TY - JOUR
AB - In the setting of the fractional quantum Hall effect we study the effects of strong, repulsive two-body interaction potentials of short range. We prove that Haldane’s pseudo-potential operators, including their pre-factors, emerge as mathematically rigorous limits of such interactions when the range of the potential tends to zero while its strength tends to infinity. In a common approach the interaction potential is expanded in angular momentum eigenstates in the lowest Landau level, which amounts to taking the pre-factors to be the moments of the potential. Such a procedure is not appropriate for very strong interactions, however, in particular not in the case of hard spheres. We derive the formulas valid in the short-range case, which involve the scattering lengths of the interaction potential in different angular momentum channels rather than its moments. Our results hold for bosons and fermions alike and generalize previous results in [6], which apply to bosons in the lowest angular momentum channel. Our main theorem asserts the convergence in a norm-resolvent sense of the Hamiltonian on the whole Hilbert space, after appropriate energy scalings, to Hamiltonians with contact interactions in the lowest Landau level.
AU - Seiringer, Robert
AU - Yngvason, Jakob
ID - 8091
JF - Journal of Statistical Physics
SN - 00224715
TI - Emergence of Haldane pseudo-potentials in systems with short-range interactions
VL - 181
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities have been of interest to many authors recently due to the improved convergence speed contributed by the presence of inertial extrapolation step. However, it is discovered that these projection methods with inertial steps lose the Fejér monotonicity of the iterates with respect to the solution, which is being enjoyed by their corresponding non-inertial projection methods for variational inequalities. This lack of Fejér monotonicity makes projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities not to converge faster than their corresponding non-inertial projection methods at times. Also, it has recently been proved that the projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step may provide convergence rates that are worse than the classical projected gradient methods for strongly convex functions. In this paper, we introduce projection methods with alternated inertial extrapolation step for solving variational inequalities. We show that the sequence of iterates generated by our methods converges weakly to a solution of the variational inequality under some appropriate conditions. The Fejér monotonicity of even subsequence is recovered in these methods and linear rate of convergence is obtained. The numerical implementations of our methods compared with some other inertial projection methods show that our method is more efficient and outperforms some of these inertial projection methods.
AU - Shehu, Yekini
AU - Iyiola, Olaniyi S.
ID - 8077
JF - Applied Numerical Mathematics
SN - 0168-9274
TI - Projection methods with alternating inertial steps for variational inequalities: Weak and linear convergence
VL - 157
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - In the present work, we report a solution-based strategy to produce crystallographically textured SnSe bulk nanomaterials and printed layers with optimized thermoelectric performance in the direction normal to the substrate. Our strategy is based on the formulation of a molecular precursor that can be continuously decomposed to produce a SnSe powder or printed into predefined patterns. The precursor formulation and decomposition conditions are optimized to produce pure phase 2D SnSe nanoplates. The printed layer and the bulk material obtained after hot press displays a clear preferential orientation of the crystallographic domains, resulting in an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.55 W m–1 K–1 in the direction normal to the substrate. Such textured nanomaterials present highly anisotropic properties with the best thermoelectric performance in plane, i.e., in the directions parallel to the substrate, which coincide with the crystallographic bc plane of SnSe. This is an unfortunate characteristic because thermoelectric devices are designed to create/harvest temperature gradients in the direction normal to the substrate. We further demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome with the introduction of small amounts of tellurium in the precursor. The presence of tellurium allows one to reduce the band gap and increase both the charge carrier concentration and the mobility, especially the cross plane, with a minimal decrease of the Seebeck coefficient. These effects translate into record out of plane ZT values at 800 K.
AU - Zhang, Yu
AU - Liu, Yu
AU - Xing, Congcong
AU - Zhang, Ting
AU - Li, Mengyao
AU - Pacios, Mercè
AU - Yu, Xiaoting
AU - Arbiol, Jordi
AU - Llorca, Jordi
AU - Cadavid, Doris
AU - Ibáñez, Maria
AU - Cabot, Andreu
ID - 8039
IS - 24
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
TI - Tin selenide molecular precursor for the solution processing of thermoelectric materials and devices
VL - 12
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The molecular factors which control circulating levels of inflammatory proteins are not well understood. Furthermore, association studies between molecular probes and human traits are often performed by linear model-based methods which may fail to account for complex structure and interrelationships within molecular datasets.In this study, we perform genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) on the levels of 70 plasma-derived inflammatory protein biomarkers in healthy older adults (Lothian Birth Cohort 1936; n = 876; Olink® inflammation panel). We employ a Bayesian framework (BayesR+) which can account for issues pertaining to data structure and unknown confounding variables (with sensitivity analyses using ordinary least squares- (OLS) and mixed model-based approaches). We identified 13 SNPs associated with 13 proteins (n = 1 SNP each) concordant across OLS and Bayesian methods. We identified 3 CpG sites spread across 3 proteins (n = 1 CpG each) that were concordant across OLS, mixed-model and Bayesian analyses. Tagged genetic variants accounted for up to 45% of variance in protein levels (for MCP2, 36% of variance alone attributable to 1 polymorphism). Methylation data accounted for up to 46% of variation in protein levels (for CXCL10). Up to 66% of variation in protein levels (for VEGFA) was explained using genetic and epigenetic data combined. We demonstrated putative causal relationships between CD6 and IL18R1 with inflammatory bowel disease and between IL12B and Crohn’s disease. Our data may aid understanding of the molecular regulation of the circulating inflammatory proteome as well as causal relationships between inflammatory mediators and disease.
AU - Hillary, Robert F.
AU - Trejo-Banos, Daniel
AU - Kousathanas, Athanasios
AU - Mccartney, Daniel L.
AU - Harris, Sarah E.
AU - Stevenson, Anna J.
AU - Patxot, Marion
AU - Ojavee, Sven Erik
AU - Zhang, Qian
AU - Liewald, David C.
AU - Ritchie, Craig W.
AU - Evans, Kathryn L.
AU - Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.
AU - Wray, Naomi R.
AU - Mcrae, Allan F.
AU - Visscher, Peter M.
AU - Deary, Ian J.
AU - Robinson, Matthew Richard
AU - Marioni, Riccardo E.
