---
_id: '11499'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Deep optical spectroscopic surveys of galaxies provide a unique opportunity
to investigate rest-frame ultra-violet (UV) emission line properties of galaxies
at z ∼ 2 − 4.5. Here we combine VLT/MUSE Guaranteed Time Observations of the Hubble
Deep Field South, Ultra Deep Field, COSMOS, and several quasar fields with other
publicly available data from VLT/VIMOS and VLT/FORS2 to construct a catalogue
of He II λ1640 emitters at z ≳ 2. The deepest areas of our MUSE pointings reach
a 3σ line flux limit of 3.1 × 10−19 erg s−1 cm−2. After discarding broad-line
active galactic nuclei, we find 13 He II λ1640 detections from MUSE with a median
MUV = −20.1 and 21 tentative He II λ1640 detections from other public surveys.
Excluding Lyα, all except two galaxies in our sample show at least one other rest-UV
emission line, with C III] λ1907, λ1909 being the most prominent. We use multi-wavelength
data available in the Hubble legacy fields to derive basic galaxy properties of
our sample through spectral energy distribution fitting techniques. Taking advantage
of the high-quality spectra obtained by MUSE (∼10 − 30 h of exposure time per
pointing), we use photo-ionisation models to study the rest-UV emission line diagnostics
of the He II λ1640 emitters. Line ratios of our sample can be reproduced by moderately
sub-solar photo-ionisation models, however, we find that including effects of
binary stars lead to degeneracies in most free parameters. Even after considering
extra ionising photons produced by extreme sub-solar metallicity binary stellar
models, photo-ionisation models are unable to reproduce rest-frame He II λ1640
equivalent widths (∼0.2 − 10 Å), thus additional mechanisms are necessary in models
to match the observed He II λ1640 properties.
acknowledgement: 'The authors wish to thank the referee for constructive comments
that improved the paper substantially. We thank the BPASS team for making the stellar
population models available. We thank Elizabeth Stanway, Claus Leitherer, Daniel
Schaerer, Jorick Vink, and Nell Byler for insightful discussions. We thank the Lorentz
Centre and the scientific organizers of the Characterizing galaxies with spectroscopy
with a view for JWST workshop held at the Lorentz Centre in 2017 October, which
promoted useful discussions in the wider community. TN, JB, and RB acknowledges
the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) top grant TOP1.16.057.
AF acknowledges support from the ERC via an Advanced Grant under grant agreement
no. 339659-MUSICOS. JB acknowledges support by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
(FCT) through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2013) and Investigador FCT contract
IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003, and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672).
JR acknowledges support from the ERC Starting grant 336736 (CALENDS). This research
made use of astropy (http://www.astropy.org) a community-developed core Python package
for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018) and pandas (McKinney 2010). Figures
were generated using matplotlib (Hunter 2007) and seaborn (https://seaborn.pydata.org).
Facilities: VLT (MUSE).'
article_number: A89
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Themiya
full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
last_name: Nanayakkara
- first_name: Jarle
full_name: Brinchmann, Jarle
last_name: Brinchmann
- first_name: Leindert
full_name: Boogaard, Leindert
last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Rychard
full_name: Bouwens, Rychard
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: Sebastiano
full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Feltre, Anna
last_name: Feltre
- first_name: Wolfram
full_name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
last_name: Kollatschny
- first_name: Raffaella Anna
full_name: Marino, Raffaella Anna
last_name: Marino
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Maseda, Michael
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Mieke
full_name: Paalvast, Mieke
last_name: Paalvast
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Richard, Johan
last_name: Richard
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Verhamme, Anne
last_name: Verhamme
citation:
ama: Nanayakkara T, Brinchmann J, Boogaard L, et al. Exploring He II λ1640 emission
line properties at z ∼2−4. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2019;648. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834565
apa: Nanayakkara, T., Brinchmann, J., Boogaard, L., Bouwens, R., Cantalupo, S.,
Feltre, A., … Verhamme, A. (2019). Exploring He II λ1640 emission line properties
at z ∼2−4. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834565
chicago: Nanayakkara, Themiya, Jarle Brinchmann, Leindert Boogaard, Rychard Bouwens,
Sebastiano Cantalupo, Anna Feltre, Wolfram Kollatschny, et al. “Exploring He II Λ1640
Emission Line Properties at z ∼2−4.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP
Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834565.
