TY - JOUR AB - In this study, we propose a computational framework for optimizing the continuity of the toolpath in fabricating surface models on an extrusion-based 3D printer. Toolpath continuity is a critical issue that influences both the quality and the efficiency of extrusion-based fabrication. Transfer moves lead to rough and bumpy surfaces, where this phenomenon worsens for materials with large viscosity, like clay. The effects of continuity on the surface models are even more severe in terms of the quality of the surface and the stability of the model. We introduce a criterion called the one–path patch (OPP) to represent a patch on the surface of the shell that can be traversed along one path by considering the constraints on fabrication. We study the properties of the OPPs and their merging operations to propose a bottom-up OPP merging procedure to decompose the given shell surface into a minimal number of OPPs, and to generate the “as-continuous-as-possible” (ACAP) toolpath. Furthermore, we augment the path planning algorithm with a curved-layer printing scheme that reduces staircase defects and improves the continuity of the toolpath by connecting multiple segments. We evaluated the ACAP algorithm on ceramic and thermoplastic materials, and the results showed that it improves the fabrication of surface models in terms of both efficiency and surface quality. AU - Zhong, Fanchao AU - Xu, Yonglai AU - Zhao, Haisen AU - Lu, Lin ID - 13265 IS - 3 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics SN - 0730-0301 TI - As-Continuous-As-Possible extrusion-based fabrication of surface models VL - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities for Boolean cubes have been proven with dimension-free constants that grow subexponentially in the degree (Defant et al. in Math Ann 374(1):653–680, 2019). Such inequalities have found great applications in learning low-degree Boolean functions (Eskenazis and Ivanisvili in Proceedings of the 54th annual ACM SIGACT symposium on theory of computing, pp 203–207, 2022). Motivated by learning quantum observables, a qubit analogue of Bohnenblust–Hille inequality for Boolean cubes was recently conjectured in Rouzé et al. (Quantum Talagrand, KKL and Friedgut’s theorems and the learnability of quantum Boolean functions, 2022. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.07279). The conjecture was resolved in Huang et al. (Learning to predict arbitrary quantum processes, 2022. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.14894). In this paper, we give a new proof of these Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities for qubit system with constants that are dimension-free and of exponential growth in the degree. As a consequence, we obtain a junta theorem for low-degree polynomials. Using similar ideas, we also study learning problems of low degree quantum observables and Bohr’s radius phenomenon on quantum Boolean cubes. AU - Volberg, Alexander AU - Zhang, Haonan ID - 13318 JF - Mathematische Annalen SN - 0025-5831 TI - Noncommutative Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper, we prove the convexity of trace functionals (A,B,C)↦Tr|BpACq|s, for parameters (p, q, s) that are best possible, where B and C are any n-by-n positive-definite matrices, and A is any n-by-n matrix. We also obtain the monotonicity versions of trace functionals of this type. As applications, we extend some results in Carlen et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 490:174–185, 2016), Hiai and Petz (Publ Res Inst Math Sci 48(3):525-542, 2012) and resolve a conjecture in Al-Rashed and Zegarliński (Infin Dimens Anal Quantum Probab Relat Top 17(4):1450029, 2014) in the matrix setting. Other conjectures in Al-Rashed and Zegarliński (Infin Dimens Anal Quantum Probab Relat Top 17(4):1450029, 2014) will also be discussed. We also show that some related trace functionals are not concave in general. Such concavity results were expected to hold in different problems. AU - Zhang, Haonan ID - 13271 JF - Annales Henri Poincare SN - 1424-0637 TI - Some convexity and monotonicity results of trace functionals ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many human interactions feature the characteristics of social dilemmas where individual actions have consequences for the group and the environment. The feedback between behavior and environment can be studied with the framework of stochastic games. In stochastic games, the state of the environment can change, depending on the choices made by group members. Past work suggests that such feedback can reinforce cooperative behaviors. In particular, cooperation can evolve in stochastic games even if it is infeasible in each separate repeated game. In stochastic games, participants have an interest in conditioning their strategies on the state of the environment. Yet in many applications, precise information about the state could be scarce. Here, we study how the availability of information (or lack thereof) shapes evolution of cooperation. Already for simple examples of two state games we find surprising effects. In some cases, cooperation is only possible if there is precise information about the state of the environment. In other cases, cooperation is most abundant when there is no information about the state of the environment. We systematically analyze