---
_id: '9623'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Cytoplasmic reorganizations are essential for morphogenesis. In large cells
like oocytes, these reorganizations become crucial in patterning the oocyte for
later stages of embryonic development. Ascidians oocytes reorganize their cytoplasm
(ooplasm) in a spectacular manner. Ooplasmic reorganization is initiated at fertilization
with the contraction of the actomyosin cortex along the animal-vegetal axis of
the oocyte, driving the accumulation of cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER),
maternal mRNAs associated to it and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer – the
myoplasm – in a region of the vegetal pole termed contraction pole (CP). Here
we have used the species Phallusia mammillata to investigate the changes in cell
shape that accompany these reorganizations and the mechanochemical mechanisms
underlining CP formation.\r\nWe report that the length of the animal-vegetal (AV)
axis oscillates upon fertilization: it first undergoes a cycle of fast elongation-lengthening
followed by a slow expansion of mainly the vegetal pole (VP) of the cell. We show
that the fast oscillation corresponds to a dynamic polarization of the actin cortex
as a result of a fertilization-induced increase in cortical tension in the oocyte
that triggers a rupture of the cortex at the animal pole and the establishment
of vegetal-directed cortical flows. These flows are responsible for the vegetal
accumulation of actin causing the VP to flatten. \r\nWe find that the slow expansion
of the VP, leading to CP formation, correlates with a relaxation of the vegetal
cortex and that the myoplasm plays a role in the expansion. We show that the myoplasm
is a solid-like layer that buckles under compression forces arising from the contracting
actin cortex at the VP. Straightening of the myoplasm when actin flows stops,
facilitates the expansion of the VP and the CP. Altogether, our results present
a previously unrecognized role for the myoplasm in ascidian ooplasmic segregation.
\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia
id: 2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Caballero Mancebo
orcid: 0000-0002-5223-3346
citation:
ama: Caballero Mancebo S. Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by the
actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes. 2021.
doi:10.15479/at:ista:9623
apa: Caballero Mancebo, S. (2021). Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled
by the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9623
chicago: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia. “Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled
by the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9623.
ieee: S. Caballero Mancebo, “Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by
the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Caballero Mancebo S. 2021. Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled
by the actin cortex and a mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia. Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled
by the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:9623.
short: S. Caballero Mancebo, Fertilization-Induced Deformations Are Controlled by
the Actin Cortex and a Mitochondria-Rich Subcortical Layer in Ascidian Oocytes,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-07-01T14:50:17Z
date_published: 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:33:27Z
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:9623
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: e039225a47ef32666d59bf35ddd30ecf
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: scaballe
date_created: 2021-07-01T14:48:54Z
date_updated: 2022-07-02T22:30:06Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '9624'
file_name: PhDThesis_SCM.docx
file_size: 131946790
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: dd4d78962ea94ad95e97ca7d9af08f4b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: scaballe
date_created: 2021-07-01T14:46:25Z
date_updated: 2022-07-02T22:30:06Z
embargo: 2022-07-01
file_id: '9625'
file_name: PhDThesis_SCM.pdf
file_size: 17094958
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2022-07-02T22:30:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '111'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-012-1
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '9750'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '9006'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
title: Fertilization-induced deformations are controlled by the actin cortex and a
mitochondria-rich subcortical layer in ascidian oocytes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9006'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules,
organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm
is highly organized and heterogeneous due to the crowding of its constituents
and their effective compartmentalization. In such an environment, the diffusive
dynamics of the molecules are restricted, an effect that is further amplified
by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite the crowded nature of the cytoplasm
at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization of the cytoplasm is essential
for important cellular functions, such as cell division and polarization. How
such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved, especially for large
cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can span hundreds of micrometers
in size, is only beginning to be understood. In this review, we will discuss recent
advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms by
which the cytoskeleton drives cytoplasmic reorganization across different scales,
structures, and species.
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Justine Renno for illustrations and Edouard
Hannezo and members of the Heisenberg group for their comments on previous versions
of the manuscript.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Shamipour, Shayan
id: 40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shamipour
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia
id: 2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Caballero Mancebo
orcid: 0000-0002-5223-3346
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Shamipour S, Caballero Mancebo S, Heisenberg C-PJ. Cytoplasm’s got moves. Developmental
Cell. 2021;56(2):P213-226. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002
apa: Shamipour, S., Caballero Mancebo, S., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2021). Cytoplasm’s
got moves. Developmental Cell. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002
chicago: Shamipour, Shayan, Silvia Caballero Mancebo, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg.