ieee: T. Nanayakkara et al., “Exploring He II λ1640 emission line properties
at z ∼2−4,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 648. EDP Sciences, 2019.
ista: Nanayakkara T, Brinchmann J, Boogaard L, Bouwens R, Cantalupo S, Feltre A,
Kollatschny W, Marino RA, Maseda M, Matthee JJ, Paalvast M, Richard J, Verhamme
A. 2019. Exploring He II λ1640 emission line properties at z ∼2−4. Astronomy &
Astrophysics. 648, A89.
mla: Nanayakkara, Themiya, et al. “Exploring He II Λ1640 Emission Line Properties
at z ∼2−4.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 648, A89, EDP Sciences,
2019, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834565.
short: T. Nanayakkara, J. Brinchmann, L. Boogaard, R. Bouwens, S. Cantalupo, A.
Feltre, W. Kollatschny, R.A. Marino, M. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, M. Paalvast, J.
Richard, A. Verhamme, Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T09:07:06Z
date_published: 2019-04-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:36:08Z
day: '16'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834565
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1902.05960'
intvolume: ' 648'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: ISM / galaxies: star formation / galaxies: evolution / galaxies: high-redshift'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05960
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: erratum
url: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834565e
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Exploring He II λ1640 emission line properties at z ∼2−4
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 648
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Contact. This paper presents the results obtained with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic
Explorer (MUSE) at the ESO Very Large Telescope on the faint end of the Lyman-alpha
luminosity function (LF) based on deep observations of four lensing clusters.
The goal of our project is to set strong constraints on the relative contribution
of the Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) population to cosmic reionization.\r\n\r\nAims.
The precise aim of the present study is to further constrain the abundance of
LAEs by taking advantage of the magnification provided by lensing clusters to
build a blindly selected sample of galaxies which is less biased than current
blank field samples in redshift and luminosity. By construction, this sample of
LAEs is complementary to those built from deep blank fields, whether observed
by MUSE or by other facilities, and makes it possible to determine the shape of
the LF at fainter levels, as well as its evolution with redshift.\r\n\r\nMethods.
We selected a sample of 156 LAEs with redshifts between 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 and magnification-corrected
luminosities in the range 39 ≲ log LLyα [erg s−1] ≲43. To properly take into account
the individual differences in detection conditions between the LAEs when computing
the LF, including lensing configurations, and spatial and spectral morphologies,
the non-parametric 1/Vmax method was adopted. The price to pay to benefit from
magnification is a reduction of the effective volume of the survey, together with
a more complex analysis procedure to properly determine the effective volume Vmax
for each galaxy. In this paper we present a complete procedure for the determination
of the LF based on IFU detections in lensing clusters. This procedure, including
some new methods for masking, effective volume integration and (individual) completeness
determinations, has been fully automated when possible, and it can be easily generalized
to the analysis of IFU observations in blank fields.\r\n\r\nResults. As a result
of this analysis, the Lyman-alpha LF has been obtained in four different redshift
bins: 2.9 < z < 6, 7, 2.9 < z < 4.0, 4.0 < z < 5.0, and 5.0 < z < 6.7
with constraints down to log LLyα = 40.5. From our data only, no significant evolution
of LF mean slope can be found. When performing a Schechter analysis also including
data from the literature to complete the present sample towards the brightest
luminosities, a steep faint end slope was measured varying from α = −1.69−0.08+0.08
to α = −1.87−0.12+0.12 between the lowest and the highest redshift bins.\r\n\r\nConclusions.