all stochastic games of a given complexity class, to determine when receiving information about the environment is better, neutral, or worse for evolution of cooperation. AU - Kleshnina, Maria AU - Hilbe, Christian AU - Simsa, Stepan AU - Chatterjee, Krishnendu AU - Nowak, Martin A. ID - 13258 JF - Nature Communications TI - The effect of environmental information on evolution of cooperation in stochastic games VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Motivation: Boolean networks are simple but efficient mathematical formalism for modelling complex biological systems. However, having only two levels of activation is sometimes not enough to fully capture the dynamics of real-world biological systems. Hence, the need for multi-valued networks (MVNs), a generalization of Boolean networks. Despite the importance of MVNs for modelling biological systems, only limited progress has been made on developing theories, analysis methods, and tools that can support them. In particular, the recent use of trap spaces in Boolean networks made a great impact on the field of systems biology, but there has been no similar concept defined and studied for MVNs to date. Results: In this work, we generalize the concept of trap spaces in Boolean networks to that in MVNs. We then develop the theory and the analysis methods for trap spaces in MVNs. In particular, we implement all proposed methods in a Python package called trapmvn. Not only showing the applicability of our approach via a realistic case study, we also evaluate the time efficiency of the method on a large collection of real-world models. The experimental results confirm the time efficiency, which we believe enables more accurate analysis on larger and more complex multi-valued models. AU - Trinh, Van Giang AU - Benhamou, Belaid AU - Henzinger, Thomas A AU - Pastva, Samuel ID - 13263 IS - Supplement_1 JF - Bioinformatics SN - 1367-4803 TI - Trap spaces of multi-valued networks: Definition, computation, and applications VL - 39 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although budding yeast has been extensively used as a model organism for studying organelle functions and intracellular vesicle trafficking, whether it possesses an independent endocytic early/sorting compartment that sorts endocytic cargos to the endo-lysosomal pathway or the recycling pathway has long been unclear. The structure and properties of the endocytic early/sorting compartment differ significantly between organisms; in plant cells, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves this role, whereas in mammalian cells a separate intracellular structure performs this function. The yeast syntaxin homolog Tlg2p, widely localizing to the TGN and endosomal compartments, is presumed to act as a Q-SNARE for endocytic vesicles, but which compartment is the direct target for endocytic vesicles remained unanswered. Here we demonstrate by high-speed and high-resolution 4D imaging of fluorescently labeled endocytic cargos that the Tlg2p-residing compartment within the TGN functions as the early/sorting compartment. After arriving here, endocytic cargos are recycled to the plasma membrane or transported to the yeast Rab5-residing endosomal compartment through the pathway requiring the clathrin adaptors GGAs. Interestingly, Gga2p predominantly localizes at the Tlg2p-residing compartment, and the deletion of GGAs has little effect on another TGN region where Sec7p is present but suppresses dynamics of the Tlg2-residing early/sorting compartment, indicating that the Tlg2p- and Sec7p-residing regions are discrete entities in the mutant. Thus, the Tlg2p-residing region seems to serve as an early/sorting compartment and function independently of the Sec7p-residing region within the TGN. AU - Toshima, Junko Y. AU - Tsukahara, Ayana AU - Nagano, Makoto AU - Tojima, Takuro AU - Siekhaus, Daria E AU - Nakano, Akihiko AU - Toshima, Jiro ID - 13316 JF - eLife TI - The yeast endocytic early/sorting compartment exists as an independent sub-compartment within the trans-Golgi network VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We prove the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis (ETH) for local observables in a typical translation invariant system of quantum spins with L-body interactions, where L is the number of spins. This mathematically verifies the observation first made by Santos and Rigol (Phys Rev E 82(3):031130, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031130) that the ETH may hold for systems with additional translational symmetries for a naturally restricted class of observables. We also present numerical support for the same phenomenon for Hamiltonians with local interaction. AU - Sugimoto, Shoki AU - Henheik, Sven Joscha AU - Riabov, Volodymyr AU - Erdös, László ID - 13317 IS - 7 JF - Journal of Statistical Physics SN - 0022-4715 TI - Eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis for translation invariant spin systems VL - 190 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present a numerical analysis of spin-1/2 fermions in a one-dimensional harmonic potential in the presence of a magnetic point-like impurity at the center of the trap. The model represents a few-body analogue of a magnetic impurity in the vicinity of an s-wave superconductor. Already for a few particles we find a ground-state