TY - JOUR AB - A graph G=(V, E) is called fully regular if for every independent set I c V, the number of vertices in V\I that are not connected to any element of I depends only on the size of I. A linear ordering of the vertices of G is called successive if for every i, the first i vertices induce a connected subgraph of G. We give an explicit formula for the number of successive vertex orderings of a fully regular graph. As an application of our results, we give alternative proofs of two theorems of Stanley and Gao & Peng, determining the number of linear edge orderings of complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs, respectively, with the property that the first i edges induce a connected subgraph. As another application, we give a simple product formula for the number of linear orderings of the hyperedges of a complete 3-partite 3-uniform hypergraph such that, for every i, the first i hyperedges induce a connected subgraph. We found similar formulas for complete (non-partite) 3-uniform hypergraphs and in another closely related case, but we managed to verify them only when the number of vertices is small. AU - Fang, Lixing AU - Huang, Hao AU - Pach, János AU - Tardos, Gábor AU - Zuo, Junchi ID - 13165 IS - 10 JF - Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A SN - 0097-3165 TI - Successive vertex orderings of fully regular graphs VL - 199 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Motivated by recent applications to entropy theory in dynamical systems, we generalise notions introduced by Matthews and define weakly weighted and componentwise weakly weighted (generalised) quasi-metrics. We then systematise and extend to full generality the correspondences between these objects and other structures arising in theoretical computer science and dynamics. In particular, we study the correspondences with weak partial metrics and, if the underlying space is a semilattice, with invariant (generalised) quasi-metrics satisfying the descending path condition, and with strictly monotone semi(-co-)valuations. We conclude discussing, for endomorphisms of generalised quasi-metric semilattices, a generalisation of both the known intrinsic semilattice entropy and the semigroup entropy. AU - Castellano, Ilaria AU - Giordano Bruno, Anna AU - Zava, Nicolò ID - 14362 JF - Theoretical Computer Science SN - 0304-3975 TI - Weakly weighted generalised quasi-metric spaces and semilattices VL - 977 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We characterize critical points of 1-dimensional maps paired in persistent homology geometrically and this way get elementary proofs of theorems about the symmetry of persistence diagrams and the variation of such maps. In particular, we identify branching points and endpoints of networks as the sole source of asymmetry and relate the cycle basis in persistent homology with a version of the stable marriage problem. Our analysis provides the foundations of fast algorithms for maintaining a collection of sorted lists together with its persistence diagram. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera Di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 13182 JF - Journal of Applied and Computational Topology SN - 2367-1726 TI - Geometric characterization of the persistence of 1D maps ER - TY - THES AB - We introduce the notion of a Faustian interchange in a 1-parameter family of smooth functions to generalize the medial axis to critical points of index larger than 0. We construct and implement a general purpose algorithm for approximating such generalized medial axes. AU - Stephenson, Elizabeth R ID - 14226 SN - 2791-4585 TI - Generalizing medial axes with homology switches ER - TY - CONF AB - The medial axis of a set consists of the points in the ambient space without a unique closest point on the original set. Since its introduction, the medial axis has been used extensively in many applications as a method of computing a topologically equivalent skeleton. Unfortunately, one limiting factor in the use of the medial axis of a smooth manifold is that it is not necessarily topologically stable under small perturbations of the manifold. To counter these instabilities various prunings of the medial axis have been proposed. Here, we examine one type of pruning, called burning. Because of the good experimental results, it was hoped that the burning method of simplifying the medial axis would be stable. In this work we show a simple example that dashes such hopes based on Bing’s house with two rooms, demonstrating an isotopy of a shape where the medial axis goes from collapsible to non-collapsible. AU - Chambers, Erin AU - Fillmore, Christopher D AU - Stephenson, Elizabeth R AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ED - Goaoc, Xavier ED - Kerber, Michael ID - 11428 SN - 1868-8969 T2 - 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry TI - A cautionary tale: Burning the medial axis is unstable VL - 224 ER - TY - BOOK AB - This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2022, held in Konstanz, Germany, in April 2022. The 7 full papers presented together with 6 short papers in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 16 submissions. The papers cover topics that range from mobile GIS and Location-Based Services to Spatial Information Retrieval and Wireless Sensor Networks. ED - Karimipour, Farid ED - Storandt, Sabine ID - 11429 SN - 0302-9743 TI - Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems VL - 13238 ER - TY - CHAP AB - To compute the persistent homology of a grayscale digital image one needs to build a simplicial or cubical complex from it. For cubical complexes, the two commonly used constructions (corresponding to direct and indirect digital adjacencies) can give different results for the same image. The two constructions are almost dual to each other, and we use this relationship to extend and modify the cubical complexes to become dual filtered cell complexes. We derive a general relationship between the persistent homology of two dual filtered cell complexes, and also establish how various modifications to a filtered complex change the persistence diagram. Applying these results to images, we derive a method to transform the persistence diagram computed using one type of cubical complex into a persistence diagram for the other construction. This means software for computing persistent homology from images can now be easily adapted to produce results for either of the two cubical complex constructions without additional low-level code implementation. AU - Bleile, Bea AU - Garin, Adélie AU - Heiss, Teresa AU - Maggs, Kelly AU - Robins, Vanessa ED - Gasparovic, Ellen ED - Robins, Vanessa ED - Turner, Katharine ID - 11440 SN - 9783030955182 T2 - Research in Computational Topology 2 TI - The persistent homology of dual digital image constructions VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Point-set topology is among the most abstract branches of mathematics in that it lacks tangible