reported via the GTFS-Realtime protocol, removing the transit route IDs, and perturbing locations with synthetic noise. Using just the geometric shapes of the trajectories, we demonstrate that our system converges on the correct route ID within a few minutes, even after a vehicle switches from serving one trip to the next.}, author = {Osang, Georg F and Cook, James and Fabrikant, Alex and Gruteser, Marco}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference}, isbn = {9781538670248}, location = {Auckland, New Zealand}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{LiveTraVeL: Real-time matching of transit vehicle trajectories to transit routes at scale}}, doi = {10.1109/ITSC.2019.8917514}, year = {2019}, } @article{5678, abstract = {The order-k Voronoi tessellation of a locally finite set 𝑋⊆ℝ𝑛 decomposes ℝ𝑛 into convex domains whose points have the same k nearest neighbors in X. Assuming X is a stationary Poisson point process, we give explicit formulas for the expected number and total area of faces of a given dimension per unit volume of space. We also develop a relaxed version of discrete Morse theory and generalize by counting only faces, for which the k nearest points in X are within a given distance threshold.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Nikitenko, Anton}, issn = {14320444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, number = {4}, pages = {865–878}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Poisson–Delaunay Mosaics of Order k}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-018-0049-2}, volume = {62}, year = {2019}, } @article{6608, abstract = {We use the canonical bases produced by the tri-partition algorithm in (Edelsbrunner and Ölsböck, 2018) to open and close holes in a polyhedral complex, K. In a concrete application, we consider the Delaunay mosaic of a finite set, we let K be an Alpha complex, and we use the persistence diagram of the distance function to guide the hole opening and closing operations. The dependences between the holes define a partial order on the cells in K that characterizes what can and what cannot be constructed using the operations. The relations in this partial order reveal structural information about the underlying filtration of complexes beyond what is expressed by the persistence diagram.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Ölsböck, Katharina}, journal = {Computer Aided Geometric Design}, pages = {1--15}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Holes and dependences in an ordered complex}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cagd.2019.06.003}, volume = {73}, year = {2019}, } @unpublished{7950, abstract = {The input to the token swapping problem is a graph with vertices v1, v2, . . . , vn, and n tokens with labels 1,2, . . . , n, one on each vertex. The goal is to get token i to vertex vi for all i= 1, . . . , n using a minimum number of swaps, where a swap exchanges the tokens on the endpoints of an edge.Token swapping on a tree, also known as “sorting with a transposition tree,” is not known to be in P nor NP-complete. We present some partial results: 1. An optimum swap sequence may need to perform a swap on a leaf vertex that has the correct token (a “happy leaf”), disproving a conjecture of Vaughan. 2. Any algorithm that fixes happy leaves—as all known approximation algorithms for the problem do—has approximation factor at least 4/3. Furthermore, the two best-known 2-approximation algorithms have approximation factor exactly 2. 3. A generalized problem—weighted coloured token swapping—is NP-complete on trees, but solvable in polynomial time on paths and stars. In this version, tokens and vertices have colours, and colours have weights. The goal is to get every token to a vertex of the same colour, and the cost of a swap is the sum of the weights of the two tokens involved.}, author = {Biniaz, Ahmad and Jain, Kshitij and Lubiw, Anna and Masárová, Zuzana and Miltzow, Tillmann and Mondal, Debajyoti and Naredla, Anurag Murty and Tkadlec, Josef and Turcotte, Alexi}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Token swapping on trees}}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{188, abstract = {Smallest enclosing spheres of finite point sets are central to methods in topological data analysis. Focusing on Bregman divergences to measure dissimilarity, we prove bounds on the location of the center of a smallest enclosing sphere. These bounds depend on the range of radii for which Bregman balls are convex.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Virk, Ziga and Wagner, Hubert}, location = {Budapest, Hungary}, pages = {35:1 -- 35:13}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Smallest enclosing spheres and Chernoff points in Bregman geometry}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.35}, volume = {99}, year = {2018}, } @phdthesis{201, abstract = {We describe arrangements of three-dimensional spheres from a geometrical and topological point of view. Real data (fitting this setup) often consist of soft spheres which show certain degree of deformation while strongly packing against each other. In this context, we answer the following questions: If we model a soft packing of spheres by hard spheres that are allowed to overlap, can we measure the volume in the overlapped areas? Can we be more specific about the overlap volume, i.e. quantify how much volume is there covered exactly twice, three times, or k times? What would be a