The contribution of the LAE population to the star formation rate density at z ∼ 6
is ≲50% depending on the luminosity limit considered, which is of the same order
as the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) contribution. The evolution of the LAE contribution
with redshift depends on the assumed escape fraction of Lyman-alpha photons, and
appears to slightly increase with increasing redshift when this fraction is conservatively
set to one. Depending on the intersection between the LAE/LBG populations, the
contribution of the observed galaxies to the ionizing flux may suffice to keep
the universe ionized at z ∼ 6."
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for their critical review and useful
suggestions. This work has been carried out thanks to the support of the OCEVU Labex
(ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the “Investissements
d’Avenir” French government programme managed by the ANR. Partially funded by the
ERC starting grant CALENDS (JR, VP, BC, JM), the Agence Nationale de la recherche
bearing the reference ANR-13-BS05-0010-02 (FOGHAR), and the “Programme National
de Cosmologie and Galaxies” (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France. GdV, RP, JR, GM, JM, BC,
and VP also acknowledge support by the Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica – ECOS
SUD Program C16U02. NL acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement No 669253), ABD acknowledges support from the ERC advanced grant “Cosmic
Gas”. LW acknowledges support by the Competitive Fund of the Leibniz Association
through grant SAW-2015-AIP-2, and TG acknowledges support from the European Research
Council under grant agreement ERC-stg-757258 (TRIPLE).. Based on observations made
with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 060.A-9345,
094.A-0115, 095.A-0181, 096.A-0710, 097.A0269, 100.A-0249, and 294.A-5032. Also
based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved
from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science
Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This research made use of Astropy,
a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013).
All plots in this paper were created using Matplotlib (Hunter 2007).
article_number: A3
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: G.
full_name: de La Vieuville, G.
last_name: de La Vieuville
- first_name: D.
full_name: Bina, D.
last_name: Bina
- first_name: R.
full_name: Pello, R.
last_name: Pello
- first_name: G.
full_name: Mahler, G.
last_name: Mahler
- first_name: J.
full_name: Richard, J.
last_name: Richard
- first_name: A. B.
full_name: Drake, A. B.
last_name: Drake
- first_name: E. C.
full_name: Herenz, E. C.
last_name: Herenz
- first_name: F. E.
full_name: Bauer, F. E.
last_name: Bauer
- first_name: B.
full_name: Clément, B.
last_name: Clément
- first_name: D.
full_name: Lagattuta, D.
last_name: Lagattuta
- first_name: N.
full_name: Laporte, N.
last_name: Laporte
- first_name: J.
full_name: Martinez, J.
last_name: Martinez
- first_name: V.
full_name: Patrício, V.
last_name: Patrício
- first_name: L.
full_name: Wisotzki, L.
last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: J.
full_name: Zabl, J.
last_name: Zabl
- first_name: R. J.
full_name: Bouwens, R. J.
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: T.
full_name: Contini, T.
last_name: Contini
- first_name: T.
full_name: Garel, T.
last_name: Garel
- first_name: B.
full_name: Guiderdoni, B.
last_name: Guiderdoni
- first_name: R. A.
full_name: Marino, R. A.
last_name: Marino
- first_name: M. V.
full_name: Maseda, M. V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: J.
full_name: Schaye, J.
last_name: Schaye
- first_name: G.
full_name: Soucail, G.
last_name: Soucail
citation:
ama: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, et al. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity
function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy
& Astrophysics. 2019;628. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
apa: de La Vieuville, G., Bina, D., Pello, R., Mahler, G., Richard, J., Drake, A.
B., … Soucail, G. (2019). Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha
emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy & Astrophysics.
EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
chicago: La Vieuville, G. de, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A. B. Drake,
E. C. Herenz, et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of Lyman-Alpha
Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” Astronomy & Astrophysics.