ID - 8133
IS - 1
JF - Genome Medicine
TI - Multi-method genome- and epigenome-wide studies of inflammatory protein levels in healthy older adults
VL - 12
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Mechanistic modeling in neuroscience aims to explain observed phenomena in terms of underlying causes. However, determining which model parameters agree with complex and stochastic neural data presents a significant challenge. We address this challenge with a machine learning tool which uses deep neural density estimators—trained using model simulations—to carry out Bayesian inference and retrieve the full space of parameters compatible with raw data or selected data features. Our method is scalable in parameters and data features and can rapidly analyze new data after initial training. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our approach on receptive fields, ion channels, and Hodgkin–Huxley models. We also characterize the space of circuit configurations giving rise to rhythmic activity in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, and use these results to derive hypotheses for underlying compensation mechanisms. Our approach will help close the gap between data-driven and theory-driven models of neural dynamics.
AU - Gonçalves, Pedro J.
AU - Lueckmann, Jan-Matthis
AU - Deistler, Michael
AU - Nonnenmacher, Marcel
AU - Öcal, Kaan
AU - Bassetto, Giacomo
AU - Chintaluri, Chaitanya
AU - Podlaski, William F.
AU - Haddad, Sara A.
AU - Vogels, Tim P
AU - Greenberg, David S.
AU - Macke, Jakob H.
ID - 8127
JF - eLife
TI - Training deep neural density estimators to identify mechanistic models of neural dynamics
VL - 9
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Cortical areas comprise multiple types of inhibitory interneurons with stereotypical connectivity motifs, but their combined effect on postsynaptic dynamics has been largely unexplored. Here, we analyse the response of a single postsynaptic model neuron receiving tuned excitatory connections alongside inhibition from two plastic populations. Depending on the inhibitory plasticity rule, synapses remain unspecific (flat), become anti-correlated to, or mirror excitatory synapses. Crucially, the neuron’s receptive field, i.e., its response to presynaptic stimuli, depends on the modulatory state of inhibition. When both inhibitory populations are active, inhibition balances excitation, resulting in uncorrelated postsynaptic responses regardless of the inhibitory tuning profiles. Modulating the activity of a given inhibitory population produces strong correlations to either preferred or non-preferred inputs, in line with recent experimental findings showing dramatic context-dependent changes of neurons’ receptive fields. We thus confirm that a neuron’s receptive field doesn’t follow directly from the weight profiles of its presynaptic afferents.
AU - Agnes, Everton J.
AU - Luppi, Andrea I.
AU - Vogels, Tim P
ID - 8126
IS - 50
JF - The Journal of Neuroscience
TI - Complementary inhibitory weight profiles emerge from plasticity and allow attentional switching of receptive fields
VL - 40
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is crucial for assembly of the peripheral branched actin network constituting one of the main drivers of eukaryotic cell migration. Here, we uncover an essential role of the hematopoietic-specific WRC component HEM1 for immune cell development. Germline-encoded HEM1 deficiency underlies an inborn error of immunity with systemic autoimmunity, at cellular level marked by WRC destabilization, reduced filamentous actin, and failure to assemble lamellipodia. Hem1−/− mice display systemic autoimmunity, phenocopying the human disease. In the absence of Hem1, B cells become deprived of extracellular stimuli necessary to maintain the strength of B cell receptor signaling at a level permissive for survival of non-autoreactive B cells. This shifts the balance of B cell fate choices toward autoreactive B cells and thus autoimmunity.
AU - Salzer, Elisabeth
AU - Zoghi, Samaneh
AU - Kiss, Máté G.
AU - Kage, Frieda
AU - Rashkova, Christina
AU - Stahnke, Stephanie
AU - Haimel, Matthias
AU - Platzer, René
AU - Caldera, Michael
AU - Ardy, Rico Chandra
AU - Hoeger, Birgit
AU - Block, Jana
AU - Medgyesi, David
AU - Sin, Celine
AU - Shahkarami, Sepideh
AU - Kain, Renate
AU - Ziaee, Vahid
AU - Hammerl, Peter
AU - Bock, Christoph
AU - Menche, Jörg
AU - Dupré, Loïc
AU - Huppa, Johannes B.
AU - Sixt, Michael K
AU - Lomakin, Alexis
AU - Rottner, Klemens
AU - Binder, Christoph J.
AU - Stradal, Theresia E.B.
AU - Rezaei, Nima
AU - Boztug, Kaan
ID - 8132
IS - 49
JF - Science Immunology
TI - The cytoskeletal regulator HEM1 governs B cell development and prevents autoimmunity
VL - 5
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - Additional file 2: Supplementary Tables. The association of pre-adjusted protein levels with biological and technical covariates. Protein levels were adjusted for age, sex, array plate and four genetic principal components (population structure) prior to analyses. Significant associations are emboldened. (Table S1). pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from Bayesian penalised regression model (Posterior Inclusion Probability > 95%). (Table S2). All pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from ordinary least squares regression model (P < 7.14 × 10− 10). (Table S3). Summary of lambda values relating to ordinary least squares GWAS and EWAS performed on inflammatory protein levels (n = 70) in Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. (Table S4). Conditionally significant pQTLs associated with inflammatory biomarker levels from ordinary least squares regression model (P < 7.14 × 10− 10). (Table S5). Comparison of variance explained by ordinary least squares and Bayesian penalised regression models for concordantly identified SNPs. (Table S6). Estimate of heritability for blood protein levels as well as proportion of variance explained attributable to different prior mixtures. (Table S7). Comparison of heritability estimates from Ahsan et al. (maximum likelihood) and Hillary et al. (Bayesian penalised regression). (Table S8). List of concordant SNPs identified by linear model and Bayesian penalised regression and whether they have been previously identified as eQTLs. (Table S9). Bayesian tests of colocalisation for cis pQTLs and cis eQTLs. (Table S10). Sherlock algorithm: Genes whose expression are putatively associated with circulating inflammatory proteins that harbour pQTLs. (Table S11). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by Bayesian model (Bayesian model; Posterior Inclusion Probability > 95%). (Table S12). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by linear model (limma) at P < 5.14 × 10− 10. (Table S13). CpGs associated with inflammatory protein biomarkers as identified by mixed linear model (OSCA) at P < 5.14 × 10− 10. (Table S14). Estimate of variance explained for blood protein levels by DNA methylation as well as proportion of explained attributable to different prior mixtures - BayesR+. (Table S15). Comparison of variance in protein levels explained by genome-wide DNA methylation data by mixed linear model (OSCA) and Bayesian penalised regression model (BayesR+). (Table S16). Variance in circulating inflammatory protein biomarker levels explained by common genetic and methylation data (joint and conditional estimates from BayesR+). Ordered by combined variance explained by genetic and epigenetic data - smallest to largest. Significant results from t-tests comparing distributions for variance explained by methylation or genetics alone versus combined estimate are emboldened. (Table S17). Genetic and epigenetic factors identified by BayesR+ when conditioning on all SNPs and CpGs together. (Table S18). Mendelian Randomisation analyses to assess whether proteins with concordantly identified genetic signals are causally associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk. (Table S19).