good optimization criteria that rule the arrangement of soft spheres while making a good use of the available space? Fixing a particular criterion, what would be the optimal sphere configuration? The first result of this thesis are short formulas for the computation of volumes covered by at least k of the balls. The formulas exploit information contained in the order-k Voronoi diagrams and its closely related Level-k complex. The used complexes lead to a natural generalization into poset diagrams, a theoretical formalism that contains the order-k and degree-k diagrams as special cases. In parallel, we define different criteria to determine what could be considered an optimal arrangement from a geometrical point of view. Fixing a criterion, we find optimal soft packing configurations in 2D and 3D where the ball centers lie on a lattice. As a last step, we use tools from computational topology on real physical data, to show the potentials of higher-order diagrams in the description of melting crystals. The results of the experiments leaves us with an open window to apply the theories developed in this thesis in real applications.}, author = {Iglesias Ham, Mabel}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {171}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Multiple covers with balls}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_1026}, year = {2018}, } @inproceedings{187, abstract = {Given a locally finite X ⊆ ℝd and a radius r ≥ 0, the k-fold cover of X and r consists of all points in ℝd that have k or more points of X within distance r. We consider two filtrations - one in scale obtained by fixing k and increasing r, and the other in depth obtained by fixing r and decreasing k - and we compute the persistence diagrams of both. While standard methods suffice for the filtration in scale, we need novel geometric and topological concepts for the filtration in depth. In particular, we introduce a rhomboid tiling in ℝd+1 whose horizontal integer slices are the order-k Delaunay mosaics of X, and construct a zigzag module from Delaunay mosaics that is isomorphic to the persistence module of the multi-covers. }, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Osang, Georg F}, location = {Budapest, Hungary}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{The multi-cover persistence of Euclidean balls}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2018.34}, volume = {99}, year = {2018}, } @article{692, abstract = {We consider families of confocal conics and two pencils of Apollonian circles having the same foci. We will show that these families of curves generate trivial 3-webs and find the exact formulas describing them.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy}, journal = {Geometriae Dedicata}, number = {1}, pages = {55 -- 64}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{3-Webs generated by confocal conics and circles}}, doi = {10.1007/s10711-017-0265-6}, volume = {194}, year = {2018}, } @article{58, abstract = {Inside a two-dimensional region (``cake""), there are m nonoverlapping tiles of a certain kind (``toppings""). We want to expand the toppings while keeping them nonoverlapping, and possibly add some blank pieces of the same ``certain kind,"" such that the entire cake is covered. How many blanks must we add? We study this question in several cases: (1) The cake and toppings are general polygons. (2) The cake and toppings are convex figures. (3) The cake and toppings are axis-parallel rectangles. (4) The cake is an axis-parallel rectilinear polygon and the toppings are axis-parallel rectangles. In all four cases, we provide tight bounds on the number of blanks.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Segal Halevi, Erel}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics}, number = {3}, pages = {2242 -- 2257}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics }, title = {{Counting blanks in polygonal arrangements}}, doi = {10.1137/16M110407X}, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, } @article{458, abstract = {We consider congruences of straight lines in a plane with the combinatorics of the square grid, with all elementary quadrilaterals possessing an incircle. It is shown that all the vertices of such nets (we call them incircular or IC-nets) lie on confocal conics. Our main new results are on checkerboard IC-nets in the plane. These are congruences of straight lines in the plane with the combinatorics of the square grid, combinatorially colored as a checkerboard, such that all black coordinate quadrilaterals possess inscribed circles. We show how this larger class of IC-nets appears quite naturally in Laguerre geometry of oriented planes and spheres and leads to new remarkable incidence theorems. Most of our results are valid in hyperbolic and spherical geometries as well. We present also generalizations in spaces of higher dimension, called checkerboard IS-nets. The construction of these nets is based on a new 9 inspheres incidence theorem.