level crossing between sectors with different fermion parities. We interpret this crossing as a few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition, which occurs when the impurity "breaks" a Cooper pair. This picture is further corroborated by analyzing density-density correlations in momentum space. Finally, we discuss how the system may be realized with existing cold-atoms platforms. AU - Rammelmüller, Lukas AU - Huber, David AU - Čufar, Matija AU - Brand, Joachim AU - Hammer, Hans-Werner AU - Volosniev, Artem ID - 13278 IS - 1 JF - SciPost Physics KW - General Physics and Astronomy SN - 2542-4653 TI - Magnetic impurity in a one-dimensional few-fermion system VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Viscous flows through pipes and channels are steady and ordered until, with increasing velocity, the laminar motion catastrophically breaks down and gives way to turbulence. How this apparently discontinuous change from low- to high-dimensional motion can be rationalized within the framework of the Navier-Stokes equations is not well understood. Exploiting geometrical properties of transitional channel flow we trace turbulence to far lower Reynolds numbers (Re) than previously possible and identify the complete path that reversibly links fully turbulent motion to an invariant solution. This precursor of turbulence destabilizes rapidly with Re, and the accompanying explosive increase in attractor dimension effectively marks the transition between deterministic and de facto stochastic dynamics. AU - Paranjape, Chaitanya S AU - Yalniz, Gökhan AU - Duguet, Yohann AU - Budanur, Nazmi B AU - Hof, Björn ID - 13274 IS - 3 JF - Physical Review Letters KW - General Physics and Astronomy SN - 0031-9007 TI - Direct path from turbulence to time-periodic solutions VL - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chromosomes in the eukaryotic nucleus are highly compacted. However, for many functional processes, including transcription initiation, the pairwise motion of distal chromosomal elements such as enhancers and promoters is essential and necessitates dynamic fluidity. Here, we used a live-imaging assay to simultaneously measure the positions of pairs of enhancers and promoters and their transcriptional output while systematically varying the genomic separation between these two DNA loci. Our analysis reveals the coexistence of a compact globular organization and fast subdiffusive dynamics. These combined features cause an anomalous scaling of polymer relaxation times with genomic separation leading to long-ranged correlations. Thus, encounter times of DNA loci are much less dependent on genomic distance than predicted by existing polymer models, with potential consequences for eukaryotic gene expression. AU - Brückner, David AU - Chen, Hongtao AU - Barinov, Lev AU - Zoller, Benjamin AU - Gregor, Thomas ID - 13261 IS - 6652 JF - Science TI - Stochastic motion and transcriptional dynamics of pairs of distal DNA loci on a compacted chromosome VL - 380 ER - TY - GEN AU - Kleshnina, Maria ID - 13336 TI - kleshnina/stochgames_info: The effect of environmental information on evolution of cooperation in stochastic games ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ages of solar-like stars have been at the center of many studies such as exoplanet characterization or Galactic-archeology. While ages are usually computed from stellar evolution models, relations linking ages to other stellar properties, such as rotation and magnetic activity, have been investigated. With the large catalog of 55,232 rotation periods, Prot, and photometric magnetic activity index, Sph from Kepler data, we have the opportunity to look for such magneto-gyro-chronology relations. Stellar ages are obtained with two stellar evolution codes that include treatment of angular momentum evolution, hence using Prot as input in addition to classical atmospheric parameters. We explore two different ways of predicting stellar ages on three subsamples with spectroscopic observations: solar analogs, late-F and G dwarfs, and K dwarfs. We first perform a Bayesian analysis to derive relations between Sph and ages between 1 and 5 Gyr, and other stellar properties. For late-F and G dwarfs, and K dwarfs, the multivariate regression favors the model with Prot and Sph with median differences of 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. We also apply Machine Learning techniques with a Random Forest algorithm to predict ages up to 14 Gyr with the same set of input parameters. For late-F, G and K dwarfs together, predicted ages are on average within 5.3% of the model ages and improve to 3.1% when including Prot. These are very promising results for a quick age estimation for solar-like stars with photometric observations, especially with current and future space missions. AU - Mathur, Savita AU - Claytor, Zachary R. AU - Santos, Ângela R. G. AU - García, Rafael A. AU - Amard, Louis AU - Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle AU - Corsaro, Enrico AU - Bonanno, Alfio AU - Breton, Sylvain N. AU - Godoy-Rivera, Diego AU - Pinsonneault, Marc H. AU - van Saders, Jennifer ID - 13443 IS - 2 JF - The Astrophysical Journal KW - Space and Planetary Science KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics SN - 0004-637X TI - Magnetic activity evolution of solar-like