AU - Hillary, Robert F.
AU - Trejo-Banos, Daniel
AU - Kousathanas, Athanasios
AU - McCartney, Daniel L.
AU - Harris, Sarah E.
AU - Stevenson, Anna J.
AU - Patxot, Marion
AU - Ojavee, Sven Erik
AU - Zhang, Qian
AU - Liewald, David C.
AU - Ritchie, Craig W.
AU - Evans, Kathryn L.
AU - Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.
AU - Wray, Naomi R.
AU - McRae, Allan F.
AU - Visscher, Peter M.
AU - Deary, Ian J.
AU - Robinson, Matthew Richard
AU - Marioni, Riccardo E.
ID - 9706
TI - Additional file 2 of multi-method genome- and epigenome-wide studies of inflammatory protein levels in healthy older adults
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - We prove an upper bound on the free energy of a two-dimensional homogeneous Bose gas in the thermodynamic limit. We show that for a2ρ ≪ 1 and βρ ≳ 1, the free energy per unit volume differs from the one of the non-interacting system by at most 4πρ2|lna2ρ|−1(2−[1−βc/β]2+) to leading order, where a is the scattering length of the two-body interaction potential, ρ is the density, β is the inverse temperature, and βc is the inverse Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless critical temperature for superfluidity. In combination with the corresponding matching lower bound proved by Deuchert et al. [Forum Math. Sigma 8, e20 (2020)], this shows equality in the asymptotic expansion.
AU - Mayer, Simon
AU - Seiringer, Robert
ID - 8134
IS - 6
JF - Journal of Mathematical Physics
SN - 00222488
TI - The free energy of the two-dimensional dilute Bose gas. II. Upper bound
VL - 61
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Barton, Nicholas H
ID - 8112
IS - 1806
JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences
SN - 0962-8436
TI - On the completion of speciation
VL - 375
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - In mammalian genomes, a subset of genes is regulated by genomic imprinting, resulting in silencing of one parental allele. Imprinting is essential for cerebral cortex development, but prevalence and functional impact in individual cells is unclear. Here, we determined allelic expression in cortical cell types and established a quantitative platform to interrogate imprinting in single cells. We created cells with uniparental chromosome disomy (UPD) containing two copies of either the maternal or the paternal chromosome; hence, imprinted genes will be 2-fold overexpressed or not expressed. By genetic labeling of UPD, we determined cellular phenotypes and transcriptional responses to deregulated imprinted gene expression at unprecedented single-cell resolution. We discovered an unexpected degree of cell-type specificity and a novel function of imprinting in the regulation of cortical astrocyte survival. More generally, our results suggest functional relevance of imprinted gene expression in glial astrocyte lineage and thus for generating cortical cell-type diversity.
AU - Laukoter, Susanne
AU - Pauler, Florian
AU - Beattie, Robert J
AU - Amberg, Nicole
AU - Hansen, Andi H
AU - Streicher, Carmen
AU - Penz, Thomas
AU - Bock, Christoph
AU - Hippenmeyer, Simon
ID - 8162
IS - 6
JF - Neuron
SN - 0896-6273
TI - Cell-type specificity of genomic imprinting in cerebral cortex
VL - 107
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Directional transport of the phytohormone auxin is a versatile, plant-specific mechanism regulating many aspects of plant development. The recently identified plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), are implicated in many plant traits; among others, they modify the phenotypic output of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters for fine-tuning of growth and developmental responses. Here, we show in pea and Arabidopsis that SLs target processes dependent on the canalization of auxin flow, which involves auxin feedback on PIN subcellular distribution. D14 receptor- and MAX2 F-box-mediated SL signaling inhibits the formation of auxin-conducting channels after wounding or from artificial auxin sources, during vasculature de novo formation and regeneration. At the cellular level, SLs interfere with auxin effects on PIN polar targeting, constitutive PIN trafficking as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our results identify a non-transcriptional mechanism of SL action, uncoupling auxin feedback on PIN polarity and trafficking, thereby regulating vascular tissue formation and regeneration.
AU - Zhang, J
AU - Mazur, E
AU - Balla, J
AU - Gallei, Michelle C
AU - Kalousek, P
AU - Medveďová, Z
AU - Li, Y
AU - Wang, Y
AU - Prat, Tomas
AU - Vasileva, Mina K
AU - Reinöhl, V
AU - Procházka, S
AU - Halouzka, R
AU - Tarkowski, P
AU - Luschnig, C
AU - Brewer, PB
AU - Friml, Jiří
ID - 8138
IS - 1
JF - Nature Communications
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Strigolactones inhibit auxin feedback on PIN-dependent auxin transport canalization
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive barriers eventually leading to complete isolation, is a crucial process generating biodiversity. Recent work has contributed much to our understanding of how reproductive barriers begin to evolve, and how they are maintained in the face of gene flow. However, little is known about the transition from partial to strong reproductive isolation (RI) and the completion of speciation. We argue that the evolution of strong RI is likely to involve different processes, or new interactions among processes, compared with the evolution of the first reproductive barriers. Transition to strong RI may be brought about by changing external conditions, for example, following secondary contact. However, the increasing levels of RI themselves create opportunities for new barriers to evolve and, and interaction or coupling among barriers. These changing processes may depend on genomic architecture and leave detectable signals in the genome. We outline outstanding questions and suggest more theoretical and empirical work, considering both patterns and processes associated with strong RI, is needed to understand how speciation is completed.
AU - Kulmuni, Jonna
AU - Butlin, Roger K.