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Bobenko, Alexander}, journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, number = {4}, pages = {2825 -- 2854}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, title = {{Incircular nets and confocal conics}}, doi = {10.1090/tran/7292}, volume = {370}, year = {2018}, } @article{106, abstract = {The goal of this article is to introduce the reader to the theory of intrinsic geometry of convex surfaces. We illustrate the power of the tools by proving a theorem on convex surfaces containing an arbitrarily long closed simple geodesic. Let us remind ourselves that a curve in a surface is called geodesic if every sufficiently short arc of the curve is length minimizing; if, in addition, it has no self-intersections, we call it simple geodesic. A tetrahedron with equal opposite edges is called isosceles. The axiomatic method of Alexandrov geometry allows us to work with the metrics of convex surfaces directly, without approximating it first by a smooth or polyhedral metric. Such approximations destroy the closed geodesics on the surface; therefore it is difficult (if at all possible) to apply approximations in the proof of our theorem. On the other hand, a proof in the smooth or polyhedral case usually admits a translation into Alexandrov’s language; such translation makes the result more general. In fact, our proof resembles a translation of the proof given by Protasov. Note that the main theorem implies in particular that a smooth convex surface does not have arbitrarily long simple closed geodesics. However we do not know a proof of this corollary that is essentially simpler than the one presented below.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Petrunin, Anton}, journal = {Mathematical Intelligencer}, number = {3}, pages = {26 -- 31}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Long geodesics on convex surfaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s00283-018-9795-5}, volume = {40}, year = {2018}, } @article{530, abstract = {Inclusion–exclusion is an effective method for computing the volume of a union of measurable sets. We extend it to multiple coverings, proving short inclusion–exclusion formulas for the subset of Rn covered by at least k balls in a finite set. We implement two of the formulas in dimension n=3 and report on results obtained with our software.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Iglesias Ham, Mabel}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, pages = {119 -- 133}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Multiple covers with balls I: Inclusion–exclusion}}, doi = {10.1016/j.comgeo.2017.06.014}, volume = {68}, year = {2018}, } @inproceedings{193, abstract = {We show attacks on five data-independent memory-hard functions (iMHF) that were submitted to the password hashing competition (PHC). Informally, an MHF is a function which cannot be evaluated on dedicated hardware, like ASICs, at significantly lower hardware and/or energy cost than evaluating a single instance on a standard single-core architecture. Data-independent means the memory access pattern of the function is independent of the input; this makes iMHFs harder to construct than data-dependent ones, but the latter can be attacked by various side-channel attacks. Following [Alwen-Blocki'16], we capture the evaluation of an iMHF as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The cumulative parallel pebbling complexity of this DAG is a measure for the hardware cost of evaluating the iMHF on an ASIC. Ideally, one would like the complexity of a DAG underlying an iMHF to be as close to quadratic in the number of nodes of the graph as possible. Instead, we show that (the DAGs underlying) the following iMHFs are far from this bound: Rig.v2, TwoCats and Gambit each having an exponent no more than 1.75. Moreover, we show that the complexity of the iMHF modes of the PHC finalists Pomelo and Lyra2 have exponents at most 1.83 and 1.67 respectively. To show this we investigate a combinatorial property of each underlying DAG (called its depth-robustness. By establishing upper bounds on this property we are then able to apply the general technique of [Alwen-Block'16] for analyzing the hardware costs of an iMHF.}, author = {Alwen, Joel F and Gazi, Peter and Kamath Hosdurg, Chethan and Klein, Karen and Osang, Georg F and Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z and Reyzin, Lenoid and Rolinek, Michal and Rybar, Michal}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communication Security}, location = {Incheon, Republic of Korea}, pages = {51 -- 65}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{On the memory hardness of data independent password hashing functions}}, doi = {10.1145/3196494.3196534}, year = {2018}, } @article{312, abstract = {Motivated by biological questions, we study configurations of equal spheres that neither pack nor cover. Placing their centers on a lattice, we define the soft density of the configuration by penalizing multiple overlaps. Considering the 1-parameter family of diagonally distorted 3-dimensional integer lattices, we show that the soft density is maximized at the FCC lattice.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Iglesias Ham, Mabel}, issn = {08954801}, journal = {SIAM J Discrete Math}, number = {1}, pages = {750 -- 782}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics }, title = {{On the optimality of the FCC lattice for soft sphere packing}}, doi = {10.1137/16M1097201}, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, } @article{409, abstract = {We give a simple proof of T. Stehling's result [4], whereby in any normal tiling of the plane with convex polygons with number of sides not less than six, all tiles except a finite number are hexagons.