notions of distance, length, magnitude, order, and size. There is no shape, no geometry, no algebra, and no direction. Everything we are used to visualizing is gone. In the teaching and learning of mathematics, this can present a conundrum. Yet, this very property makes point set topology perfect for teaching and learning abstract mathematical concepts. It clears our minds of preconceived intuitions and expectations and forces us to think in new and creative ways. In this paper, we present guided investigations into topology through questions and thinking strategies that open up fascinating problems. They are intended for faculty who already teach or are thinking about teaching a class in topology or abstract mathematical reasoning for undergraduates. They can be used to build simple to challenging projects in topology, proofs, honors programs, and research experiences. AU - Shipman, Barbara A. AU - Stephenson, Elizabeth R ID - 12307 IS - 5 JF - PRIMUS KW - Education KW - General Mathematics SN - 1051-1970 TI - Tangible topology through the lens of limits VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A matching is compatible to two or more labeled point sets of size n with labels {1, . . . , n} if its straight-line drawing on each of these point sets is crossing-free. We study the maximum number of edges in a matching compatible to two or more labeled point sets in general position in the plane. We show that for any two labeled sets of n points in convex position there exists a compatible matching with ⌊√2n + 1 − 1⌋ edges. More generally, for any ℓ labeled point sets we construct compatible matchings of size Ω(n1/ℓ). As a corresponding upper bound, we use probabilistic arguments to show that for any ℓ given sets of n points there exists a labeling of each set such that the largest compatible matching has O(n2/(ℓ+1)) edges. Finally, we show that Θ(log n) copies of any set of n points are necessary and sufficient for the existence of labelings of these point sets such that any compatible matching consists only of a single edge. AU - Aichholzer, Oswin AU - Arroyo Guevara, Alan M AU - Masárová, Zuzana AU - Parada, Irene AU - Perz, Daniel AU - Pilz, Alexander AU - Tkadlec, Josef AU - Vogtenhuber, Birgit ID - 11938 IS - 2 JF - Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications SN - 1526-1719 TI - On compatible matchings VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Isomanifolds are the generalization of isosurfaces to arbitrary dimension and codimension, i.e. manifolds defined as the zero set of some multivariate vector-valued smooth function f : Rd → Rd−n. A natural (and efficient) way to approximate an isomanifold is to consider its Piecewise-Linear (PL) approximation based on a triangulation T of the ambient space Rd. In this paper, we give conditions under which the PL-approximation of an isomanifold is topologically equivalent to the isomanifold. The conditions are easy to satisfy in the sense that they can always be met by taking a sufficiently fine triangulation T . This contrasts with previous results on the triangulation of manifolds where, in arbitrary dimensions, delicate perturbations are needed to guarantee topological correctness, which leads to strong limitations in practice. We further give a bound on the Fréchet distance between the original isomanifold and its PL-approximation. Finally we show analogous results for the PL-approximation of an isomanifold with boundary. AU - Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 9649 JF - Foundations of Computational Mathematics TI - The topological correctness of PL approximations of isomanifolds VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Motivated by the recent introduction of the intrinsic semilattice entropy, we study generalized quasi-metric semilattices and their categories. We investigate the relationship between these objects and generalized semivaluations, extending Nakamura and Schellekens' approach. Finally, we use this correspondence to compare the intrinsic semilattice entropy and the semigroup entropy induced in particular situations, like sets, torsion abelian groups and vector spaces. AU - Dikranjan, Dikran AU - Giordano Bruno, Anna AU - Künzi, Hans Peter AU - Zava, Nicolò AU - Toller, Daniele ID - 10413 JF - Topology and its Applications SN - 0166-8641 TI - Generalized quasi-metric semilattices VL - 309 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Voronoi tessellation in Rd is defined by locally minimizing the power distance to given weighted points. Symmetrically, the Delaunay mosaic can be defined by locally maximizing the negative power distance to other such points. We prove that the average of the two piecewise quadratic functions is piecewise linear, and that all three functions have the same critical points and values. Discretizing the two piecewise quadratic functions, we get the alpha shapes as sublevel sets of the discrete function on the Delaunay mosaic, and analogous shapes as superlevel sets of the discrete function on the Voronoi tessellation. For the same non-critical value, the corresponding shapes are disjoint, separated by a narrow channel that contains no critical points but the entire level set of the piecewise linear function. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera Di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 10773 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - Continuous and discrete radius functions on Voronoi tessellations and Delaunay mosaics VL - 67 ER - TY - CONF AB - Digital images enable quantitative analysis of material properties at micro and macro length scales, but choosing an appropriate resolution when acquiring the image is challenging. A high resolution means longer image acquisition and larger data requirements for a given sample, but if the resolution is too low, significant information may be lost. This paper studies the impact of changes in resolution on persistent homology, a tool from topological data analysis that provides a signature of structure in an image across all length scales. Given prior information about a function, the geometry of an object, or its density distribution at a given resolution, we provide methods to select the coarsest resolution yielding results within an acceptable tolerance. We present numerical case studies for an illustrative synthetic example and samples from porous materials where the theoretical bounds are unknown. AU - Heiss, Teresa AU - Tymochko, Sarah AU - Story, Brittany AU - Garin, Adélie AU - Bui, Hoa AU - Bleile, Bea AU - Robins, Vanessa ID - 10828 SN - 9781665439022 T2 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data TI - The impact of changes in resolution on the persistent homology of images ER - TY - JOUR AB - We classify contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules over a complex semisimple Lie algebra. These contravariant pairings are useful in extending several classical techniques for category O to the Miličić–Soergel category N . We