stars. I. Sph–age relation derived from Kepler observations VL - 952 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plants can regenerate their bodies via de novo establishment of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) from pluripotent callus. Only a small fraction of callus cells is eventually specified into SAMs but the molecular mechanisms underlying fate specification remain obscure. The expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) is an early hallmark of SAM fate acquisition. Here, we show that a WUS paralog, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 (WOX13), negatively regulates SAM formation from callus in Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX13 promotes non-meristematic cell fate via transcriptional repression of WUS and other SAM regulators and activation of cell wall modifiers. Our Quartz-Seq2–based single cell transcriptome revealed that WOX13 plays key roles in determining cellular identity of callus cell population. We propose that reciprocal inhibition between WUS and WOX13 mediates critical cell fate determination in pluripotent cell population, which has a major impact on regeneration efficiency. AU - Ogura, Nao AU - Sasagawa, Yohei AU - Ito, Tasuku AU - Tameshige, Toshiaki AU - Kawai, Satomi AU - Sano, Masaki AU - Doll, Yuki AU - Iwase, Akira AU - Kawamura, Ayako AU - Suzuki, Takamasa AU - Nikaido, Itoshi AU - Sugimoto, Keiko AU - Ikeuchi, Momoko ID - 13259 IS - 27 JF - Science Advances TI - WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 suppresses de novo shoot regeneration via cell fate control of pluripotent callus VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Conflicts and natural disasters affect entire populations of the countries involved and, in addition to the thousands of lives destroyed, have a substantial negative impact on the scientific advances these countries provide. The unprovoked invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the devastating earthquake in Turkey and Syria, and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East are just a few examples. Millions of people have been killed or displaced, their futures uncertain. These events have resulted in extensive infrastructure collapse, with loss of electricity, transportation, and access to services. Schools, universities, and research centers have been destroyed along with decades’ worth of data, samples, and findings. Scholars in disaster areas face short- and long-term problems in terms of what they can accomplish now for obtaining grants and for employment in the long run. In our interconnected world, conflicts and disasters are no longer a local problem but have wide-ranging impacts on the entire world, both now and in the future. Here, we focus on the current and ongoing impact of war on the scientific community within Ukraine and from this draw lessons that can be applied to all affected countries where scientists at risk are facing hardship. We present and classify examples of effective and feasible mechanisms used to support researchers in countries facing hardship and discuss how these can be implemented with help from the international scientific community and what more is desperately needed. Reaching out, providing accessible training opportunities, and developing collaborations should increase inclusion and connectivity, support scientific advancements within affected communities, and expedite postwar and disaster recovery. AU - Wolfsberger, Walter AU - Chhugani, Karishma AU - Shchubelka, Khrystyna AU - Frolova, Alina AU - Salyha, Yuriy AU - Zlenko, Oksana AU - Arych, Mykhailo AU - Dziuba, Dmytro AU - Parkhomenko, Andrii AU - Smolanka, Volodymyr AU - Gümüş, Zeynep H. AU - Sezgin, Efe AU - Diaz-Lameiro, Alondra AU - Toth, Viktor R. AU - Maci, Megi AU - Bortz, Eric AU - Kondrashov, Fyodor AU - Morton, Patricia M. AU - Łabaj, Paweł P. AU - Romero, Veronika AU - Hlávka, Jakub AU - Mangul, Serghei AU - Oleksyk, Taras K. ID - 13976 JF - GigaScience TI - Scientists without borders: Lessons from Ukraine VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We construct families of log K3 surfaces and study the arithmetic of their members. We use this to produce explicit surfaces with an order 5 Brauer–Manin obstruction to the integral Hasse principle. AU - Lyczak, Julian ID - 13973 IS - 2 JF - Annales de l'Institut Fourier SN - 0373-0956 TI - Order 5 Brauer–Manin obstructions to the integral Hasse principle on log K3 surfaces VL - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Tverberg theorem is one of the cornerstones of discrete geometry. It states that, given a set X of at least (d+1)(r−1)+1 points in Rd, one can find a partition X=X1∪⋯∪Xr of X, such that the convex hulls of the Xi, i=1,…,r, all share a common point. In this paper, we prove a trengthening of this theorem that guarantees a partition which, in addition to the above, has the property that the boundaries of full-dimensional convex hulls have pairwise nonempty intersections. Possible generalizations and algorithmic aspects are also discussed. As a concrete application, we show that any n points in the plane in general position span ⌊n/3⌋ vertex-disjoint triangles that are pairwise crossing, meaning that their boundaries have pairwise nonempty intersections; this number is clearly best possible. A previous result