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy}, issn = {1631073X}, journal = {Comptes Rendus Mathematique}, number = {4}, pages = {412--414}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{On the number of non-hexagons in a planar tiling}}, doi = {10.1016/j.crma.2018.03.005}, volume = {356}, year = {2018}, } @article{87, abstract = {Using the geodesic distance on the n-dimensional sphere, we study the expected radius function of the Delaunay mosaic of a random set of points. Specifically, we consider the partition of the mosaic into intervals of the radius function and determine the expected number of intervals whose radii are less than or equal to a given threshold. We find that the expectations are essentially the same as for the Poisson–Delaunay mosaic in n-dimensional Euclidean space. Assuming the points are not contained in a hemisphere, the Delaunay mosaic is isomorphic to the boundary complex of the convex hull in Rn+1, so we also get the expected number of faces of a random inscribed polytope. As proved in Antonelli et al. [Adv. in Appl. Probab. 9–12 (1977–1980)], an orthant section of the n-sphere is isometric to the standard n-simplex equipped with the Fisher information metric. It follows that the latter space has similar stochastic properties as the n-dimensional Euclidean space. Our results are therefore relevant in information geometry and in population genetics.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Nikitenko, Anton}, journal = {Annals of Applied Probability}, number = {5}, pages = {3215 -- 3238}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Random inscribed polytopes have similar radius functions as Poisson-Delaunay mosaics}}, doi = {10.1214/18-AAP1389}, volume = {28}, year = {2018}, } @article{6355, abstract = {We prove that any cyclic quadrilateral can be inscribed in any closed convex C1-curve. The smoothness condition is not required if the quadrilateral is a rectangle.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Avvakumov, Sergey}, issn = {2050-5094}, journal = {Forum of Mathematics, Sigma}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Any cyclic quadrilateral can be inscribed in any closed convex smooth curve}}, doi = {10.1017/fms.2018.7}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, } @article{1064, abstract = {In 1945, A.W. Goodman and R.E. Goodman proved the following conjecture by P. Erdős: Given a family of (round) disks of radii r1, … , rn in the plane, it is always possible to cover them by a disk of radius R= ∑ ri, provided they cannot be separated into two subfamilies by a straight line disjoint from the disks. In this note we show that essentially the same idea may work for different analogues and generalizations of their result. In particular, we prove the following: Given a family of positive homothetic copies of a fixed convex body K⊂ Rd with homothety coefficients τ1, … , τn> 0 , it is always possible to cover them by a translate of d+12(∑τi)K, provided they cannot be separated into two subfamilies by a hyperplane disjoint from the homothets.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Balitskiy, Alexey and Grigorev, Mikhail}, issn = {14320444}, journal = {Discrete & Computational Geometry}, number = {4}, pages = {1001--1009}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{On the circle covering theorem by A.W. Goodman and R.E. Goodman}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-017-9883-x}, volume = {59}, year = {2018}, } @unpublished{75, abstract = {We prove that any convex body in the plane can be partitioned into m convex parts of equal areas and perimeters for any integer m≥2; this result was previously known for prime powers m=pk. We also give a higher-dimensional generalization.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Avvakumov, Sergey and Karasev, Roman}, publisher = {arXiv}, title = {{Convex fair partitions into arbitrary number of pieces}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1804.03057}, year = {2018}, } @article{481, abstract = {We introduce planar matchings on directed pseudo-line arrangements, which yield a planar set of pseudo-line segments such that only matching-partners are adjacent. By translating the planar matching problem into a corresponding stable roommates problem we show that such matchings always exist. Using our new framework, we establish, for the first time, a complete, rigorous definition of weighted straight skeletons, which are based on a so-called wavefront propagation process. We present a generalized and unified approach to treat structural changes in the wavefront that focuses on the restoration of weak planarity by finding planar matchings.}, author = {Biedl, Therese and Huber, Stefan and Palfrader, Peter}, journal = {International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications}, number = {3-4}, pages = {211 -- 229}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, title = {{Planar matchings for weighted straight skeletons}}, doi = {10.1142/S0218195916600050}, volume = {26}, year = {2017}, } @article{521, abstract = {Let X and Y be proper metric spaces. We show that a coarsely n-to-1 map f:X→Y induces an n-to-1 map of Higson coronas. This viewpoint turns out to be successful in showing that the classical dimension raising theorems hold in large scale; that is, if f:X→Y is a coarsely n-to-1 map between proper metric spaces X and Y then asdim(Y)≤asdim(X)+n−1. Furthermore we introduce coarsely open coarsely n-to-1 maps, which include the natural quotient maps via a finite group action, and prove that they preserve the asymptotic dimension.