AU - Lucek, Kay
AU - Savolainen, Vincent
AU - Westram, Anja M
ID - 8168
IS - 1806
JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological sciences
SN - 0962-8436
TI - Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers
VL - 375
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI) is fundamental to the origins and maintenance of biological diversity, especially in situations where geographical distributions of taxa broadly overlap. But what is the history behind strong barriers currently acting in sympatry? Using whole-genome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, we inferred (i) the evolutionary relationships, (ii) the strength of RI, and (iii) the demographic history of divergence between two broadly sympatric taxa of intertidal snail. Despite being cryptic, based on external morphology, Littorina arcana and Littorina saxatilis differ in their mode of female reproduction (egg-laying versus brooding), which may generate a strong post-zygotic barrier. We show that egg-laying and brooding snails are closely related, but genetically distinct. Genotyping of 3092 snails from three locations failed to recover any recent hybrid or backcrossed individuals, confirming that RI is strong. There was, however, evidence for a very low level of asymmetrical introgression, suggesting that isolation remains incomplete. The presence of strong, asymmetrical RI was further supported by demographic analysis of these populations. Although the taxa are currently broadly sympatric, demographic modelling suggests that they initially diverged during a short period of geographical separation involving very low gene flow. Our study suggests that some geographical separation may kick-start the evolution of strong RI, facilitating subsequent coexistence of taxa in sympatry. The strength of RI needed to achieve sympatry and the subsequent effect of sympatry on RI remain open questions.
AU - Stankowski, Sean
AU - Westram, Anja M
AU - Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B.
AU - Eyres, Isobel
AU - Broquet, Thomas
AU - Johannesson, Kerstin
AU - Butlin, Roger K.
ID - 8167
IS - 1806
JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences
TI - The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails
VL - 375
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Alignment of OCS, CS2, and I2 molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets is measured as a function
of time following rotational excitation by a nonresonant, comparatively weak ps laser pulse. The distinct
peaks in the power spectra, obtained by Fourier analysis, are used to determine the rotational, B, and
centrifugal distortion, D, constants. For OCS, B and D match the values known from IR spectroscopy. For
CS2 and I2, they are the first experimental results reported. The alignment dynamics calculated from the
gas-phase rotational Schrödinger equation, using the experimental in-droplet B and D values, agree in
detail with the measurement for all three molecules. The rotational spectroscopy technique for molecules in
helium droplets introduced here should apply to a range of molecules and complexes.
AU - Chatterley, Adam S.
AU - Christiansen, Lars
AU - Schouder, Constant A.
AU - Jørgensen, Anders V.
AU - Shepperson, Benjamin
AU - Cherepanov, Igor
AU - Bighin, Giacomo
AU - Zillich, Robert E.
AU - Lemeshko, Mikhail
AU - Stapelfeldt, Henrik
ID - 8170
IS - 1
JF - Physical Review Letters
SN - 00319007
TI - Rotational coherence spectroscopy of molecules in Helium nanodroplets: Reconciling the time and the frequency domains
VL - 125
ER -
TY - CONF
AB - Fixed-point arithmetic is a popular alternative to floating-point arithmetic on embedded systems. Existing work on the verification of fixed-point programs relies on custom formalizations of fixed-point arithmetic, which makes it hard to compare the described techniques or reuse the implementations. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing and formalizing an SMT theory of fixed-point arithmetic. We present an intuitive yet comprehensive syntax of the fixed-point theory, and provide formal semantics for it based on rational arithmetic. We also describe two decision procedures for this theory: one based on the theory of bit-vectors and the other on the theory of reals. We implement the two decision procedures, and evaluate our implementations using existing mature SMT solvers on a benchmark suite we created. Finally, we perform a case study of using the theory we propose to verify properties of quantized neural networks.
AU - Baranowski, Marek
AU - He, Shaobo
AU - Lechner, Mathias
AU - Nguyen, Thanh Son
AU - Rakamarić, Zvonimir
ID - 8194
SN - 03029743
T2 - Automated Reasoning
TI - An SMT theory of fixed-point arithmetic
VL - 12166
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Many recent studies have addressed the mechanisms operating during the early stages of speciation, but surprisingly few studies have tested theoretical predictions on the evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI). To help address this gap, we first undertook a quantitative review of the hybrid zone literature for flowering plants in relation to reproductive barriers. Then, using Populus as an exemplary model group, we analysed genome-wide variation for phylogenetic tree topologies in both early- and late-stage speciation taxa to determine how these patterns may be related to the genomic architecture of RI. Our plant literature survey revealed variation in barrier complexity and an association between barrier number and introgressive gene flow. Focusing on Populus, our genome-wide analysis of tree topologies in speciating poplar taxa points to unusually complex genomic architectures of RI, consistent with earlier genome-wide association studies. These architectures appear to facilitate the ‘escape’ of introgressed genome segments from polygenic barriers even with strong RI, thus affecting their relationships with recombination rates. Placed within the context of the broader literature, our data illustrate how phylogenomic approaches hold great promise for addressing the evolution and temporary breakdown of RI during late stages of speciation.
AU - Shang, Huiying
AU - Hess, Jaqueline
AU - Pickup, Melinda
AU - Field, David
AU - Ingvarsson, Pär K.
AU - Liu, Jianquan
AU - Lexer, Christian
ID - 8169
IS - 1806
JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences
TI - Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group
VL - 375
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) show a huge potential to power future electric vehicles and portable electronics, but their deployment is currently limited by the unavailability of proper electrocatalysis for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, we engineer a new electrocatalyst by incorporating phosphorous into a palladium-tin alloy and demonstrate a significant performance improvement toward EOR. We first detail a synthetic method to produce Pd2Sn:P nanocrystals that incorporate 35% of phosphorus. These nanoparticles are supported on carbon black and tested for EOR. Pd2Sn:P/C catalysts exhibit mass current densities up to 5.03 A mgPd−1, well above those of Pd2Sn/C, PdP2/C and Pd/C reference catalysts. Furthermore, a twofold lower Tafel slope and a much longer durability are revealed for the Pd2Sn:P/C catalyst compared with Pd/C. The performance improvement is rationalized with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations considering different phosphorous chemical environments. Depending on its oxidation state, surface phosphorus introduces sites with low energy OH− adsorption and/or strongly influences the electronic structure of palladium and tin to facilitate the oxidation of the acetyl to acetic acid, which is considered the EOR rate limiting step. DFT calculations also points out that the durability improvement of Pd2Sn:P/C catalyst is associated to the promotion of OH adsorption that accelerates the oxidation of intermediate poisoning COads, reactivating the catalyst surface.