EDP Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471.
ieee: G. de La Vieuville et al., “Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE,” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 628. EDP Sciences, 2019.
ista: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, Mahler G, Richard J, Drake AB, Herenz
EC, Bauer FE, Clément B, Lagattuta D, Laporte N, Martinez J, Patrício V, Wisotzki
L, Zabl J, Bouwens RJ, Contini T, Garel T, Guiderdoni B, Marino RA, Maseda MV,
Matthee JJ, Schaye J, Soucail G. 2019. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy
& Astrophysics. 628, A3.
mla: de La Vieuville, G., et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of
Lyman-Alpha Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 628, A3, EDP Sciences, 2019, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834471.
short: G. de La Vieuville, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A.B. Drake,
E.C. Herenz, F.E. Bauer, B. Clément, D. Lagattuta, N. Laporte, J. Martinez, V.
Patrício, L. Wisotzki, J. Zabl, R.J. Bouwens, T. Contini, T. Garel, B. Guiderdoni,
R.A. Marino, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, J. Schaye, G. Soucail, Astronomy &
Astrophysics 628 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T10:09:36Z
date_published: 2019-07-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:36:31Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1905.13696'
intvolume: ' 628'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'gravitational lensing: strong / galaxies: high-redshift / dark ages'
- reionization
- 'first stars / galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: luminosity function'
- mass function
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13696
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind
lensing clusters observed with MUSE
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 628
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11507'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Lyman-α (Lyα) is intrinsically the brightest line emitted from active galaxies.
While it originates from many physical processes, for star-forming galaxies the
intrinsic Lyα luminosity is a direct tracer of the Lyman-continuum (LyC) radiation
produced by the most massive O- and early-type B-stars (M⋆ ≳ 10 M⊙) with lifetimes
of a few Myrs. As such, Lyα luminosity should be an excellent instantaneous star
formation rate (SFR) indicator. However, its resonant nature and susceptibility
to dust as a rest-frame UV photon makes Lyα very hard to interpret due to the
uncertain Lyα escape fraction, fesc, Lyα. Here we explore results from the CAlibrating
LYMan-α with Hα (CALYMHA) survey at z = 2.2, follow-up of Lyα emitters (LAEs)
at z = 2.2 − 2.6 and a z ∼ 0−0.3 compilation of LAEs to directly measure fesc, Lyα
with Hα. We derive a simple empirical relation that robustly retrieves fesc, Lyα
as a function of Lyα rest-frame EW (EW0): fesc,Lyα = 0.0048 EW0[Å] ± 0.05 and
we show that it constrains a well-defined anti-correlation between ionisation
efficiency (ξion) and dust extinction in LAEs. Observed Lyα luminosities and EW0
are easy measurable quantities at high redshift, thus making our relation a practical
tool to estimate intrinsic Lyα and LyC luminosities under well controlled and
simple assumptions. Our results allow observed Lyα luminosities to be used to
compute SFRs for LAEs at z ∼ 0−2.6 within ±0.2 dex of the Hα dust corrected SFRs.
We apply our empirical SFR(Lyα,EW0) calibration to several sources at z ≥ 2.6
to find that star-forming LAEs have SFRs typically ranging from 0.1 to 20 M⊙ yr−1
and that our calibration might be even applicable for the most luminous LAEs within
the epoch of re-ionisation. Our results imply high ionisation efficiencies (log10[ξion/Hz erg−1]
= 25.4−25.6) and low dust content in LAEs across cosmic time, and will be easily
tested with future observations with JWST which can obtain Hα and Hβ measurements
for high-redshift LAEs.'