}, author = {Austin, Kyle and Virk, Ziga}, issn = {01668641}, journal = {Topology and its Applications}, pages = {45 -- 57}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Higson compactification and dimension raising}}, doi = {10.1016/j.topol.2016.10.005}, volume = {215}, year = {2017}, } @article{568, abstract = {We study robust properties of zero sets of continuous maps f: X → ℝn. Formally, we analyze the family Z< r(f) := (g-1(0): ||g - f|| < r) of all zero sets of all continuous maps g closer to f than r in the max-norm. All of these sets are outside A := (x: |f(x)| ≥ r) and we claim that Z< r(f) is fully determined by A and an element of a certain cohomotopy group which (by a recent result) is computable whenever the dimension of X is at most 2n - 3. By considering all r > 0 simultaneously, the pointed cohomotopy groups form a persistence module-a structure leading to persistence diagrams as in the case of persistent homology or well groups. Eventually, we get a descriptor of persistent robust properties of zero sets that has better descriptive power (Theorem A) and better computability status (Theorem B) than the established well diagrams. Moreover, if we endow every point of each zero set with gradients of the perturbation, the robust description of the zero sets by elements of cohomotopy groups is in some sense the best possible (Theorem C).}, author = {Franek, Peter and Krcál, Marek}, issn = {15320073}, journal = {Homology, Homotopy and Applications}, number = {2}, pages = {313 -- 342}, publisher = {International Press}, title = {{Persistence of zero sets}}, doi = {10.4310/HHA.2017.v19.n2.a16}, volume = {19}, year = {2017}, } @inbook{5803, abstract = {Different distance metrics produce Voronoi diagrams with different properties. It is a well-known that on the (real) 2D plane or even on any 3D plane, a Voronoi diagram (VD) based on the Euclidean distance metric produces convex Voronoi regions. In this paper, we first show that this metric produces a persistent VD on the 2D digital plane, as it comprises digitally convex Voronoi regions and hence correctly approximates the corresponding VD on the 2D real plane. Next, we show that on a 3D digital plane D, the Euclidean metric spanning over its voxel set does not guarantee a digital VD which is persistent with the real-space VD. As a solution, we introduce a novel concept of functional-plane-convexity, which is ensured by the Euclidean metric spanning over the pedal set of D. Necessary proofs and some visual result have been provided to adjudge the merit and usefulness of the proposed concept.}, author = {Biswas, Ranita and Bhowmick, Partha}, booktitle = {Combinatorial image analysis}, isbn = {978-3-319-59107-0}, issn = {0302-9743}, location = {Plovdiv, Bulgaria}, pages = {93--104}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Construction of persistent Voronoi diagram on 3D digital plane}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-59108-7_8}, volume = {10256}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{688, abstract = {We show that the framework of topological data analysis can be extended from metrics to general Bregman divergences, widening the scope of possible applications. Examples are the Kullback - Leibler divergence, which is commonly used for comparing text and images, and the Itakura - Saito divergence, popular for speech and sound. In particular, we prove that appropriately generalized čech and Delaunay (alpha) complexes capture the correct homotopy type, namely that of the corresponding union of Bregman balls. Consequently, their filtrations give the correct persistence diagram, namely the one generated by the uniformly growing Bregman balls. Moreover, we show that unlike the metric setting, the filtration of Vietoris-Rips complexes may fail to approximate the persistence diagram. We propose algorithms to compute the thus generalized čech, Vietoris-Rips and Delaunay complexes and experimentally test their efficiency. Lastly, we explain their surprisingly good performance by making a connection with discrete Morse theory. }, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Wagner, Hubert}, issn = {18688969}, location = {Brisbane, Australia}, pages = {391--3916}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Topological data analysis with Bregman divergences}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.39}, volume = {77}, year = {2017}, } @article{707, abstract = {We answer a question of M. Gromov on the waist of the unit ball.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Karasev, Roman}, issn = {00246093}, journal = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {4}, pages = {690 -- 693}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, title = {{A tight estimate for the waist of the ball }}, doi = {10.1112/blms.12062}, volume = {49}, year = {2017}, } @article{718, abstract = {Mapping every simplex in the Delaunay mosaic of a discrete point set to the radius of the smallest empty circumsphere gives a generalized discrete Morse function. Choosing the points from a Poisson point process in ℝ n , we study the expected number of simplices in the Delaunay mosaic as well as the expected number of critical simplices and nonsingular intervals in the corresponding generalized discrete gradient. Observing connections with other probabilistic models, we obtain precise expressions for the expected numbers in low dimensions. In particular, we obtain the expected numbers of simplices in the Poisson–Delaunay mosaic in dimensions n ≤ 4.