AU - Yu, Xiaoting
AU - Liu, Junfeng
AU - Li, Junshan
AU - Luo, Zhishan
AU - Zuo, Yong
AU - Xing, Congcong
AU - Llorca, Jordi
AU - Nasiou, Déspina
AU - Arbiol, Jordi
AU - Pan, Kai
AU - Kleinhanns, Tobias
AU - Xie, Ying
AU - Cabot, Andreu
ID - 8189
IS - 11
JF - Nano Energy
SN - 2211-2855
TI - Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation
VL - 77
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Understanding to what extent stem cell potential is a cell-intrinsic property or an emergent behavior coming from global tissue dynamics and geometry is a key outstanding question of systems and stem cell biology. Here, we propose a theory of stem cell dynamics as a stochastic competition for access to a spatially localized niche, giving rise to a stochastic conveyor-belt model. Cell divisions produce a steady cellular stream which advects cells away from the niche, while random rearrangements enable cells away from the niche to be favorably repositioned. Importantly, even when assuming that all cells in a tissue are molecularly equivalent, we predict a common (“universal”) functional dependence of the long-term clonal survival probability on distance from the niche, as well as the emergence of a well-defined number of functional stem cells, dependent only on the rate of random movements vs. mitosis-driven advection. We test the predictions of this theory on datasets of pubertal mammary gland tips and embryonic kidney tips, as well as homeostatic intestinal crypts. Importantly, we find good agreement for the predicted functional dependency of the competition as a function of position, and thus functional stem cell number in each organ. This argues for a key role of positional fluctuations in dictating stem cell number and dynamics, and we discuss the applicability of this theory to other settings.
AU - Corominas-Murtra, Bernat
AU - Scheele, Colinda L.G.J.
AU - Kishi, Kasumi
AU - Ellenbroek, Saskia I.J.
AU - Simons, Benjamin D.
AU - Van Rheenen, Jacco
AU - Hannezo, Edouard B
ID - 8220
IS - 29
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
TI - Stem cell lineage survival as a noisy competition for niche access
VL - 117
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - We investigate a mechanism to transiently stabilize topological phenomena in long-lived quasi-steady states of isolated quantum many-body systems driven at low frequencies. We obtain an analytical bound for the lifetime of the quasi-steady states which is exponentially large in the inverse driving frequency. Within this lifetime, the quasi-steady state is characterized by maximum entropy subject to the constraint of fixed number of particles in the system's Floquet-Bloch bands. In such a state, all the non-universal properties of these bands are washed out, hence only the topological properties persist.
AU - Gulden, Tobias
AU - Berg, Erez
AU - Rudner, Mark Spencer
AU - Lindner, Netanel
ID - 8199
JF - SciPost Physics
SN - 2542-4653
TI - Exponentially long lifetime of universal quasi-steady states in topological Floquet pumps
VL - 9
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs) connect the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal CA3 region, but how they process spatial information remains enigmatic. To examine the role of GCs in spatial coding, we measured excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) in head-fixed mice running on a linear belt. Intracellular recording from morphologically identified GCs revealed that most cells were active, but activity level varied over a wide range. Whereas only ∼5% of GCs showed spatially tuned spiking, ∼50% received spatially tuned input. Thus, the GC population broadly encodes spatial information, but only a subset relays this information to the CA3 network. Fourier analysis indicated that GCs received conjunctive place-grid-like synaptic input, suggesting code conversion in single neurons. GC firing was correlated with dendritic complexity and intrinsic excitability, but not extrinsic excitatory input or dendritic cable properties. Thus, functional maturation may control input-output transformation and spatial code conversion.
AU - Zhang, Xiaomin
AU - Schlögl, Alois
AU - Jonas, Peter M
ID - 8261
IS - 6
JF - Neuron
SN - 0896-6273
TI - Selective routing of spatial information flow from input to output in hippocampal granule cells
VL - 107
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Modern scientific instruments produce vast amounts of data, which can overwhelm the processing ability of computer systems. Lossy compression of data is an intriguing solution, but comes with its own drawbacks, such as potential signal loss, and the need for careful optimization of the compression ratio. In this work, we focus on a setting where this problem is especially acute: compressive sensing frameworks for interferometry and medical imaging. We ask the following question: can the precision of the data representation be lowered for all inputs, with recovery guarantees and practical performance Our first contribution is a theoretical analysis of the normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) algorithm when all input data, meaning both the measurement matrix and the observation vector are quantized aggressively. We present a variant of low precision normalized IHT that, under mild conditions, can still provide recovery guarantees. The second contribution is the application of our quantization framework to radio astronomy and magnetic resonance imaging. We show that lowering the precision of the data can significantly accelerate image recovery. We evaluate our approach on telescope data and samples of brain images using CPU and FPGA implementations achieving up to a 9x speedup with negligible loss of recovery quality.
AU - Gurel, Nezihe Merve
AU - Kara, Kaan
AU - Stojanov, Alen
AU - Smith, Tyler
AU - Lemmin, Thomas
AU - Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
AU - Puschel, Markus
AU - Zhang, Ce
ID - 8268
JF - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
SN - 1053587X
TI - Compressive sensing using iterative hard thresholding with low precision data representation: Theory and applications
VL - 68
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - He, Peng
AU - Zhang, Yuzhou
AU - Xiao, Guanghui
ID - 8271
IS - 9
JF - Molecular Plant
SN - 16742052
TI - Origin of a subgenome and genome evolution of allotetraploid cotton species
VL - 13
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature.
AU - Grosjean, Galien M
AU - Wald, Sebastian
AU - Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A
AU - Waitukaitis, Scott R
ID - 8101
IS - 8
JF - Physical Review Materials
KW - electric charge
KW - tribocharging
KW - soft matter
KW - granular materials
KW - polymers
SN - 2475-9953
TI - Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging
VL - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Let 𝐹:ℤ2→ℤ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal function among all integer-valued superharmonic functions coinciding with F “at infinity”. We develop such a theory to prove existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for planar domains where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we apply the wave operator (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes.