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referees for multiple comments and suggestions
which have improved the manuscript. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD
fellowship from Leiden University. We have benefited greatly from the publicly available
programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY & SCIPY (Van Der Walt et al. 2011;
Jones et al. 2001), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration
2013) packages, and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013). The results and samples
of LAEs used for this paper are publicly available (see e.g. Sobral et al. 2017,
2018a) and we also provide the toy model used as a PYTHON script.
article_number: A157
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
citation:
ama: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ. Predicting Lyα escape fractions with a simple observable:
Lyα in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator. Astronomy
& Astrophysics. 2019;623. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833075'
apa: 'Sobral, D., & Matthee, J. J. (2019). Predicting Lyα escape fractions with
a simple observable: Lyα in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation
rate indicator. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833075'
chicago: 'Sobral, David, and Jorryt J Matthee. “Predicting Lyα Escape Fractions
with a Simple Observable: Lyα in Emission as an Empirically Calibrated Star Formation
Rate Indicator.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833075.'
ieee: 'D. Sobral and J. J. Matthee, “Predicting Lyα escape fractions with a simple
observable: Lyα in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator,”
Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 623. EDP Sciences, 2019.'
ista: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ. 2019. Predicting Lyα escape fractions with a simple
observable: Lyα in emission as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator.
Astronomy & Astrophysics. 623, A157.'
mla: 'Sobral, David, and Jorryt J. Matthee. “Predicting Lyα Escape Fractions with
a Simple Observable: Lyα in Emission as an Empirically Calibrated Star Formation
Rate Indicator.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 623, A157, EDP Sciences,
2019, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833075.'
short: D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, Astronomy & Astrophysics 623 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T11:08:16Z
date_published: 2019-03-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:37:20Z
day: '26'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833075
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1803.08923'
intvolume: ' 623'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: star formation / galaxies: statistics / galaxies:
evolution / galaxies: formation / galaxies: ISM'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.08923
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Predicting Lyα escape fractions with a simple observable: Lyα in emission
as an empirically calibrated star formation rate indicator'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 623
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We discuss the nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies
in the ALMA spectroscopic survey (ASPECS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF).
We capitalize on the deep optical integral-field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit
Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) HUDF Survey and multiwavelength data to uniquely
associate all 16 line emitters, detected in the ALMA data without preselection,
with rotational transitions of carbon monoxide (CO). We identify 10 as CO(2–1)
at 1 < z < 2, 5 as CO(3–2) at 2 < z < 3, and 1 as CO(4–3) at z = 3.6. Using the
MUSE data as a prior, we identify two additional CO(2–1) emitters, increasing
the total sample size to 18. We infer metallicities consistent with (super-)solar
for the CO-detected galaxies at z ≤ 1.5, motivating our choice of a Galactic conversion
factor between CO luminosity and molecular gas mass for these galaxies. Using
deep Chandra imaging of the HUDF, we determine an X-ray AGN fraction of 20% and
60% among the CO emitters at z ∼ 1.4 and z ∼ 2.6, respectively. Being a CO-flux-limited
survey, ASPECS-LP detects molecular gas in galaxies on, above, and below the main
sequence (MS) at z ∼ 1.4. For stellar masses ≥1010 (1010.5) ${M}_{\odot }$, we
detect about 40% (50%) of all galaxies in the HUDF at 1 < z < 2 (2 < z < 3). The
combination of ALMA and MUSE integral-field spectroscopy thus enables an unprecedented
view of MS galaxies during the peak of galaxy formation.
acknowledgement: "We are grateful to the referee for providing a constructive report.
L.A.B. wants to thank Madusha L.P. Gunawardhana for her help with platefit. Based
on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme(s):
094.A-2089(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), and 096.A-0045(B). This paper makes
use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2016.1.00324.L. ALMA is a partnership
of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with
NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation
with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO,
and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National
Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities,
Inc.\r\n\r\n\"Este trabajo contó con el apoyo de CONICYT+Programa de Astronomía+
Fondo CHINA-CONICYT\" J.G-L. acknowledges partial support from ALMA-CONICYT project
31160033. F.E.B. acknowledges support from CONICYT grant Basal AFB-170002 (FEB),
and the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative
through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS
(FEB). J.B. acknowledges support by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
through national funds (UID/FIS/04434/2013) and Investigador FCT contract IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003.,
and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672). T.D-S. acknowledges
support from ALMA-CONYCIT project 31130005 and FONDECYT project 1151239. J.H. acknowledges
support of the VIDI research programme with project number 639.042.611, which is
(partly) financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).