“Cytoplasm’s Got Moves.” Developmental Cell. Elsevier, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002.
ieee: S. Shamipour, S. Caballero Mancebo, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Cytoplasm’s
got moves,” Developmental Cell, vol. 56, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. P213-226,
2021.
ista: Shamipour S, Caballero Mancebo S, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2021. Cytoplasm’s got moves.
Developmental Cell. 56(2), P213-226.
mla: Shamipour, Shayan, et al. “Cytoplasm’s Got Moves.” Developmental Cell,
vol. 56, no. 2, Elsevier, 2021, pp. P213-226, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002.
short: S. Shamipour, S. Caballero Mancebo, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Developmental Cell
56 (2021) P213-226.
date_created: 2021-01-17T23:01:10Z
date_published: 2021-01-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-27T23:30:18Z
day: '25'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002
external_id:
isi:
- '000613273900009'
pmid:
- '33321104'
intvolume: ' 56'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: P213-226
pmid: 1
publication: Developmental Cell
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- '18781551'
issn:
- '15345807'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9623'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cytoplasm's got moves
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 56
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9397'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Accumulation of interstitial fluid (IF) between embryonic cells is a common
phenomenon in vertebrate embryogenesis. Unlike other model systems, where these
accumulations coalesce into a large central cavity – the blastocoel, in zebrafish,
IF is more uniformly distributed between the deep cells (DC) before the onset
of gastrulation. This is likely due to the presence of a large extraembryonic
structure – the yolk cell (YC) at the position where the blastocoel typically
forms in other model organisms. IF has long been speculated to play a role in
tissue morphogenesis during embryogenesis, but direct evidence supporting such
function is still sparse. Here we show that the relocalization of IF to the interface
between the YC and DC/epiblast is critical for axial mesendoderm (ME) cell protrusion
formation and migration along this interface, a key process in embryonic axis
formation. We further demonstrate that axial ME cell migration and IF relocalization
engage in a positive feedback loop, where axial ME migration triggers IF accumulation
ahead of the advancing axial ME tissue by mechanically compressing the overlying
epiblast cell layer. Upon compression, locally induced flow relocalizes the IF
through the porous epiblast tissue resulting in an IF accumulation ahead of the
leading axial ME. This IF accumulation, in turn, promotes cell protrusion formation
and migration of the leading axial ME cells, thereby facilitating axial ME extension.
Our findings reveal a central role of dynamic IF relocalization in orchestrating
germ layer morphogenesis during gastrulation.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Karla
full_name: Huljev, Karla
id: 44C6F6A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Huljev
citation:
ama: Huljev K. Coordinated spatiotemporal reorganization of interstitial fluid is
required for axial mesendoderm migration in zebrafish gastrulation. 2021. doi:10.15479/at:ista:9397
apa: Huljev, K. (2021). Coordinated spatiotemporal reorganization of interstitial
fluid is required for axial mesendoderm migration in zebrafish gastrulation.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9397
chicago: Huljev, Karla. “Coordinated Spatiotemporal Reorganization of Interstitial
Fluid Is Required for Axial Mesendoderm Migration in Zebrafish Gastrulation.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:9397.
ieee: K. Huljev, “Coordinated spatiotemporal reorganization of interstitial fluid
is required for axial mesendoderm migration in zebrafish gastrulation,” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
ista: Huljev K. 2021. Coordinated spatiotemporal reorganization of interstitial
fluid is required for axial mesendoderm migration in zebrafish gastrulation. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Huljev, Karla. Coordinated Spatiotemporal Reorganization of Interstitial
Fluid Is Required for Axial Mesendoderm Migration in Zebrafish Gastrulation.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2021, doi:10.15479/at:ista:9397.
short: K. Huljev, Coordinated Spatiotemporal Reorganization of Interstitial Fluid
Is Required for Axial Mesendoderm Migration in Zebrafish Gastrulation, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2021.