AU - Kalinin, Nikita
AU - Shkolnikov, Mikhail
ID - 8325
IS - 9
JF - Communications in Mathematical Physics
SN - 00103616
TI - Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions
VL - 378
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Complex I is the first and the largest enzyme of respiratory chains in bacteria and mitochondria. The mechanism which couples spatially separated transfer of electrons to proton translocation in complex I is not known. Here we report five crystal structures of T. thermophilus enzyme in complex with NADH or quinone-like compounds. We also determined cryo-EM structures of major and minor native states of the complex, differing in the position of the peripheral arm. Crystal structures show that binding of quinone-like compounds (but not of NADH) leads to a related global conformational change, accompanied by local re-arrangements propagating from the quinone site to the nearest proton channel. Normal mode and molecular dynamics analyses indicate that these are likely to represent the first steps in the proton translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that quinone binding and chemistry play a key role in the coupling mechanism of complex I.
AU - Gutierrez-Fernandez, Javier
AU - Kaszuba, Karol
AU - Minhas, Gurdeep S.
AU - Baradaran, Rozbeh
AU - Tambalo, Margherita
AU - Gallagher, David T.
AU - Sazanov, Leonid A
ID - 8318
IS - 1
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Key role of quinone in the mechanism of respiratory complex I
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The genetic code is considered to use five nucleic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil), which form two pairs for encoding information in DNA and two pairs for encoding information in RNA. Nevertheless, in recent years several artificial base pairs have been developed in attempts to expand the genetic code. Employment of these additional base pairs increases the information capacity and variety of DNA sequences, and provides a platform for the site-specific, enzymatic incorporation of extra functional components into DNA and RNA. As a result, of the development of such expanded systems, many artificial base pairs have been synthesized and tested under various conditions. Following many stages of enhancement, unnatural base pairs have been modified to eliminate their weak points, qualifying them for specific research needs. Moreover, the first attempts to create a semi-synthetic organism containing DNA with unnatural base pairs seem to have been successful. This further extends the possible applications of these kinds of pairs. Herein, we describe the most significant qualities of unnatural base pairs and their actual applications.
AU - Mukba, S. A.
AU - Vlasov, Petr
AU - Kolosov, P. M.
AU - Shuvalova, E. Y.
AU - Egorova, T. V.
AU - Alkalaeva, E. Z.
ID - 8320
IS - 4
JF - Molecular Biology
SN - 00268933
TI - Expanding the genetic code: Unnatural base pairs in biological systems
VL - 54
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The genetic code is considered to use five nucleic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil), which form two pairs for encoding information in DNA and two pairs for encoding information in RNA. Nevertheless, in recent years several artificial base pairs have been developed in attempts to expand the genetic code. Employment of these additional base pairs increases the information capacity and variety of DNA sequences, and provides a platform for the site-specific, enzymatic incorporation of extra functional components into DNA and RNA. As a result, of the development of such expanded systems, many artificial base pairs have been synthesized and tested under various conditions. Following many stages of enhancement, unnatural base pairs have been modified to eliminate their weak points, qualifying them for specific research needs. Moreover, the first attempts to create a semi-synthetic organism containing DNA with unnatural base pairs seem to have been successful. This further extends the possible applications of these kinds of pairs. Herein, we describe the most significant qualities of unnatural base pairs and their actual applications.
AU - Mukba, S. A.
AU - Vlasov, Petr
AU - Kolosov, P. M.
AU - Shuvalova, E. Y.
AU - Egorova, T. V.
AU - Alkalaeva, E. Z.
ID - 8321
IS - 4
JF - Molekuliarnaia biologiia
SN - 00268984
TI - Expanding the genetic code: Unnatural base pairs in biological systems
VL - 54
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Pach, János
ID - 8323
JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry
SN - 01795376
TI - A farewell to Ricky Pollack
VL - 64
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Plant hormone cytokinins are perceived by a subfamily of sensor histidine kinases (HKs), which via a two-component phosphorelay cascade activate transcriptional responses in the nucleus. Subcellular localization of the receptors proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane as a principal cytokinin perception site, while study of cytokinin transport pointed to the plasma membrane (PM)-mediated cytokinin signalling. Here, by detailed monitoring of subcellular localizations of the fluorescently labelled natural cytokinin probe and the receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/AHK4) fused to GFP reporter, we show that pools of the ER-located cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway and reach the PM in cells of the root apical meristem, and the cell plate of dividing meristematic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) experiments revealed vesicular recycling of the receptor and its accumulation in BFA compartments. We provide a revised view on cytokinin signalling and the possibility of multiple sites of perception at PM and ER.
AU - Kubiasova, Karolina
AU - Montesinos López, Juan C
AU - Šamajová, Olga
AU - Nisler, Jaroslav
AU - Mik, Václav
AU - Semeradova, Hana
AU - Plíhalová, Lucie
AU - Novák, Ondřej
AU - Marhavý, Peter
AU - Cavallari, Nicola
AU - Zalabák, David
AU - Berka, Karel
AU - Doležal, Karel
AU - Galuszka, Petr
AU - Šamaj, Jozef
AU - Strnad, Miroslav
AU - Benková, Eva
AU - Plíhal, Ondřej
AU - Spíchal, Lukáš
ID - 8336
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Cytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Cytokinins are mobile multifunctional plant hormones with roles in development and stress resilience. Although their Histidine Kinase receptors are substantially localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular sites of cytokinin perception and importance of spatially heterogeneous cytokinin distribution continue to be debated. Here we show that cytokinin perception by plasma membrane receptors is an effective additional path for cytokinin response. Readout from a Two Component Signalling cytokinin-specific reporter (TCSn::GFP) closely matches intracellular cytokinin content in roots, yet we also find cytokinins in extracellular fluid, potentially enabling action at the cell surface. Cytokinins covalently linked to beads that could not pass the plasma membrane increased expression of both TCSn::GFP and Cytokinin Response Factors. Super-resolution microscopy of GFP-labelled receptors and diminished TCSn::GFP response to immobilised cytokinins in cytokinin receptor mutants, further indicate that receptors can function at the cell surface. We argue that dual intracellular and surface locations may augment flexibility of cytokinin responses.