D.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-1614213.
I.R.S. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant DUSTYGAL (321334) and STFC
(ST/P000541/1)\r\n\r\nWork on Gnuastro has been funded by the Japanese MEXT scholarship
and its Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (21244012, 24253003), the ERC advanced
grant 339659-MUSICOS, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN, and
from the Spanish MINECO under grant No. AYA2016-76219-P."
article_number: '140'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Leindert A.
full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A.
last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Roberto
full_name: Decarli, Roberto
last_name: Decarli
- first_name: Jorge
full_name: González-López, Jorge
last_name: González-López
- first_name: Paul
full_name: van der Werf, Paul
last_name: van der Werf
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Walter, Fabian
last_name: Walter
- first_name: Rychard
full_name: Bouwens, Rychard
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: Manuel
full_name: Aravena, Manuel
last_name: Aravena
- first_name: Chris
full_name: Carilli, Chris
last_name: Carilli
- first_name: Franz Erik
full_name: Bauer, Franz Erik
last_name: Bauer
- first_name: Jarle
full_name: Brinchmann, Jarle
last_name: Brinchmann
- first_name: Thierry
full_name: Contini, Thierry
last_name: Contini
- first_name: Pierre
full_name: Cox, Pierre
last_name: Cox
- first_name: Elisabete
full_name: da Cunha, Elisabete
last_name: da Cunha
- first_name: Emanuele
full_name: Daddi, Emanuele
last_name: Daddi
- first_name: Tanio
full_name: Díaz-Santos, Tanio
last_name: Díaz-Santos
- first_name: Jacqueline
full_name: Hodge, Jacqueline
last_name: Hodge
- first_name: Hanae
full_name: Inami, Hanae
last_name: Inami
- first_name: Rob
full_name: Ivison, Rob
last_name: Ivison
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Maseda, Michael
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Oesch, Pascal
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Gergö
full_name: Popping, Gergö
last_name: Popping
- first_name: Dominik
full_name: Riechers, Dominik
last_name: Riechers
- first_name: Joop
full_name: Schaye, Joop
last_name: Schaye
- first_name: Sander
full_name: Schouws, Sander
last_name: Schouws
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: Axel
full_name: Weiss, Axel
last_name: Weiss
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Wisotzki, Lutz
last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Bacon, Roland
last_name: Bacon
- first_name: Paulo C.
full_name: Cortes, Paulo C.
last_name: Cortes
- first_name: Hans-Walter
full_name: Rix, Hans-Walter
last_name: Rix
- first_name: Rachel S.
full_name: Somerville, Rachel S.
last_name: Somerville
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Swinbank, Mark
last_name: Swinbank
- first_name: Jeff
full_name: Wagg, Jeff
last_name: Wagg
citation:
ama: 'Boogaard LA, Decarli R, González-López J, et al. The ALMA spectroscopic survey
in the HUDF: Nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies using
MUSE spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019;882(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3102'
apa: 'Boogaard, L. A., Decarli, R., González-López, J., van der Werf, P., Walter,
F., Bouwens, R., … Wagg, J. (2019). The ALMA spectroscopic survey in the HUDF:
Nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies using MUSE spectroscopy.