date_created: 2021-05-17T12:31:30Z
date_published: 2021-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:32:32Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '571'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:9397
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 7f98532f5324a0b2f3fa8de2967baa19
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: khuljev
date_created: 2021-05-17T12:29:12Z
date_updated: 2022-05-21T22:30:04Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '9398'
file_name: KHuljev_Thesis_corrections.docx
file_size: 47799741
relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bf512f8a1e572a543778fc4b227c01ba
content_type: application/pdf
creator: khuljev
date_created: 2021-05-18T14:50:28Z
date_updated: 2022-05-21T22:30:04Z
embargo: 2022-05-20
file_id: '9401'
file_name: new_KHuljev_Thesis_corrections.pdf
file_size: 16542131
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2022-05-21T22:30:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '101'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
title: Coordinated spatiotemporal reorganization of interstitial fluid is required
for axial mesendoderm migration in zebrafish gastrulation
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '7888'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Embryonic stem cell cultures are thought to self-organize into embryoid bodies,
able to undergo symmetry-breaking, germ layer specification and even morphogenesis.
Yet, it is unclear how to reconcile this remarkable self-organization capacity
with classical experiments demonstrating key roles for extrinsic biases by maternal
factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis. Here, we show that zebrafish
embryonic tissue explants, prepared prior to germ layer induction and lacking
extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and form a seemingly complete
mesendoderm anlage. Importantly, explant organization requires polarized inheritance
of maternal factors from dorsal-marginal regions of the blastoderm. Moreover,
induction of endoderm and head-mesoderm, which require peak Nodal-signaling levels,
is highly variable in explants, reminiscent of embryos with reduced Nodal signals
from the extraembryonic tissues. Together, these data suggest that zebrafish explants
do not undergo bona fide self-organization, but rather display features of genetically
encoded self-assembly, where intrinsic genetic programs control the emergence
of order.
article_number: e55190
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexandra
full_name: Schauer, Alexandra
id: 30A536BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schauer
orcid: 0000-0001-7659-9142
- first_name: Diana C
full_name: Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C
id: 2E839F16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nunes Pinheiro
orcid: 0000-0003-4333-7503
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. Zebrafish embryonic
explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 2020;9. doi:10.7554/elife.55190
apa: Schauer, A., Nunes Pinheiro, D. C., Hauschild, R., & Heisenberg, C.-P.
J. (2020). Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly.
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190
chicago: Schauer, Alexandra, Diana C Nunes Pinheiro, Robert Hauschild, and Carl-Philipp
J Heisenberg. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically Encoded Self-Assembly.”
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190.
ieee: A. Schauer, D. C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly,” eLife, vol.
9. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020.
ista: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020. Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 9, e55190.
mla: Schauer, Alexandra, et al. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically
Encoded Self-Assembly.” ELife, vol. 9, e55190, eLife Sciences Publications,
2020, doi:10.7554/elife.55190.
short: A. Schauer, D.C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, ELife
9 (2020).
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:01:40Z
date_published: 2020-04-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-21T06:25:49Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.7554/elife.55190
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000531544400001'
pmid:
- '32250246'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f6aad884cf706846ae9357fcd728f8b5
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:15:43Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
file_id: '7890'
file_name: 2020_eLife_Schauer.pdf
file_size: 7744848
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 26B1E39C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '25239'
name: 'Mesendoderm specification in zebrafish: The role of extraembryonic tissues'
- _id: 26520D1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 850-2017
name: Coordination of mesendoderm cell fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
- _id: 266BC5CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000429
name: Coordination of mesendoderm fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '12891'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 9
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8680'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Animal development entails the organization of specific cell types in space
and time, and spatial patterns must form in a robust manner. In the zebrafish
spinal cord, neural progenitors form stereotypic patterns despite noisy morphogen
signaling and large-scale cellular rearrangements during morphogenesis and growth.