introduce a class of costandard modules which generalize dual Verma modules, and describe canonical maps from standard to costandard modules in terms of contravariant pairings. We show that costandard modules have unique irreducible submodules and share the same composition factors as the corresponding standard Whittaker modules. We show that costandard modules give an algebraic characterization of the global sections of costandard twisted Harish-Chandra sheaves on the associated flag variety, which are defined using holonomic duality of D-modules. We prove that with these costandard modules, blocks of category N have the structure of highest weight categories and we establish a BGG reciprocity theorem for N . AU - Brown, Adam AU - Romanov, Anna ID - 11545 IS - 11 JF - Journal of Algebra KW - Algebra and Number Theory SN - 0021-8693 TI - Contravariant pairings between standard Whittaker modules and Verma modules VL - 609 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Targeting dysregulated Ca2+ signaling in cancer cells is an emerging chemotherapy approach. We previously reported that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) blockers, such as RP4010, are promising antitumor drugs for esophageal cancer. As a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), afatinib received FDA approval to be used in targeted therapy for patients with EGFR mutation-positive cancers. While preclinical studies and clinical trials have shown that afatinib has benefits for esophageal cancer patients, it is not known whether a combination of afatinib and RP4010 could achieve better anticancer effects. Since TKI can alter intracellular Ca2+ dynamics through EGFR/phospholipase C-γ pathway, in this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of afatinib and RP4010 on intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in KYSE-150, a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, using both experimental and mathematical simulations. Our mathematical simulation of Ca2+ oscillations could fit well with experimental data responding to afatinib or RP4010, both separately or in combination. Guided by simulation, we were able to identify a proper ratio of afatinib and RP4010 for combined treatment, and such a combination presented synergistic anticancer-effect evidence by experimental measurement of intracellular Ca2+ and cell proliferation. This intracellular Ca2+ dynamic-based mathematical simulation approach could be useful for a rapid and cost-effective evaluation of combined targeting therapy drugs. AU - Chang, Yan AU - Funk, Marah AU - Roy, Souvik AU - Stephenson, Elizabeth R AU - Choi, Sangyong AU - Kojouharov, Hristo V. AU - Chen, Benito AU - Pan, Zui ID - 10754 IS - 3 JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences SN - 16616596 TI - Developing a mathematical model of intracellular Calcium dynamics for evaluating combined anticancer effects of afatinib and RP4010 in esophageal cancer VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extending a result of Milena Radnovic and Serge Tabachnikov, we establish conditionsfor two different non-symmetric norms to define the same billiard reflection law. AU - Akopyan, Arseniy AU - Karasev, Roman ID - 7791 IS - 4 JF - European Journal of Mathematics SN - 2199-675X TI - When different norms lead to same billiard trajectories? VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We characterize critical points of 1-dimensional maps paired in persistent homology geometrically and this way get elementary proofs of theorems about the symmetry of persistence diagrams and the variation of such maps. In particular, we identify branching points and endpoints of networks as the sole source of asymmetry and relate the cycle basis in persistent homology with a version of the stable marriage problem. Our analysis provides the foundations of fast algorithms for maintaining collections of interrelated sorted lists together with their persistence diagrams. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 11660 JF - LIPIcs TI - A window to the persistence of 1D maps. I: Geometric characterization of critical point pairs ER - TY - JOUR AB - The depth of a cell in an arrangement of n (non-vertical) great-spheres in Sd is the number of great-spheres that pass above the cell. We prove Euler-type relations, which imply extensions of the classic Dehn–Sommerville relations for convex polytopes to sublevel sets of the depth function, and we use the relations to extend the expressions for the number of faces of neighborly polytopes to the number of cells of levels in neighborly arrangements. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 11658 JF - Leibniz International Proceedings on Mathematics TI - Depth in arrangements: Dehn–Sommerville–Euler relations with applications ER - TY - GEN AB - Given a locally finite set A⊆Rd and a coloring χ:A→{0,1,…,s}, we introduce the chromatic Delaunay mosaic of χ, which is a Delaunay mosaic in Rs+d that represents how points of different colors mingle. Our main results are bounds on the size of the chromatic Delaunay mosaic, in which we assume that d and s are constants. For example, if A is finite with n=#A, and the coloring is random, then the chromatic Delaunay mosaic has O(n⌈d/2⌉) cells in expectation. In contrast, for Delone sets and Poisson point processes in Rd, the expected number of cells within a closed ball is only a constant times the number of points in this ball. Furthermore, in R2 all colorings of a dense set of n points have chromatic Delaunay mosaics of size O(n). This encourages the use of chromatic Delaunay mosaics in applications. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Draganov, Ondrej AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 15090 T2 - arXiv TI - On the size of chromatic Delaunay mosaics ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is practical to collect a huge amount of movement data and environmental context information along with the health signals of individuals because there is the emergence of new generations of positioning and tracking technologies and rapid advancements of health sensors. The study of the relations between these datasets and their sequence similarity analysis is of interest to many applications such as health monitoring and recommender systems. However, entering all movement parameters and health signals can lead to the complexity of the problem and an increase in its computational load. In this situation, dimension reduction techniques can be used to avoid consideration of simultaneous dependent parameters in the process of similarity measurement of the trajectories. The present study provides a framework, named CaDRAW, to use spatial–temporal data and movement parameters along with independent context information in the process of measuring the similarity of trajectories. In this regard, the omission of dependent movement characteristic signals is conducted by using an unsupervised feature selection dimension reduction technique. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, it was applied to a real contextualized movement and related health signal datasets of individuals. The results indicated the capability of the proposed framework in measuring the similarity and in decreasing the characteristic signals in such a way that the similarity results -before and after reduction of dependent characteristic signals- have small differences. The mean differences between the obtained results before and after reducing the dimension were 0.029 and 0.023 for the round path, respectively. AU - Goudarzi, Samira AU - Sharif, Mohammad AU - Karimipour, Farid ID - 10208 JF - Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing KW - general computer science SN - 1868-5137 TI - A context-aware dimension reduction framework for trajectory and health signal analyses VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adams, Henry AU - Kourimska, Hana AU - Heiss, Teresa AU - Percival, Sarah AU - Ziegelmeier, Lori ID - 10071 IS - 9 JF - Notices of the American Mathematical Society SN - 0002-9920 TI - How to tutorial-a-thon VL - 68 ER - TY - CONF AB - How information is created, shared and consumed has changed rapidly in recent decades, in part thanks to new social platforms and technologies on the web. With ever-larger amounts of unstructured and limited labels, organizing and reconciling information from different sources and modalities is a central challenge in machine learning. This cutting-edge tutorial aims to introduce the multimodal entailment task, which can be useful for detecting semantic alignments when a single modality alone does not suffice for a whole content understanding. Starting with a brief overview of natural language processing, computer vision, structured data and neural graph learning, we lay the foundations for the multimodal sections to follow. We then discuss recent multimodal learning literature covering visual, audio and language streams, and explore case studies focusing on tasks which require fine-grained understanding of visual and linguistic semantics question answering, veracity and hatred classification. Finally, we introduce a new dataset for recognizing multimodal entailment, exploring it in a hands-on collaborative section. Overall, this tutorial gives an overview of multimodal learning, introduces a multimodal entailment dataset, and encourages future research in the topic. AU - Ilharco, Cesar AU - Shirazi, Afsaneh AU - Gopalan, Arjun AU - Nagrani, Arsha AU - Bratanič, Blaž AU - Bregler, Chris AU - Liu, Christina AU - Ferreira, Felipe AU - Barcik, Gabriek AU - Ilharco, Gabriel AU - Osang, Georg F AU - Bulian, Jannis AU - Frank, Jared AU - Smaira, Lucas AU - Cao, Qin AU - Marino, Ricardo AU - Patel, Roma AU - Leung, Thomas AU - Imbrasaite, Vaiva ID - 10367 SN - 9-781-9540-8557-2 T2 - 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Tutorial Abstracts TI - Recognizing multimodal entailment ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider infinite-dimensional properties in coarse geometry for hyperspaces consisting of finite subsets of metric spaces with the Hausdorff metric. We see that several infinite-dimensional properties are preserved by taking the hyperspace of subsets with at most n points. On the other hand, we prove that, if a metric space contains a sequence of long intervals coarsely, then its hyperspace of finite subsets is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. As a corollary, the hyperspace of finite subsets of the real line is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. It is also shown that every (not necessarily bounded geometry) metric space with straight finite decomposition complexity has metric sparsification property. AU - Weighill, Thomas AU - Yamauchi, Takamitsu AU - Zava, Nicolò ID - 10608 JF - European Journal of Mathematics SN - 2199-675X TI - Coarse infinite-dimensionality of hyperspaces of finite subsets ER - TY - CONF AB - matching is compatible to two or more labeled point sets of size n with labels {1,…,n} if its straight-line drawing on each of these point sets is crossing-free. We study the maximum number of edges in a matching compatible to two or more labeled point sets in general position in the plane. We show that for any two labeled convex sets of n points there exists a compatible matching with ⌊2n−−√⌋ edges. More generally, for any ℓ labeled point sets we construct compatible matchings of size Ω(n1/ℓ) . As a corresponding upper bound, we use probabilistic arguments to show that for any ℓ given sets of n points there exists a labeling of each set such that the largest compatible matching has O(n2/(ℓ+1)) edges. Finally, we show that Θ(logn) copies of any set of n points are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a labeling such that any compatible matching consists only of a single edge. AU - Aichholzer, Oswin AU - Arroyo Guevara, Alan M AU - Masárová, Zuzana AU - Parada, Irene AU - Perz, Daniel AU - Pilz, Alexander AU - Tkadlec, Josef AU - Vogtenhuber, Birgit ID - 9296 SN - 03029743 T2 - 15th International Conference on Algorithms and Computation TI - On compatible matchings VL - 12635 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given a locally finite set 𝑋⊆ℝ𝑑 and an integer 𝑘≥0, we consider the function 𝐰𝑘:Del𝑘(𝑋)→ℝ on the dual of the order-k Voronoi tessellation, whose sublevel sets generalize the notion of alpha shapes from order-1 to order-k (Edelsbrunner et al. in IEEE Trans Inf Theory IT-29:551–559, 1983; Krasnoshchekov and Polishchuk in Inf Process Lett 114:76–83, 2014). While this function is not necessarily generalized discrete Morse, in the sense of Forman (Adv Math 134:90–145, 1998) and Freij (Discrete Math 309:3821–3829, 2009), we prove that it satisfies similar properties so that its increments can be meaningfully classified into critical and non-critical steps. This result extends to the case of weighted points and sheds light on k-fold covers with balls in Euclidean space. AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Nikitenko, Anton AU - Osang, Georg F ID - 9465 IS - 1 JF - Journal of Geometry SN - 00472468 TI - A step in the Delaunay mosaic of order k VL - 112 ER - TY - CONF AB - Modeling a crystal as a periodic point set, we present a fingerprint consisting of density functionsthat facilitates the efficient search for new materials and material properties. We prove invarianceunder isometries, continuity, and completeness in the generic case, which are necessary featuresfor the reliable comparison of crystals. The proof of continuity integrates methods from discretegeometry and lattice theory, while the proof of generic completeness combines techniques fromgeometry with analysis. The fingerprint has a fast algorithm based on Brillouin zones and relatedinclusion-exclusion formulae. We have implemented the algorithm and describe its application tocrystal structure prediction. AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Heiss, Teresa AU - Kurlin , Vitaliy AU - Smith, Philip AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 9345 SN - 1868-8969 T2 - 37th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2021) TI - The density fingerprint of a periodic point set VL - 189 ER - TY - CONF AB - Generalizing Lee’s inductive argument for counting the cells of higher order Voronoi tessellations in ℝ² to ℝ³, we get precise relations in terms of Morse theoretic quantities for piecewise constant functions on planar arrangements. Specifically, we prove that for a generic set of n ≥ 5 points in ℝ³, the number of regions in the order-k Voronoi tessellation is N_{k-1} - binom(k,2)n + n, for 1 ≤ k ≤ n-1, in which N_{k-1} is the sum of Euler characteristics of these function’s first k-1 sublevel sets. We get similar expressions for the vertices, edges, and polygons of the order-k Voronoi tessellation. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saghafian, Morteza ID - 9604 SN - 18688969 T2 - Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics TI - Counting cells of order-k voronoi tessellations in ℝ3 with morse theory VL - 189 ER - TY - CONF AB - We define a new compact coordinate system in which each integer triplet addresses a voxel in the BCC grid, and we investigate some of its properties. We propose a characterization of 3D discrete analytical planes with their topological features (in the Cartesian and in the new coordinate system) such as the interrelation between the thickness of the plane and the separability constraint we aim to obtain. AU - Čomić, Lidija AU - Zrour, Rita AU - Largeteau-Skapin, Gaëlle AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Andres, Eric ID - 9824 SN - 03029743 T2 - Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology TI - Body centered cubic grid - coordinate system and discrete analytical plane definition VL - 12708 ER - TY - JOUR AB - When can a polyomino piece of paper be folded into a unit cube? Prior work studied tree-like polyominoes, but polyominoes with holes remain an intriguing open problem. We present sufficient conditions for a polyomino with one or several holes to fold into a cube, and conditions under which cube folding is impossible. In particular, we show that all but five special “basic” holes guarantee foldability. AU - Aichholzer, Oswin AU - Akitaya, Hugo A. AU - Cheung, Kenneth C. AU - Demaine, Erik D. AU - Demaine, Martin L. AU - Fekete, Sándor P. AU - Kleist, Linda AU - Kostitsyna, Irina AU - Löffler, Maarten AU - Masárová, Zuzana AU - Mundilova, Klara AU - Schmidt, Christiane ID - 8317 JF - Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications SN - 09257721 TI - Folding polyominoes with holes into a cube VL - 93 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra. We give a classification of contravariant forms on the nondegenerate Whittaker g-modules Y(χ,η) introduced by Kostant. We prove that the set of all contravariant forms on Y(χ,η) forms a vector space whose dimension is given by the cardinality of the Weyl group of g. We also describe a procedure for parabolically inducing contravariant forms. As a corollary, we deduce the existence of the Shapovalov form on a Verma module, and provide a formula for the dimension of the space of contravariant forms on the degenerate Whittaker modules M(χ,η) introduced by McDowell. AU - Brown, Adam AU - Romanov, Anna ID - 8773 IS - 1 JF - Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society KW - Applied Mathematics KW - General Mathematics SN - 0002-9939 TI - Contravariant forms on Whittaker modules VL - 149 ER - TY - CONF AB - In March 2020, the Austrian government introduced a widespread lock-down in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on subjective impressions and anecdotal evidence, Austrian public and private life came to a sudden halt. Here we assess the effect of the lock-down quantitatively for all regions in Austria and present an analysis of daily changes of human mobility throughout Austria using near-real-time anonymized mobile phone data. We describe an efficient data aggregation pipeline and analyze the mobility by quantifying mobile-phone traffic at specific point of interests (POIs), analyzing individual trajectories and investigating the cluster structure of the origin-destination graph. We found a reduction of commuters at Viennese metro stations of over 80% and the number of devices with a radius of gyration of less than 500 m almost doubled. The results of studying crowd-movement behavior highlight considerable changes in the structure of mobility networks, revealed by a higher modularity and an increase from 12 to 20 detected communities. We demonstrate the relevance of mobility data for epidemiological studies by showing a significant correlation of the outflow from the town of Ischgl (an early COVID-19 hotspot) and the reported COVID-19 cases with an 8-day time lag. This research indicates that mobile phone usage data permits the moment-by-moment quantification of mobility behavior for a whole country. We emphasize the need to improve the availability of such data in anonymized form to empower rapid response to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics. AU - Heiler, Georg AU - Reisch, Tobias AU - Hurt, Jan AU - Forghani, Mohammad AU - Omani, Aida AU - Hanbury, Allan AU - Karimipour, Farid ID - 9253 SN - 9781728162515 T2 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data TI - Country-wide mobility changes observed using mobile phone data during COVID-19 pandemic ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given a locally finite X⊆Rd and a radius r≥0, the k-fold cover of X and r consists of all points in Rd that have k or more points of X within distance r. We consider two filtrations—one in scale obtained by fixing k and increasing r, and the other in depth obtained by fixing r and decreasing k—and we compute the persistence diagrams of both. While standard methods suffice for the filtration in scale, we need novel geometric and topological concepts for the filtration in depth. In particular, we introduce a rhomboid tiling in Rd+1 whose horizontal integer slices are the order-k Delaunay mosaics of X, and construct a zigzag module of Delaunay mosaics that is isomorphic to the persistence module of the multi-covers. AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Osang, Georg F ID - 9317 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - The multi-cover persistence of Euclidean balls VL - 65 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An ordered graph is a graph with a linear ordering on its vertex set. We prove that for every positive integer k, there exists a constant ck > 0 such that any ordered graph G on n vertices with the property that neither G nor its complement contains an induced monotone path of size k, has either a clique or an independent set of size at least n^ck . This strengthens a result of Bousquet, Lagoutte, and Thomassé, who proved the analogous result for unordered graphs. A key idea of the above paper was to show that any unordered graph