The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3102'
chicago: 'Boogaard, Leindert A., Roberto Decarli, Jorge González-López, Paul van
der Werf, Fabian Walter, Rychard Bouwens, Manuel Aravena, et al. “The ALMA Spectroscopic
Survey in the HUDF: Nature and Physical Properties of Gas-Mass Selected Galaxies
Using MUSE Spectroscopy.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3102.'
ieee: 'L. A. Boogaard et al., “The ALMA spectroscopic survey in the HUDF:
Nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies using MUSE spectroscopy,”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 882, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2019.'
ista: 'Boogaard LA, Decarli R, González-López J, van der Werf P, Walter F, Bouwens
R, Aravena M, Carilli C, Bauer FE, Brinchmann J, Contini T, Cox P, da Cunha E,
Daddi E, Díaz-Santos T, Hodge J, Inami H, Ivison R, Maseda M, Matthee JJ, Oesch
P, Popping G, Riechers D, Schaye J, Schouws S, Smail I, Weiss A, Wisotzki L, Bacon
R, Cortes PC, Rix H-W, Somerville RS, Swinbank M, Wagg J. 2019. The ALMA spectroscopic
survey in the HUDF: Nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies
using MUSE spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal. 882(2), 140.'
mla: 'Boogaard, Leindert A., et al. “The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF:
Nature and Physical Properties of Gas-Mass Selected Galaxies Using MUSE Spectroscopy.”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 882, no. 2, 140, IOP Publishing, 2019,
doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3102.'
short: L.A. Boogaard, R. Decarli, J. González-López, P. van der Werf, F. Walter,
R. Bouwens, M. Aravena, C. Carilli, F.E. Bauer, J. Brinchmann, T. Contini, P.
Cox, E. da Cunha, E. Daddi, T. Díaz-Santos, J. Hodge, H. Inami, R. Ivison, M.
Maseda, J.J. Matthee, P. Oesch, G. Popping, D. Riechers, J. Schaye, S. Schouws,
I. Smail, A. Weiss, L. Wisotzki, R. Bacon, P.C. Cortes, H.-W. Rix, R.S. Somerville,
M. Swinbank, J. Wagg, The Astrophysical Journal 882 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T13:31:35Z
date_published: 2019-09-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:50:55Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3102
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1903.09167'
intvolume: ' 882'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09167
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The ALMA spectroscopic survey in the HUDF: Nature and physical properties
of gas-mass selected galaxies using MUSE spectroscopy'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 882
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11516'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The well-known quasar SDSS J095253.83+011421.9 (J0952+0114) at z = 3.02 has
one of the most peculiar spectra discovered so far, showing the presence of narrow
Lyα and broad metal emission lines. Although recent studies have suggested that
a proximate damped Lyα absorption (PDLA) system causes this peculiar spectrum,
the origin of the gas associated with the PDLA is unknown. Here we report the
results of observations with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) that
reveal a new giant (≈100 physical kpc) Lyα nebula. The detailed analysis of the
Lyα velocity, velocity dispersion, and surface brightness profiles suggests that
the J0952+0114 Lyα nebula shares similar properties with other QSO nebulae previously
detected with MUSE, implying that the PDLA in J0952+0144 is covering only a small
fraction of the solid angle of the QSO emission. We also detected bright and spectrally
narrow C iv λ1550 and He ii λ1640 extended emission around J0952+0114 with velocity
centroids similar to the peak of the extended and central narrow Lyα emission.
The presence of a peculiarly bright, unresolved, and relatively broad He ii λ1640
emission in the central region at exactly the same PDLA redshift hints at the
possibility that the PDLA originates in a clumpy outflow with a bulk velocity
of about 500 km s−1. The smaller velocity dispersion of the large-scale Lyα emission
suggests that the high-speed outflow is confined to the central region. Lastly,
the derived spatially resolved He ii/Lyα and C iv/Lyα maps show a positive gradient
with the distance to the QSO, hinting at a non-homogeneous distribution of the
ionization parameter.
acknowledgement: We thank Lutz Wisotzki for stimulating discussions. This work is
based on observations taken at ESO/VLT in Paranal and we would like to thank the
ESO staff for their assistance and support during the MUSE GTO campaigns. This work
was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. This research made use of
Astropy, a community-developed core PYTHON package for astronomy (Astropy Collaboration
et al. 2013), NumPy and SciPy (Oliphant 2007), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), IPython
(Perez & Granger 2007), and of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services.