By directly measuring adhesion forces and preferences for three types of endogenous
neural progenitors, we provide evidence for the differential adhesion model in
which differences in intercellular adhesion mediate cell sorting. Cell type–specific
combinatorial expression of different classes of cadherins (N-cadherin, cadherin
11, and protocadherin 19) results in homotypic preference ex vivo and patterning
robustness in vivo. Furthermore, the differential adhesion code is regulated by
the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient. We propose that robust patterning during
tissue morphogenesis results from interplay between adhesion-based self-organization
and morphogen-directed patterning.
acknowledgement: "We thank the members of the Megason and Heisenberg labs for critical
discussions of and technical assistance during the work and B. Appel, S. Holley,
J. Jontes, and D. Gilmour for transgenic fish. This work is supported by the Damon
Runyon Cancer Foundation, a NICHD K99 fellowship (1K99HD092623), a Travelling Fellowship
of the Company of Biologists, a Collaborative Research grant from the Burroughs
Wellcome Foundation (T.Y.-C.T.), NIH grant 01GM107733 (T.Y.-C.T. and S.G.M.), NIH
grant R01NS102322 (T.C.-C. and H.K.), and an ERC advanced grant\r\n(MECSPEC) (C.-P.H.)."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tony Y.-C.
full_name: Tsai, Tony Y.-C.
last_name: Tsai
- first_name: Mateusz K
full_name: Sikora, Mateusz K
id: 2F74BCDE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sikora
- first_name: Peng
full_name: Xia, Peng
id: 4AB6C7D0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Xia
orcid: 0000-0002-5419-7756
- first_name: Tugba
full_name: Colak-Champollion, Tugba
last_name: Colak-Champollion
- first_name: Holger
full_name: Knaut, Holger
last_name: Knaut
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Sean G.
full_name: Megason, Sean G.
last_name: Megason
citation:
ama: Tsai TY-C, Sikora MK, Xia P, et al. An adhesion code ensures robust pattern
formation during tissue morphogenesis. Science. 2020;370(6512):113-116.
doi:10.1126/science.aba6637
apa: Tsai, T. Y.-C., Sikora, M. K., Xia, P., Colak-Champollion, T., Knaut, H., Heisenberg,
C.-P. J., & Megason, S. G. (2020). An adhesion code ensures robust pattern
formation during tissue morphogenesis. Science. American Association for
the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6637
chicago: Tsai, Tony Y.-C., Mateusz K Sikora, Peng Xia, Tugba Colak-Champollion,
Holger Knaut, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, and Sean G. Megason. “An Adhesion Code
Ensures Robust Pattern Formation during Tissue Morphogenesis.” Science.
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6637.
ieee: T. Y.-C. Tsai et al., “An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation
during tissue morphogenesis,” Science, vol. 370, no. 6512. American Association
for the Advancement of Science, pp. 113–116, 2020.
ista: Tsai TY-C, Sikora MK, Xia P, Colak-Champollion T, Knaut H, Heisenberg C-PJ,
Megason SG. 2020. An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation during tissue
morphogenesis. Science. 370(6512), 113–116.
mla: Tsai, Tony Y. C., et al. “An Adhesion Code Ensures Robust Pattern Formation
during Tissue Morphogenesis.” Science, vol. 370, no. 6512, American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 2020, pp. 113–16, doi:10.1126/science.aba6637.
short: T.Y.-C. Tsai, M.K. Sikora, P. Xia, T. Colak-Champollion, H. Knaut, C.-P.J.
Heisenberg, S.G. Megason, Science 370 (2020) 113–116.
date_created: 2020-10-19T14:09:38Z
date_published: 2020-10-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T10:36:35Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1126/science.aba6637
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000579169000053'
intvolume: ' 370'
isi: 1
issue: '6512'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803635v1
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 113-116
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1095-9203
issn:
- 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/sticking-together/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An adhesion code ensures robust pattern formation during tissue morphogenesis
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 370
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8957'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Global tissue tension anisotropy has been shown to trigger stereotypical cell
division orientation by elongating mitotic cells along the main tension axis.
Yet, how tissue tension elongates mitotic cells despite those cells undergoing
mitotic rounding (MR) by globally upregulating cortical actomyosin tension remains
unclear. We addressed this question by taking advantage of ascidian embryos, consisting
of a small number of interphasic and mitotic blastomeres and displaying an invariant
division pattern. We found that blastomeres undergo MR by locally relaxing cortical
tension at their apex, thereby allowing extrinsic pulling forces from neighboring
interphasic blastomeres to polarize their shape and thus division orientation.