AU - Antoniadi, Ioanna
AU - Novák, Ondřej
AU - Gelová, Zuzana
AU - Johnson, Alexander J
AU - Plíhal, Ondřej
AU - Simerský, Radim
AU - Mik, Václav
AU - Vain, Thomas
AU - Mateo-Bonmatí, Eduardo
AU - Karady, Michal
AU - Pernisová, Markéta
AU - Plačková, Lenka
AU - Opassathian, Korawit
AU - Hejátko, Jan
AU - Robert, Stéphanie
AU - Friml, Jiří
AU - Doležal, Karel
AU - Ljung, Karin
AU - Turnbull, Colin
ID - 8337
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Cell-surface receptors enable perception of extracellular cytokinins
VL - 11
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the
mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
AU - Varzi, Alberto
AU - Thanner, Katharina
AU - Scipioni, Roberto
AU - Di Lecce, Daniele
AU - Hassoun, Jusef
AU - Dörfler, Susanne
AU - Altheus, Holger
AU - Kaskel, Stefan
AU - Prehal, Christian
AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
ID - 8067
KW - Battery
KW - Lithium metal
KW - Lithium-sulphur
KW - Lithium-air
KW - All-solid-state
SN - 2664-1690
TI - Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
AU - Varzi, Alberto
AU - Thanner, Katharina
AU - Scipioni, Roberto
AU - Di Lecce, Daniele
AU - Hassoun, Jusef
AU - Dörfler, Susanne
AU - Altheus, Holger
AU - Kaskel, Stefan
AU - Prehal, Christian
AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
ID - 8361
IS - 12
JF - Journal of Power Sources
SN - 0378-7753
TI - Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries
VL - 480
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - The present review addresses the technical advances and the theoretical developments to realize and rationalize attosecond-science experiments that reveal a new dynamical time scale (10−15-10−18 s), with a particular emphasis on molecular systems and the implications of attosecond processes for chemical dynamics. After a brief outline of the theoretical framework for treating non-perturbative phenomena in Section 2, we introduce the physical mechanisms underlying high-harmonic generation and attosecond technology. The relevant technological developments and experimental schemes are covered in Section 3. Throughout the remainder of the chapter, we report on selected applications in molecular attosecond physics, thereby addressing specific phenomena mediated by purely electronic dynamics: charge localization in molecular hydrogen, charge migration in biorelevant molecules, high-harmonic spectroscopy, and delays in molecular photoionization.
AU - Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova
AU - Wörner, Hans Jakob
ID - 14028
TI - Attosecond molecular spectroscopy and dynamics
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.
AU - Arnold, Georg M
AU - Wulf, Matthias
AU - Barzanjeh, Shabir
AU - Redchenko, Elena
AU - Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
AU - Hease, William J
AU - Hassani, Farid
AU - Fink, Johannes M
ID - 8529
JF - Nature Communications
KW - General Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Chemistry
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - We propose a method to enhance the visual detail of a water surface simulation. Our method works as a post-processing step which takes a simulation as input and increases its apparent resolution by simulating many detailed Lagrangian water waves on top of it. We extend linear water wave theory to work in non-planar domains which deform over time, and we discretize the theory using Lagrangian wave packets attached to spline curves. The method is numerically stable and trivially parallelizable, and it produces high frequency ripples with dispersive wave-like behaviors customized to the underlying fluid simulation.
AU - Skrivan, Tomas
AU - Soderstrom, Andreas
AU - Johansson, John
AU - Sprenger, Christoph
AU - Museth, Ken
AU - Wojtan, Christopher J
ID - 8535
IS - 4
JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics
SN - 07300301
TI - Wave curves: Simulating Lagrangian water waves on dynamically deforming surfaces
VL - 39
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of KostantKumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.
AU - Su, C.
AU - Zhao, Gufang
AU - Zhong, C.
ID - 8539
IS - 3
JF - Annales Scientifiques de l'Ecole Normale Superieure
SN - 0012-9593
TI - On the K-theory stable bases of the springer resolution
VL - 53
ER -
TY - CHAP
AB - This chapter presents an overview of the state of the art in attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The theoretical foundations of strong-field light–matter interaction and attosecond pulse generation are described. The enabling laser technologies are reviewed from chirped-pulse amplification and carrier-envelope-phase stabilization to the generation and characterization of attosecond pulses. The applications of attosecond pulses and pulse trains in electron- or ion-imaging experiments are presented, followed by attosecond electron spectroscopy in larger molecules. After this, high-harmonic spectroscopy and its applications to probing charge migration on attosecond time scales is reviewed. The rapidly evolving field of molecular photoionization delays is discussed. Finally, the applications of attosecond transient absorption to probing molecular dynamics are presented.
AU - Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova
AU - Wörner, Hans Jakob
ED - Marquardt, Roberto
ED - Quack, Martin
ID - 14000
SN - 9780128172353
T2 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Quantum Dynamics
TI - Attosecond Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article "Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
AU - Arnold, Georg M
AU - Wulf, Matthias
AU - Barzanjeh, Shabir
AU - Redchenko, Elena
AU - Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
AU - Hease, William J
AU - Hassani, Farid
AU - Fink, Johannes M
ID - 13056
TI - Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.
AU - Andrei, Andreea
AU - Öztürk, Yavuz
AU - Khalfaoui-Hassani, Bahia
AU - Rauch, Juna
AU - Marckmann, Dorian
AU - Trasnea, Petru Iulian
AU - Daldal, Fevzi
AU - Koch, Hans-Georg
ID - 8579
IS - 9
JF - Membranes
TI - Cu homeostasis in bacteria: The ins and outs
VL - 10
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The majority of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) powering cellular processes in eukaryotes is produced by the mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase. Here, we present the atomic models of the membrane Fo domain and the entire mammalian (ovine) F1Fo, determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Subunits in the membrane domain are arranged in the ‘proton translocation cluster’ attached to the c-ring and a more distant ‘hook apparatus’ holding subunit e. Unexpectedly, this subunit is anchored to a lipid ‘plug’ capping the c-ring. We present a detailed proton translocation pathway in mammalian Fo and key inter-monomer contacts in F1Fo multimers. Cryo-EM maps of F1Fo exposed to calcium reveal a retracted subunit e and a disassembled c-ring, suggesting permeability transition pore opening. We propose a model for the permeability transition pore opening, whereby subunit e pulls the lipid plug out of the c-ring. Our structure will allow the design of drugs for many emerging applications in medicine.