S.C. and G.P. gratefully acknowledge support from Swiss National Science Foundation
grant PP00P2−163824. A.F. acknowledges support from the ERC via Advanced Grant under
grants agreement no. 339659-MUSICOS. J.B. acknowledges support by FCT/MCTES through
national funds by grant UID/FIS/04434/2019 and through Investigador FCT Contract
No. IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003. S.D.J. is supported by a NASA Hubble Fellowship
(HST-HF2-51375.001-A). T.N. acknowledges the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek (NWO) top grant TOP1.16.057.
article_number: '47'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Raffaella Anna
full_name: Marino, Raffaella Anna
last_name: Marino
- first_name: Sebastiano
full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Simon J.
full_name: Lilly, Simon J.
last_name: Lilly
- first_name: Sofia
full_name: Gallego, Sofia
last_name: Gallego
- first_name: Ruari
full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Jarle
full_name: Brinchmann, Jarle
last_name: Brinchmann
- first_name: Nicolas
full_name: Bouché, Nicolas
last_name: Bouché
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Feltre, Anna
last_name: Feltre
- first_name: Sowgat
full_name: Muzahid, Sowgat
last_name: Muzahid
- first_name: Ilane
full_name: Schroetter, Ilane
last_name: Schroetter
- first_name: Sean D.
full_name: Johnson, Sean D.
last_name: Johnson
- first_name: Themiya
full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
last_name: Nanayakkara
citation:
ama: Marino RA, Cantalupo S, Pezzulli G, et al. A giant Lyα nebula and a small-scale
clumpy outflow in the system of the exotic quasar J0952+0114 unveiled by MUSE.
The Astrophysical Journal. 2019;880(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2881
apa: Marino, R. A., Cantalupo, S., Pezzulli, G., Lilly, S. J., Gallego, S., Mackenzie,
R., … Nanayakkara, T. (2019). A giant Lyα nebula and a small-scale clumpy outflow
in the system of the exotic quasar J0952+0114 unveiled by MUSE. The Astrophysical
Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2881
chicago: Marino, Raffaella Anna, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Gabriele Pezzulli, Simon
J. Lilly, Sofia Gallego, Ruari Mackenzie, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “A Giant Lyα
Nebula and a Small-Scale Clumpy Outflow in the System of the Exotic Quasar J0952+0114
Unveiled by MUSE.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2881.
ieee: R. A. Marino et al., “A giant Lyα nebula and a small-scale clumpy outflow
in the system of the exotic quasar J0952+0114 unveiled by MUSE,” The Astrophysical
Journal, vol. 880, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2019.
ista: Marino RA, Cantalupo S, Pezzulli G, Lilly SJ, Gallego S, Mackenzie R, Matthee
JJ, Brinchmann J, Bouché N, Feltre A, Muzahid S, Schroetter I, Johnson SD, Nanayakkara
T. 2019. A giant Lyα nebula and a small-scale clumpy outflow in the system of
the exotic quasar J0952+0114 unveiled by MUSE. The Astrophysical Journal. 880(1),
47.
mla: Marino, Raffaella Anna, et al. “A Giant Lyα Nebula and a Small-Scale Clumpy
Outflow in the System of the Exotic Quasar J0952+0114 Unveiled by MUSE.” The
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 880, no. 1, 47, IOP Publishing, 2019, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2881.
short: R.A. Marino, S. Cantalupo, G. Pezzulli, S.J. Lilly, S. Gallego, R. Mackenzie,
J.J. Matthee, J. Brinchmann, N. Bouché, A. Feltre, S. Muzahid, I. Schroetter,
S.D. Johnson, T. Nanayakkara, The Astrophysical Journal 880 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T13:50:33Z
date_published: 2019-07-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:20:18Z
day: '24'
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2881
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1906.06347'
intvolume: ' 880'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06347
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A giant Lyα nebula and a small-scale clumpy outflow in the system of the exotic
quasar J0952+0114 unveiled by MUSE
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 880
year: '2019'
...