Consistently, interfering with extrinsic forces by reducing the contractility
of interphasic blastomeres or disrupting the establishment of asynchronous mitotic
domains leads to aberrant mitotic cell division orientations. Thus, apical relaxation
during MR constitutes a key mechanism by which tissue tension anisotropy controls
stereotypical cell division orientation.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We thank members of the Heisenberg and McDougall groups for technical
advice and discussion, Hitoyoshi Yasuo for sharing lab equipment, Lucas Leclère
and Hitoyoshi Yasuo for their comments on a preliminary version of the manuscript,
and Philippe Dru for the Rose plots. We are grateful to the Bioimaging and Nanofabrication
facilities of IST Austria and the Imaging Platform (PIM) and animal facility (CRB)
of Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), which is supported by EMBRC-France,
whose French state funds are managed by the ANR within the Investments of the Future
program under reference ANR-10-INBS-0, for continuous support. This work was supported
by a grant from the French Government funding agency Agence National de la Recherche
(ANR “MorCell”: ANR-17-CE 13-002 8).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Benoit G
full_name: Godard, Benoit G
id: 33280250-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Godard
- first_name: Rémi
full_name: Dumollard, Rémi
last_name: Dumollard
- first_name: Edwin
full_name: Munro, Edwin
last_name: Munro
- first_name: Janet
full_name: Chenevert, Janet
last_name: Chenevert
- first_name: Céline
full_name: Hebras, Céline
last_name: Hebras
- first_name: Alex
full_name: Mcdougall, Alex
last_name: Mcdougall
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Munro E, et al. Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding
promotes tension-oriented cell division. Developmental Cell. 2020;55(6):695-706.
doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016
apa: Godard, B. G., Dumollard, R., Munro, E., Chenevert, J., Hebras, C., Mcdougall,
A., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding
promotes tension-oriented cell division. Developmental Cell. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016
chicago: Godard, Benoit G, Rémi Dumollard, Edwin Munro, Janet Chenevert, Céline
Hebras, Alex Mcdougall, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Apical Relaxation during
Mitotic Rounding Promotes Tension-Oriented Cell Division.” Developmental Cell.
Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016.
ieee: B. G. Godard et al., “Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes
tension-oriented cell division,” Developmental Cell, vol. 55, no. 6. Elsevier,
pp. 695–706, 2020.
ista: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Munro E, Chenevert J, Hebras C, Mcdougall A, Heisenberg
C-PJ. 2020. Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes tension-oriented
cell division. Developmental Cell. 55(6), 695–706.
mla: Godard, Benoit G., et al. “Apical Relaxation during Mitotic Rounding Promotes
Tension-Oriented Cell Division.” Developmental Cell, vol. 55, no. 6, Elsevier,
2020, pp. 695–706, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016.
short: B.G. Godard, R. Dumollard, E. Munro, J. Chenevert, C. Hebras, A. Mcdougall,
C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Developmental Cell 55 (2020) 695–706.
date_created: 2020-12-20T23:01:19Z
date_published: 2020-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-24T11:01:22Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016
external_id:
isi:
- '000600665700008'
pmid:
- '33207225'
intvolume: ' 55'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 695-706
pmid: 1
publication: Developmental Cell
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- '18781551'
issn:
- '15345807'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/relaxing-cell-divisions/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes tension-oriented cell division
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 55
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7227'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Gastrulation entails specification and formation of three embryonic germ layers—ectoderm,
mesoderm and endoderm—thereby establishing the basis for the future body plan.
In zebrafish embryos, germ layer specification occurs during blastula and early
gastrula stages (Ho & Kimmel, 1993), a period when the main morphogenetic movements
underlying gastrulation are initiated. Hence, the signals driving progenitor cell
fate specification, such as Nodal ligands from the TGF-β family, also play key
roles in regulating germ layer progenitor cell segregation (Carmany-Rampey & Schier,
2001; David & Rosa, 2001; Feldman et al., 2000; Gritsman et al., 1999; Keller
et al., 2008). In this review, we summarize and discuss the main signaling pathways
involved in germ layer progenitor cell fate specification and segregation, specifically
focusing on recent advances in understanding the interplay between mesoderm and
endoderm specification and the internalization movements at the onset of zebrafish
gastrulation.