of Álvarez-Rebollar et al. guarantees ⌊n/6⌋pairwise crossing triangles. Our result generalizes to a result about simplices in Rd, d≥2. AU - Fulek, Radoslav AU - Gärtner, Bernd AU - Kupavskii, Andrey AU - Valtr, Pavel AU - Wagner, Uli ID - 13974 JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry SN - 0179-5376 TI - The crossing Tverberg theorem ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider the spectrum of random Laplacian matrices of the form Ln=An−Dn where An is a real symmetric random matrix and Dn is a diagonal matrix whose entries are equal to the corresponding row sums of An. If An is a Wigner matrix with entries in the domain of attraction of a Gaussian distribution, the empirical spectral measure of Ln is known to converge to the free convolution of a semicircle distribution and a standard real Gaussian distribution. We consider real symmetric random matrices An with independent entries (up to symmetry) whose row sums converge to a purely non-Gaussian infinitely divisible distribution, which fall into the class of Lévy–Khintchine random matrices first introduced by Jung [Trans Am Math Soc, 370, (2018)]. Our main result shows that the empirical spectral measure of Ln converges almost surely to a deterministic limit. A key step in the proof is to use the purely non-Gaussian nature of the row sums to build a random operator to which Ln converges in an appropriate sense. This operator leads to a recursive distributional equation uniquely describing the Stieltjes transform of the limiting empirical spectral measure. AU - Campbell, Andrew J AU - O’Rourke, Sean ID - 13975 JF - Journal of Theoretical Probability SN - 0894-9840 TI - Spectrum of Lévy–Khintchine random laplacian matrices ER - TY - JOUR AB - The magnetotropic susceptibility is the thermodynamic coefficient associated with the rotational anisotropy of the free energy in an external magnetic field and is closely related to the magnetic susceptibility. It emerges naturally in frequency-shift measurements of oscillating mechanical cantilevers, which are becoming an increasingly important tool in the quantitative study of the thermodynamics of modern condensed-matter systems. Here we discuss the basic properties of the magnetotropic susceptibility as they relate to the experimental aspects of frequency-shift measurements, as well as to the interpretation of those experiments in terms of the intrinsic properties of the system under study. AU - Shekhter, A. AU - Mcdonald, R. D. AU - Ramshaw, B. J. AU - Modic, Kimberly A ID - 13257 IS - 3 JF - Physical Review B SN - 2469-9950 TI - Magnetotropic susceptibility VL - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This Special Collection is dedicated to the field of photocatalytic synthesis and contains a diverse selection of original research contributions. It includes studies on catalyst development, mechanistic investigations, method development and the use of enabling technologies, illustrating the many facets of state-of-the-art research in photocatalytic synthesis. Further, emerging topics are surveyed and discussed in three reviews and a concept article. AU - Næsborg, Line AU - Pieber, Bartholomäus AU - Wenger, Oliver S. ID - 13972 JF - ChemCatChem SN - 1867-3880 TI - Special Collection: Photocatalytic synthesis ER - TY - JOUR AB - The use of multimodal readout mechanisms next to label-free real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions can provide valuable insight into surface-based reaction mechanisms. To this end, the combination of an electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (EG-FET) with a fiber optic-coupled surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) probe serving as gate electrode has been investigated to deconvolute surface mass and charge density variations associated to surface reactions. However, applying an electrochemical potential on such gold-coated FO-SPR gate electrodes can induce gradual morphological changes of the thin gold film, leading to an irreversible blue-shift of the SPR wavelength and a substantial signal drift. We show that mild annealing leads to optical and electronic signal stabilization (20-fold lower signal drift than as-sputtered fiber optic gates) and improved overall analytical performance characteristics. The thermal treatment prevents morphological changes of the thin gold-film occurring during operation, hence providing reliable and stable data immediately upon gate voltage application. Thus, the readout output of both transducing principles, the optical FO-SPR and electronic EG-FET, stays constant throughout the whole sensing time-window and the long-term effect of thermal treatment is also improved, providing stable signals even after 1 year of storage. Annealing should therefore be considered a necessary modification for applying fiber optic gate electrodes in real-time multimodal investigations of surface reactions at the solid-liquid interface. AU - Hasler, Roger AU - Steger-Polt, Marie Helene AU - Reiner-Rozman, Ciril AU - Fossati, Stefan AU - Lee, Seungho AU - Aspermair, Patrik AU - Kleber, Christoph AU - Ibáñez, Maria AU - Dostalek, Jakub AU - Knoll, Wolfgang ID - 13968 JF - Frontiers in Physics TI - Optical and electronic signal stabilization of plasmonic fiber optic gate electrodes: Towards improved real-time dual-mode biosensing VL - 11 ER -