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Nikitenko, Anton and Reitzner, Matthias}, issn = {00018678}, journal = {Advances in Applied Probability}, number = {3}, pages = {745 -- 767}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Expected sizes of poisson Delaunay mosaics and their discrete Morse functions}}, doi = {10.1017/apr.2017.20}, volume = {49}, year = {2017}, } @phdthesis{6287, abstract = {The main objects considered in the present work are simplicial and CW-complexes with vertices forming a random point cloud. In particular, we consider a Poisson point process in R^n and study Delaunay and Voronoi complexes of the first and higher orders and weighted Delaunay complexes obtained as sections of Delaunay complexes, as well as the Čech complex. Further, we examine theDelaunay complex of a Poisson point process on the sphere S^n, as well as of a uniform point cloud, which is equivalent to the convex hull, providing a connection to the theory of random polytopes. Each of the complexes in question can be endowed with a radius function, which maps its cells to the radii of appropriately chosen circumspheres, called the radius of the cell. Applying and developing discrete Morse theory for these functions, joining it together with probabilistic and sometimes analytic machinery, and developing several integral geometric tools, we aim at getting the distributions of circumradii of typical cells. For all considered complexes, we are able to generalize and obtain up to constants the distribution of radii of typical intervals of all types. In low dimensions the constants can be computed explicitly, thus providing the explicit expressions for the expected numbers of cells. In particular, it allows to find the expected density of simplices of every dimension for a Poisson point process in R^4, whereas the result for R^3 was known already in 1970's.}, author = {Nikitenko, Anton}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {86}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Discrete Morse theory for random complexes }}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:th_873}, year = {2017}, } @article{1433, abstract = {Phat is an open-source C. ++ library for the computation of persistent homology by matrix reduction, targeted towards developers of software for topological data analysis. We aim for a simple generic design that decouples algorithms from data structures without sacrificing efficiency or user-friendliness. We provide numerous different reduction strategies as well as data types to store and manipulate the boundary matrix. We compare the different combinations through extensive experimental evaluation and identify optimization techniques that work well in practical situations. We also compare our software with various other publicly available libraries for persistent homology.}, author = {Bauer, Ulrich and Kerber, Michael and Reininghaus, Jan and Wagner, Hubert}, issn = { 07477171}, journal = {Journal of Symbolic Computation}, pages = {76 -- 90}, publisher = {Academic Press}, title = {{Phat - Persistent homology algorithms toolbox}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsc.2016.03.008}, volume = {78}, year = {2017}, } @article{1180, abstract = {In this article we define an algebraic vertex of a generalized polyhedron and show that the set of algebraic vertices is the smallest set of points needed to define the polyhedron. We prove that the indicator function of a generalized polytope P is a linear combination of indicator functions of simplices whose vertices are algebraic vertices of P. We also show that the indicator function of any generalized polyhedron is a linear combination, with integer coefficients, of indicator functions of cones with apices at algebraic vertices and line-cones. The concept of an algebraic vertex is closely related to the Fourier–Laplace transform. We show that a point v is an algebraic vertex of a generalized polyhedron P if and only if the tangent cone of P, at v, has non-zero Fourier–Laplace transform.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Bárány, Imre and Robins, Sinai}, issn = {00018708}, journal = {Advances in Mathematics}, pages = {627 -- 644}, publisher = {Academic Press}, title = {{Algebraic vertices of non-convex polyhedra}}, doi = {10.1016/j.aim.2016.12.026}, volume = {308}, year = {2017}, } @article{1173, abstract = {We introduce the Voronoi functional of a triangulation of a finite set of points in the Euclidean plane and prove that among all geometric triangulations of the point set, the Delaunay triangulation maximizes the functional. This result neither extends to topological triangulations in the plane nor to geometric triangulations in three and higher dimensions.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Glazyrin, Alexey and Musin, Oleg and Nikitenko, Anton}, issn = {02099683}, journal = {Combinatorica}, number = {5}, pages = {887 -- 910}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{The Voronoi functional is maximized by the Delaunay triangulation in the plane}}, doi = {10.1007/s00493-016-3308-y}, volume = {37}, year = {2017}, } @article{1072, abstract = {Given a finite set of points in Rn and a radius parameter, we study the Čech, Delaunay–Čech, Delaunay (or alpha), and Wrap complexes in the light of generalized discrete Morse theory. Establishing the Čech and Delaunay complexes as sublevel sets of generalized discrete Morse functions, we prove that the four complexes are simple-homotopy equivalent by a sequence of simplicial collapses, which are explicitly described by a single discrete gradient field.