acknowledgement: We thank Alexandra Schauer, Nicoletta Petridou and Feyza Nur Arslan
for comments on the manuscript. Research in the Heisenberg laboratory is supported
by an ERC Advanced Grant (MECSPEC 742573), ANR/FWF (I03601) and FWF/DFG (I03196)
International Cooperation Grants. D. Pinheiro acknowledges a fellowship from EMBO
ALTF (850-2017) and is currently supported by HFSP LTF (LT000429/2018-L2).
alternative_title:
- Current Topics in Developmental Biology
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Diana C
full_name: Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C
id: 2E839F16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nunes Pinheiro
orcid: 0000-0003-4333-7503
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: 'Nunes Pinheiro DC, Heisenberg C-PJ. Zebrafish gastrulation: Putting fate in
motion. In: Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form. Vol 136. Elsevier;
2020:343-375. doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.009'
apa: 'Nunes Pinheiro, D. C., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Zebrafish gastrulation:
Putting fate in motion. In Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form
(Vol. 136, pp. 343–375). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.009'
chicago: 'Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Zebrafish Gastrulation:
Putting Fate in Motion.” In Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form,
136:343–75. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.009.'
ieee: 'D. C. Nunes Pinheiro and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Zebrafish gastrulation: Putting
fate in motion,” in Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form, vol.
136, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 343–375.'
ista: 'Nunes Pinheiro DC, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020.Zebrafish gastrulation: Putting
fate in motion. In: Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form. Current Topics
in Developmental Biology, vol. 136, 343–375.'
mla: 'Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C., and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Zebrafish Gastrulation:
Putting Fate in Motion.” Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form,
vol. 136, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 343–75, doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.009.'
short: 'D.C. Nunes Pinheiro, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, in:, Gastrulation: From Embryonic
Pattern to Form, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 343–375.'
date_created: 2020-01-05T23:00:46Z
date_published: 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-06T14:54:36Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.009
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000611830600013'
pmid:
- '31959295'
intvolume: ' 136'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 343-375
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 2646861A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: I03601
name: Control of embryonic cleavage pattern
- _id: 2608FC64-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: I03196
name: Control of epithelial cell layer spreading in zebrafish
- _id: 266BC5CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000429
name: Coordination of mesendoderm fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
- _id: 26520D1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 850-2017
name: Coordination of mesendoderm cell fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
publication: 'Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '00702153'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Zebrafish gastrulation: Putting fate in motion'
type: book_chapter
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 136
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7410'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation movement describing the thinning and
spreading of a sheet or multi-layer of cells. The zebrafish embryo has emerged
as a vital model system to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms that
drive epiboly. In the zebrafish embryo, the blastoderm, consisting of a simple
squamous epithelium (the enveloping layer) and an underlying mass of deep cells,
as well as a yolk nuclear syncytium (the yolk syncytial layer) undergo epiboly
to internalize the yolk cell during gastrulation. The major events during zebrafish
epiboly are: expansion of the enveloping layer and the internal yolk syncytial
layer, reduction and removal of the yolk membrane ahead of the advancing blastoderm
margin and deep cell rearrangements between the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial
layer to thin the blastoderm. Here, work addressing the cellular and molecular
mechanisms as well as the sources of the mechanical forces that underlie these
events is reviewed. The contribution of recent findings to the current model of
epiboly as well as open questions and future prospects are also discussed.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ashley E.E.
full_name: Bruce, Ashley E.E.
last_name: Bruce
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: 'Bruce AEE, Heisenberg C-PJ. Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly: A current view.
In: Solnica-Krezel L, ed. Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form.
Vol 136. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Elsevier; 2020:319-341. doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001'
apa: 'Bruce, A. E. E., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Mechanisms of zebrafish
epiboly: A current view. In L. Solnica-Krezel (Ed.), Gastrulation: From Embryonic
Pattern to Form (Vol. 136, pp. 319–341). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001'
chicago: 'Bruce, Ashley E.E., and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Mechanisms of Zebrafish
Epiboly: A Current View.” In Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form,
edited by Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, 136:319–41. Current Topics in Developmental
Biology. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001.'
ieee: 'A. E. E. Bruce and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly:
A current view,” in Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form, vol.