on n vertices that does not contain an induced path of size k, and whose maximum degree is at most c(k)n for some small c(k) > 0, contains two disjoint linear size subsets with no edge between them. This approach fails for ordered graphs, because the analogous statement is false for k ≥ 3, by a construction of Fox. We provide some further examples showing that this statement also fails for ordered graphs avoiding other ordered trees. AU - Pach, János AU - Tomon, István ID - 9602 JF - Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B SN - 0095-8956 TI - Erdős-Hajnal-type results for monotone paths VL - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heart rate variability (hrv) is a physiological phenomenon of the variation in the length of the time interval between consecutive heartbeats. In many cases it could be an indicator of the development of pathological states. The classical approach to the analysis of hrv includes time domain methods and frequency domain methods. However, attempts are still being made to define new and more effective hrv assessment tools. Persistent homology is a novel data analysis tool developed in the recent decades that is rooted at algebraic topology. The Topological Data Analysis (TDA) approach focuses on examining the shape of the data in terms of connectedness and holes, and has recently proved to be very effective in various fields of research. In this paper we propose the use of persistent homology to the hrv analysis. We recall selected topological descriptors used in the literature and we introduce some new topological descriptors that reflect the specificity of hrv, and we discuss their relation to the standard hrv measures. In particular, we show that this novel approach provides a collection of indices that might be at least as useful as the classical parameters in differentiating between series of beat-to-beat intervals (RR-intervals) in healthy subjects and patients suffering from a stroke episode. AU - Graff, Grzegorz AU - Graff, Beata AU - Pilarczyk, Pawel AU - Jablonski, Grzegorz AU - Gąsecki, Dariusz AU - Narkiewicz, Krzysztof ID - 9821 IS - 7 JF - PLoS ONE TI - Persistent homology as a new method of the assessment of heart rate variability VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Consider a random set of points on the unit sphere in ℝd, which can be either uniformly sampled or a Poisson point process. Its convex hull is a random inscribed polytope, whose boundary approximates the sphere. We focus on the case d = 3, for which there are elementary proofs and fascinating formulas for metric properties. In particular, we study the fraction of acute facets, the expected intrinsic volumes, the total edge length, and the distance to a fixed point. Finally we generalize the results to the ellipsoid with homeoid density. AU - Akopyan, Arseniy AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Nikitenko, Anton ID - 10222 JF - Experimental Mathematics SN - 1058-6458 TI - The beauty of random polytopes inscribed in the 2-sphere ER - TY - JOUR AB - We quantise Whitney’s construction to prove the existence of a triangulation for any C^2 manifold, so that we get an algorithm with explicit bounds. We also give a new elementary proof, which is completely geometric. AU - Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel AU - Kachanovich, Siargey AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 8940 IS - 1 JF - Discrete & Computational Geometry KW - Theoretical Computer Science KW - Computational Theory and Mathematics KW - Geometry and Topology KW - Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics SN - 0179-5376 TI - Triangulating submanifolds: An elementary and quantified version of Whitney’s method VL - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study the probabilistic convergence between the mapper graph and the Reeb graph of a topological space X equipped with a continuous function f:X→R. We first give a categorification of the mapper graph and the Reeb graph by interpreting them in terms of cosheaves and stratified covers of the real line R. We then introduce a variant of the classic mapper graph of Singh et al. (in: Eurographics symposium on point-based graphics, 2007), referred to as the enhanced mapper graph, and demonstrate that such a construction approximates the Reeb graph of (X,f) when it is applied to points randomly sampled from a probability density function concentrated on (X,f). Our techniques are based on the interleaving distance of constructible cosheaves and topological estimation via kernel density estimates. Following Munch and Wang (In: 32nd international symposium on computational geometry, volume 51 of Leibniz international proceedings in informatics (LIPIcs), Dagstuhl, Germany, pp 53:1–53:16, 2016), we first show that the mapper graph of (X,f), a constructible R-space (with a fixed open cover), approximates the Reeb graph of the same space. We then construct an isomorphism between the mapper of (X,f) to the mapper of a super-level set of a probability density function concentrated on (X,f). Finally, building on the approach of Bobrowski et al. (Bernoulli 23(1):288–328, 2017b), we show that, with high probability, we can recover the mapper of the super-level set given a sufficiently large sample. Our work is the first to consider the mapper construction using the theory of cosheaves in a probabilistic setting. It is part of an ongoing effort to combine sheaf theory, probability, and statistics, to support topological data analysis with random data. AU - Brown, Adam AU - Bobrowski, Omer AU - Munch, Elizabeth AU - Wang, Bei ID - 9111 IS - 1 JF - Journal of Applied and Computational Topology SN - 2367-1726 TI - Probabilistic convergence and stability of random mapper graphs VL - 5 ER - TY - THES AB - In this thesis we study persistence of multi-covers of Euclidean balls and the geometric structures underlying their computation, in particular Delaunay mosaics and Voronoi tessellations. The k-fold cover for some discrete input point set consists of the space where at least k balls of radius r around the input points overlap. Persistence is a notion that captures, in some sense, the topology of the shape underlying the input. While persistence is usually computed for the union of balls, the k-fold cover is of interest as it captures local density, and thus might approximate the shape of the input better if the input data is noisy. To compute persistence of these k-fold covers, we need a discretization that is provided by higher-order Delaunay mosaics. We present and implement a simple and efficient algorithm for the computation of higher-order Delaunay mosaics, and use it to give experimental results for their combinatorial properties. The algorithm makes use of a new geometric structure, the rhomboid tiling. It contains the higher-order Delaunay mosaics as slices, and by introducing a filtration function on the tiling, we also obtain higher-order α-shapes as slices. These allow us to compute persistence