}, author = {Bauer, Ulrich and Edelsbrunner, Herbert}, journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, number = {5}, pages = {3741 -- 3762}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, title = {{The Morse theory of Čech and delaunay complexes}}, doi = {10.1090/tran/6991}, volume = {369}, year = {2017}, } @article{1065, abstract = {We consider the problem of reachability in pushdown graphs. We study the problem for pushdown graphs with constant treewidth. Even for pushdown graphs with treewidth 1, for the reachability problem we establish the following: (i) the problem is PTIME-complete, and (ii) any subcubic algorithm for the problem would contradict the k-clique conjecture and imply faster combinatorial algorithms for cliques in graphs.}, author = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Osang, Georg F}, issn = {00200190}, journal = {Information Processing Letters}, pages = {25 -- 29}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Pushdown reachability with constant treewidth}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ipl.2017.02.003}, volume = {122}, year = {2017}, } @article{1022, abstract = {We introduce a multiscale topological description of the Megaparsec web-like cosmic matter distribution. Betti numbers and topological persistence offer a powerful means of describing the rich connectivity structure of the cosmic web and of its multiscale arrangement of matter and galaxies. Emanating from algebraic topology and Morse theory, Betti numbers and persistence diagrams represent an extension and deepening of the cosmologically familiar topological genus measure and the related geometric Minkowski functionals. In addition to a description of the mathematical background, this study presents the computational procedure for computing Betti numbers and persistence diagrams for density field filtrations. The field may be computed starting from a discrete spatial distribution of galaxies or simulation particles. The main emphasis of this study concerns an extensive and systematic exploration of the imprint of different web-like morphologies and different levels of multiscale clustering in the corresponding computed Betti numbers and persistence diagrams. To this end, we use Voronoi clustering models as templates for a rich variety of web-like configurations and the fractal-like Soneira-Peebles models exemplify a range of multiscale configurations. We have identified the clear imprint of cluster nodes, filaments, walls, and voids in persistence diagrams, along with that of the nested hierarchy of structures in multiscale point distributions. We conclude by outlining the potential of persistent topology for understanding the connectivity structure of the cosmic web, in large simulations of cosmic structure formation and in the challenging context of the observed galaxy distribution in large galaxy surveys.}, author = {Pranav, Pratyush and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Van De Weygaert, Rien and Vegter, Gert and Kerber, Michael and Jones, Bernard and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {00358711}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, pages = {4281 -- 4310}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{The topology of the cosmic web in terms of persistent Betti numbers}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stw2862}, volume = {465}, year = {2017}, } @article{737, abstract = {We generalize Brazas’ topology on the fundamental group to the whole universal path space X˜ i.e., to the set of homotopy classes of all based paths. We develop basic properties of the new notion and provide a complete comparison of the obtained topology with the established topologies, in particular with the Lasso topology and the CO topology, i.e., the topology that is induced by the compact-open topology. It turns out that the new topology is the finest topology contained in the CO topology, for which the action of the fundamental group on the universal path space is a continuous group action.}, author = {Virk, Ziga and Zastrow, Andreas}, issn = {01668641}, journal = {Topology and its Applications}, pages = {186 -- 196}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{A new topology on the universal path space}}, doi = {10.1016/j.topol.2017.09.015}, volume = {231}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{836, abstract = {Recent research has examined how to study the topological features of a continuous self-map by means of the persistence of the eigenspaces, for given eigenvalues, of the endomorphism induced in homology over a field. This raised the question of how to select dynamically significant eigenvalues. The present paper aims to answer this question, giving an algorithm that computes the persistence of eigenspaces for every eigenvalue simultaneously, also expressing said eigenspaces as direct sums of “finite” and “singular” subspaces.}, author = {Ethier, Marc and Jablonski, Grzegorz and Mrozek, Marian}, booktitle = {Special Sessions in Applications of Computer Algebra}, isbn = {978-331956930-7}, location = {Kalamata, Greece}, pages = {119 -- 136}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Finding eigenvalues of self-maps with the Kronecker canonical form}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-56932-1_8}, volume = {198}, year = {2017}, }