136, L. Solnica-Krezel, Ed. Elsevier, 2020, pp. 319–341.'
ista: 'Bruce AEE, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020.Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly: A current
view. In: Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form. vol. 136, 319–341.'
mla: 'Bruce, Ashley E. E., and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Mechanisms of Zebrafish
Epiboly: A Current View.” Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form,
edited by Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, vol. 136, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 319–41, doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001.'
short: 'A.E.E. Bruce, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, in:, L. Solnica-Krezel (Ed.), Gastrulation:
From Embryonic Pattern to Form, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 319–341.'
date_created: 2020-01-30T09:24:06Z
date_published: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-22T13:23:09Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001
editor:
- first_name: 'Lilianna '
full_name: 'Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna '
last_name: Solnica-Krezel
external_id:
isi:
- '000611830600012'
intvolume: ' 136'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 319-341
publication: 'Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form'
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9780128127988'
issn:
- 0070-2153
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
series_title: Current Topics in Developmental Biology
status: public
title: 'Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly: A current view'
type: book_chapter
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 136
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9750'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Tension of the actomyosin cell cortex plays a key role in determining cell-cell
contact growth and size. The level of cortical tension outside of the cell-cell
contact, when pulling at the contact edge, scales with the total size to which
a cell-cell contact can grow1,2. Here we show in zebrafish primary germ layer
progenitor cells that this monotonic relationship only applies to a narrow range
of cortical tension increase, and that above a critical threshold, contact size
inversely scales with cortical tension. This switch from cortical tension increasing
to decreasing progenitor cell-cell contact size is caused by cortical tension
promoting E-cadherin anchoring to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, thereby increasing
clustering and stability of E-cadherin at the contact. Once tension-mediated E-cadherin
stabilization at the contact exceeds a critical threshold level, the rate by which
the contact expands in response to pulling forces from the cortex sharply drops,
leading to smaller contacts at physiologically relevant timescales of contact
formation. Thus, the activity of cortical tension in expanding cell-cell contact
size is limited by tension stabilizing E-cadherin-actin complexes at the contact.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Edouard Hannezo for discussions, Shayan Shami
Pour and Daniel Capek for help with data analysis, Vanessa Barone and other members
of the Heisenberg laboratory for thoughtful discussions and comments on the manuscript.
We also thank Jack Merrin for preparing the microwells, and the Scientific Service
Units at IST Austria, specifically Bioimaging and Electron Microscopy, and the Zebrafish
Facility for continuous support. We acknowledge Hitoshi Morita for the kind gift
of VinculinB-GFP plasmid. This research was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (MECSPEC)
to C.-P.H, EMBO Long Term grant (ALTF 187-2013) to M.S and IST Fellow Marie-Curie
COFUND No. P_IST_EU01 to J.S.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jana
full_name: Slovakova, Jana
id: 30F3F2F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Slovakova
- first_name: Mateusz K
full_name: Sikora, Mateusz K
id: 2F74BCDE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sikora
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia
id: 2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Caballero Mancebo
orcid: 0000-0002-5223-3346
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Krens, Gabriel
id: 2B819732-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Krens
orcid: 0000-0003-4761-5996
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Kaufmann, Walter
id: 3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kaufmann
orcid: 0000-0001-9735-5315
- first_name: Karla
full_name: Huljev, Karla
id: 44C6F6A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Huljev
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Slovakova J, Sikora MK, Caballero Mancebo S, et al. Tension-dependent stabilization
of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
apa: Slovakova, J., Sikora, M. K., Caballero Mancebo, S., Krens, G., Kaufmann, W.,
Huljev, K., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Tension-dependent stabilization
of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion. bioRxiv. Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
chicago: Slovakova, Jana, Mateusz K Sikora, Silvia Caballero Mancebo, Gabriel Krens,
Walter Kaufmann, Karla Huljev, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Tension-Dependent
Stabilization of E-Cadherin Limits Cell-Cell Contact Expansion.” BioRxiv.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
ieee: J. Slovakova et al., “Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin
limits cell-cell contact expansion,” bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,
2020.
ista: Slovakova J, Sikora MK, Caballero Mancebo S, Krens G, Kaufmann W, Huljev K,
Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020. Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell
contact expansion. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
mla: Slovakova, Jana, et al. “Tension-Dependent Stabilization of E-Cadherin Limits
Cell-Cell Contact Expansion.” BioRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020,
doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
short: J. Slovakova, M.K. Sikora, S. Caballero Mancebo, G. Krens, W. Kaufmann, K.