of the multi-covers for varying radius r; the computation for varying k is less straight-foward and involves the rhomboid tiling directly. We apply our algorithms to experimental sphere packings to shed light on their structural properties. Finally, inspired by periodic structures in packings and materials, we propose and implement an algorithm for periodic Delaunay triangulations to be integrated into the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library (CGAL), and discuss the implications on persistence for periodic data sets. AU - Osang, Georg F ID - 9056 SN - 2663-337X TI - Multi-cover persistence and Delaunay mosaics ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two common representations of close packings of identical spheres consisting of hexagonal layers, called Barlow stackings, appear abundantly in minerals and metals. These motifs, however, occupy an identical portion of space and bear identical first-order topological signatures as measured by persistent homology. Here we present a novel method based on k-fold covers that unambiguously distinguishes between these patterns. Moreover, our approach provides topological evidence that the FCC motif is the more stable of the two in the context of evolving experimental sphere packings during the transition from disordered to an ordered state. We conclude that our approach can be generalised to distinguish between various Barlow stackings manifested in minerals and metals. AU - Osang, Georg F AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Saadatfar, Mohammad ID - 10204 IS - 40 JF - Soft Matter SN - 1744-683X TI - Topological signatures and stability of hexagonal close packing and Barlow stackings VL - 17 ER - TY - CONF AB - Given a finite set A ⊂ ℝ^d, let Cov_{r,k} denote the set of all points within distance r to at least k points of A. Allowing r and k to vary, we obtain a 2-parameter family of spaces that grow larger when r increases or k decreases, called the multicover bifiltration. Motivated by the problem of computing the homology of this bifiltration, we introduce two closely related combinatorial bifiltrations, one polyhedral and the other simplicial, which are both topologically equivalent to the multicover bifiltration and far smaller than a Čech-based model considered in prior work of Sheehy. Our polyhedral construction is a bifiltration of the rhomboid tiling of Edelsbrunner and Osang, and can be efficiently computed using a variant of an algorithm given by these authors as well. Using an implementation for dimension 2 and 3, we provide experimental results. Our simplicial construction is useful for understanding the polyhedral construction and proving its correctness. AU - Corbet, René AU - Kerber, Michael AU - Lesnick, Michael AU - Osang, Georg F ID - 9605 SN - 18688969 T2 - Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics TI - Computing the multicover bifiltration VL - 189 ER - TY - CONF AB - Isomanifolds are the generalization of isosurfaces to arbitrary dimension and codimension, i.e. submanifolds of ℝ^d defined as the zero set of some multivariate multivalued smooth function f: ℝ^d → ℝ^{d-n}, where n is the intrinsic dimension of the manifold. A natural way to approximate a smooth isomanifold M is to consider its Piecewise-Linear (PL) approximation M̂ based on a triangulation 𝒯 of the ambient space ℝ^d. In this paper, we describe a simple algorithm to trace isomanifolds from a given starting point. The algorithm works for arbitrary dimensions n and d, and any precision D. Our main result is that, when f (or M) has bounded complexity, the complexity of the algorithm is polynomial in d and δ = 1/D (and unavoidably exponential in n). Since it is known that for δ = Ω (d^{2.5}), M̂ is O(D²)-close and isotopic to M, our algorithm produces a faithful PL-approximation of isomanifolds of bounded complexity in time polynomial in d. Combining this algorithm with dimensionality reduction techniques, the dependency on d in the size of M̂ can be completely removed with high probability. We also show that the algorithm can handle isomanifolds with boundary and, more generally, isostratifolds. The algorithm for isomanifolds with boundary has been implemented and experimental results are reported, showing that it is practical and can handle cases that are far ahead of the state-of-the-art. AU - Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel AU - Kachanovich, Siargey AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 9441 SN - 1868-8969 T2 - 37th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2021) TI - Tracing isomanifolds in Rd in time polynomial in d using Coxeter-Freudenthal-Kuhn triangulations VL - 189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Canonical parametrisations of classical confocal coordinate systems are introduced and exploited to construct non-planar analogues of incircular (IC) nets on individual quadrics and systems of confocal quadrics. Intimate connections with classical deformations of quadrics that are isometric along asymptotic lines and circular cross-sections of quadrics are revealed. The existence of octahedral webs of surfaces of Blaschke type generated by asymptotic and characteristic lines that are diagonally related to lines of curvature is proved theoretically and established constructively. Appropriate samplings (grids) of these webs lead to three-dimensional extensions of non-planar IC nets. Three-dimensional octahedral grids composed of planes and spatially extending (checkerboard) IC-nets are shown to arise in connection with systems of confocal quadrics in Minkowski space. In this context, the Laguerre geometric notion of conical octahedral grids of planes is introduced. The latter generalise the octahedral grids derived from systems of confocal quadrics in Minkowski space. An explicit construction of conical octahedral grids is presented. The results are accompanied by various illustrations which are based on the explicit formulae provided by the theory. AU - Akopyan, Arseniy AU - Bobenko, Alexander I. AU - Schief, Wolfgang K. AU - Techter, Jan ID - 8338 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - On mutually diagonal nets on (confocal) quadrics and 3-dimensional webs VL - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider the following setting: suppose that we are given a manifold M in Rd with positive reach. Moreover assume that we have an embedded simplical complex A without boundary, whose vertex set lies on the manifold, is sufficiently dense and such that all simplices in A have sufficient quality. We prove that if, locally, interiors of the projection of the simplices onto the tangent space do not intersect, then A is a triangulation of the manifold, that is, they are homeomorphic. AU - Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel AU - Dyer, Ramsay AU - Ghosh, Arijit AU - Lieutier, Andre AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 8248 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - Local conditions for triangulating submanifolds of Euclidean space VL - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We investigate a sheaf-theoretic interpretation of stratification learning from geometric and topological perspectives. Our main result is the construction of stratification learning algorithms framed in terms of a sheaf on a partially ordered set with the Alexandroff topology. We prove that the resulting decomposition is the unique minimal stratification for which the strata are homogeneous and the given sheaf is constructible. In particular, when we choose to work with the local homology sheaf, our algorithm gives an alternative to the local homology transfer algorithm given in Bendich et al. (Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1355–1370, ACM, New York, 2012), and the cohomology stratification algorithm given in Nanda (Found. Comput. Math. 20(2), 195–222, 2020). Additionally, we give examples of stratifications based on the geometric techniques of Breiding et al. (Rev. Mat. Complut. 