Huljev, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, BioRxiv (2020).
date_created: 2021-07-29T11:29:50Z
date_published: 2020-11-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-27T23:30:18Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
ec_funded: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: '41'
project:
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '291734'
name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 2521E28E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: 187-2013
name: Modulation of adhesion function in cell-cell contact formation by cortical
tension
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
related_material:
record:
- id: '10766'
relation: later_version
status: public
- id: '9623'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8350'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of tens of thousands
of macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks and cytosol. The structure
of the cytoplasm is thought to be highly organized and heterogeneous due to the
crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such
an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules is very restricted, an
effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite
the jammed nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization
of cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as nuclear positioning
and cell division. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved,
especially for very large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can
span hundreds of micrometers in size, has only begun to be understood.\r\nIn this
thesis, I focus on the recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular
and biophysical principles underlying cytoplasmic organization across different
scales, structures and species. First, I outline which of these principles have
been identified by reductionist approaches, such as in vitro reconstitution assays,
where boundary conditions and components can be modulated at ease. I then describe
how the theoretical and experimental framework established in these reduced systems
have been applied to their more complex in vivo counterparts, in particular oocytes
and embryonic syncytial structures, and discuss how such complex biological systems
can initiate symmetry breaking and establish patterning.\r\nSpecifically, I examine
an example of large-scale reorganizations taking place in zebrafish embryos, where
extensive cytoplasmic streaming leads to the segregation of cytoplasm from yolk
granules along the animal-vegetal axis of the embryo. Using biophysical experimentation
and theory, I investigate the forces underlying this process, to show that this
process does not rely on cortical actin reorganization, as previously thought,
but instead on a cell-cycle-dependent bulk actin polymerization wave traveling
from the animal to the vegetal pole of the embryo. This wave functions in segregation
by both pulling cytoplasm animally and pushing yolk granules vegetally. Cytoplasm
pulling is mediated by bulk actin network flows exerting friction forces on the
cytoplasm, while yolk granule pushing is achieved by a mechanism closely resembling
actin comet formation on yolk granules. This study defines a novel role of bulk
actin polymerization waves in embryo polarization via cytoplasmic segregation.
Lastly, I describe the cytoplasmic reorganizations taking place during zebrafish
oocyte maturation, where the initial segregation of the cytoplasm and yolk granules
occurs. Here, I demonstrate a previously uncharacterized wave of microtubule aster
formation, traveling the oocyte along the animal-vegetal axis. Further research
is required to determine the role of such microtubule structures in cytoplasmic
reorganizations therein.\r\nCollectively, these studies provide further evidence
for the coupling between cell cytoskeleton and cell cycle machinery, which can
underlie a core self-organizing mechanism for orchestrating large-scale reorganizations
in a cell-cycle-tunable manner, where the modulations of the force-generating
machinery and cytoplasmic mechanics can be harbored to fulfill cellular functions."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: "I would have had no fish and hence no results without our wonderful
fish facility crew, Verena Mayer, Eva Schlegl, Andreas Mlak and Matthias Nowak.
Special thanks to Verena for being always happy to help and dealing with our chaotic
schedules in the lab. Danke auch, Verena, für deine Geduld, mit mir auf Deutsch
zu sprechen. Das hat mir sehr geholfen.\r\nSpecial thanks to the Bioimaging and
EM facilities at IST Austria for supporting us every day. Very special thanks would
go to Robert Hauschild for his continuous support on data analysis and also to Jack
Merrin for designing and building microfabricated chambers for the project and for
the various discussions on making zebrafish extracts."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Shamipour, Shayan
id: 40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shamipour
citation:
ama: Shamipour S. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
apa: Shamipour, S. (2020). Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
chicago: Shamipour, Shayan. “Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
ieee: S. Shamipour, “Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Shamipour S. 2020. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Shamipour, Shayan. Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
short: S. Shamipour, Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish Oocytes
, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-09-09T11:12:10Z
date_published: 2020-09-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-27T14:16:45Z
day: '09'
ddc:
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degree_awarded: PhD
department:
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- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
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publication_identifier:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '661'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6508'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '7001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '735'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Björn
full_name: Hof, Björn
id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hof
orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: 'Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes '
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...