31(3), 545–593, 2018), illustrating how the sheaf-theoretic approach can be used to study stratifications from both topological and geometric perspectives. This approach also points toward future applications of sheaf theory in the study of topological data analysis by illustrating the utility of the language of sheaf theory in generalizing existing algorithms. AU - Brown, Adam AU - Wang, Bei ID - 7905 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - Sheaf-theoretic stratification learning from geometric and topological perspectives VL - 65 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coxeter triangulations are triangulations of Euclidean space based on a single simplex. By this we mean that given an individual simplex we can recover the entire triangulation of Euclidean space by inductively reflecting in the faces of the simplex. In this paper we establish that the quality of the simplices in all Coxeter triangulations is O(1/d−−√) of the quality of regular simplex. We further investigate the Delaunay property for these triangulations. Moreover, we consider an extension of the Delaunay property, namely protection, which is a measure of non-degeneracy of a Delaunay triangulation. In particular, one family of Coxeter triangulations achieves the protection O(1/d2). We conjecture that both bounds are optimal for triangulations in Euclidean space. AU - Choudhary, Aruni AU - Kachanovich, Siargey AU - Wintraecken, Mathijs ID - 7567 JF - Mathematics in Computer Science SN - 1661-8270 TI - Coxeter triangulations have good quality VL - 14 ER - TY - CONF AB - Discrete Morse theory has recently lead to new developments in the theory of random geometric complexes. This article surveys the methods and results obtained with this new approach, and discusses some of its shortcomings. It uses simulations to illustrate the results and to form conjectures, getting numerical estimates for combinatorial, topological, and geometric properties of weighted and unweighted Delaunay mosaics, their dual Voronoi tessellations, and the Alpha and Wrap complexes contained in the mosaics. AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Nikitenko, Anton AU - Ölsböck, Katharina AU - Synak, Peter ID - 8135 SN - 21932808 T2 - Topological Data Analysis TI - Radius functions on Poisson–Delaunay mosaics and related complexes experimentally VL - 15 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rhombic dodecahedron is a space filling polyhedron which represents the close packing of spheres in 3D space and the Voronoi structures of the face centered cubic (FCC) lattice. In this paper, we describe a new coordinate system where every 3-integer coordinates grid point corresponds to a rhombic dodecahedron centroid. In order to illustrate the interest of the new coordinate system, we propose the characterization of 3D digital plane with its topological features, such as the interrelation between the thickness of the digital plane and the separability constraint we aim to obtain. We also present the characterization of 3D digital lines and study it as the intersection of multiple digital planes. Characterization of 3D digital sphere with relevant topological features is proposed as well along with the 48-symmetry appearing in the new coordinate system. AU - Biswas, Ranita AU - Largeteau-Skapin, Gaëlle AU - Zrour, Rita AU - Andres, Eric ID - 9249 IS - 1 JF - Mathematical Morphology - Theory and Applications SN - 2353-3390 TI - Digital objects in rhombic dodecahedron grid VL - 4 ER - TY - CONF AB - We call a multigraph non-homotopic if it can be drawn in the plane in such a way that no two edges connecting the same pair of vertices can be continuously transformed into each other without passing through a vertex, and no loop can be shrunk to its end-vertex in the same way. It is easy to see that a non-homotopic multigraph on n>1 vertices can have arbitrarily many edges. We prove that the number of crossings between the edges of a non-homotopic multigraph with n vertices and m>4n edges is larger than cm2n for some constant c>0 , and that this bound is tight up to a polylogarithmic factor. We also show that the lower bound is not asymptotically sharp as n is fixed and m⟶∞ . AU - Pach, János AU - Tardos, Gábor AU - Tóth, Géza ID - 9299 SN - 0302-9743 T2 - 28th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization TI - Crossings between non-homotopic edges VL - 12590 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Various kinds of data are routinely represented as discrete probability distributions. Examples include text documents summarized by histograms of word occurrences and images represented as histograms of oriented gradients. Viewing a discrete probability distribution as a point in the standard simplex of the appropriate dimension, we can understand collections of such objects in geometric and topological terms. Importantly, instead of using the standard Euclidean distance, we look into dissimilarity measures with information-theoretic justification, and we develop the theory needed for applying topological data analysis in this setting. In doing so, we emphasize constructions that enable the usage of existing computational topology software in this context. AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Virk, Ziga AU - Wagner, Hubert ID - 9630 IS - 2 JF - Journal of Computational Geometry TI - Topological data analysis in information space VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We prove some recent experimental observations of Dan Reznik concerning periodic billiard orbits in ellipses. For example, the sum of cosines of the angles of a periodic billiard polygon remains constant in the 1-parameter family of such polygons (that exist due to the Poncelet porism). In our proofs, we use geometric and complex analytic methods. AU - Akopyan, Arseniy AU - Schwartz, Richard AU - Tabachnikov, Serge ID - 8538 JF - European Journal of Mathematics SN - 2199-675X TI - Billiards in ellipses revisited ER -