AU - Pinke, Gergely
AU - Zhou, Long
AU - Sazanov, Leonid A
ID - 8581
IS - 11
JF - Nature Structural and Molecular Biology
SN - 15459993
TI - Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase
VL - 27
ER -
TY - CONF
AB - We evaluate the usefulness of persistent homology in the analysis of heart rate variability. In our approach we extract several topological descriptors characterising datasets of RR-intervals, which are later used in classical machine learning algorithms. By this method we are able to differentiate the group of patients with the history of transient ischemic attack and the group of hypertensive patients.
AU - Graff, Grzegorz
AU - Graff, Beata
AU - Jablonski, Grzegorz
AU - Narkiewicz, Krzysztof
ID - 8580
SN - 9781728157511
T2 - 11th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations: Computation and Modelling in Physiology: New Challenges and Opportunities,
TI - The application of persistent homology in the analysis of heart rate variability
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Glioblastoma is the most malignant cancer in the brain and currently incurable. It is urgent to identify effective targets for this lethal disease. Inhibition of such targets should suppress the growth of cancer cells and, ideally also precancerous cells for early prevention, but minimally affect their normal counterparts. Using genetic mouse models with neural stem cells (NSCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cells‐of‐origin/mutation, it is shown that the susceptibility of cells within the development hierarchy of glioma to the knockout of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) is determined not only by their oncogenic states, but also by their cell identities/states. Knockout of IGF1R selectively disrupts the growth of mutant and transformed, but not normal OPCs, or NSCs. The desirable outcome of IGF1R knockout on cell growth requires the mutant cells to commit to the OPC identity regardless of its development hierarchical status. At the molecular level, oncogenic mutations reprogram the cellular network of OPCs and force them to depend more on IGF1R for their growth. A new‐generation brain‐penetrable, orally available IGF1R inhibitor harnessing tumor OPCs in the brain is also developed. The findings reveal the cellular window of IGF1R targeting and establish IGF1R as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.
AU - Tian, Anhao
AU - Kang, Bo
AU - Li, Baizhou
AU - Qiu, Biying
AU - Jiang, Wenhong
AU - Shao, Fangjie
AU - Gao, Qingqing
AU - Liu, Rui
AU - Cai, Chengwei
AU - Jing, Rui
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Chen, Pengxiang
AU - Liang, Qinghui
AU - Bao, Lili
AU - Man, Jianghong
AU - Wang, Yan
AU - Shi, Yu
AU - Li, Jin
AU - Yang, Minmin
AU - Wang, Lisha
AU - Zhang, Jianmin
AU - Hippenmeyer, Simon
AU - Zhu, Junming
AU - Bian, Xiuwu
AU - Wang, Ying‐Jie
AU - Liu, Chong
ID - 8592
IS - 21
JF - Advanced Science
KW - General Engineering
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Materials Science
KW - Medicine (miscellaneous)
KW - General Chemical Engineering
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SN - 2198-3844
TI - Oncogenic state and cell identity combinatorially dictate the susceptibility of cells within glioma development hierarchy to IGF1R targeting
VL - 7
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.
AU - Prehal, Christian
AU - Fitzek, Harald
AU - Kothleitner, Gerald
AU - Presser, Volker
AU - Gollas, Bernhard
AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
AU - Abbas, Qamar
ID - 8568
JF - Nature Communications
KW - General Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Chemistry
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The parabigeminal nucleus (PBG) is the mammalian homologue to the isthmic complex of other vertebrates. Optogenetic stimulation of the PBG induces freezing and escape in mice, a result thought to be caused by a PBG projection to the central nucleus of the amygdala. However, the isthmic complex, including the PBG, has been classically considered satellite nuclei of the Superior Colliculus (SC), which upon stimulation of its medial part also triggers fear and avoidance reactions. As the PBG-SC connectivity is not well characterized, we investigated whether the topology of the PBG projection to the SC could be related to the behavioral consequences of PBG stimulation. To that end, we performed immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and neural tracer injections in the SC and PBG in a diurnal rodent, the Octodon degus. We found that all PBG neurons expressed both glutamatergic and cholinergic markers and were distributed in clearly defined anterior (aPBG) and posterior (pPBG) subdivisions. The pPBG is connected reciprocally and topographically to the ipsilateral SC, whereas the aPBG receives afferent axons from the ipsilateral SC and projected exclusively to the contralateral SC. This contralateral projection forms a dense field of terminals that is restricted to the medial SC, in correspondence with the SC representation of the aerial binocular field which, we also found, in O. degus prompted escape reactions upon looming stimulation. Therefore, this specialized topography allows binocular interactions in the SC region controlling responses to aerial predators, suggesting a link between the mechanisms by which the SC and PBG produce defensive behaviors.
AU - Deichler, Alfonso
AU - Carrasco, Denisse
AU - Lopez-Jury, Luciana
AU - Vega Zuniga, Tomas A
AU - Marquez, Natalia
AU - Mpodozis, Jorge
AU - Marin, Gonzalo
ID - 8643
JF - Scientific Reports
TI - A specialized reciprocal connectivity suggests a link between the mechanisms by which the superior colliculus and parabigeminal nucleus produce defensive behaviors in rodents
VL - 10
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Epistasis, the context-dependence of the contribution of an amino acid substitution to fitness, is common in evolution. To detect epistasis, fitness must be measured for at least four genotypes: the reference genotype, two different single mutants and a double mutant with both of the single mutations. For higher-order epistasis of the order n, fitness has to be measured for all 2n genotypes of an n-dimensional hypercube in genotype space forming a ‘combinatorially complete dataset’. So far, only a handful of such datasets have been produced by manual curation. Concurrently, random mutagenesis experiments have produced measurements of fitness and other phenotypes in a high-throughput manner, potentially containing a number of combinatorially complete datasets. We present an effective recursive algorithm for finding all hypercube structures in random mutagenesis experimental data. To test the algorithm, we applied it to the data from a recent HIS3 protein dataset and found all 199 847 053 unique combinatorially complete genotype combinations of dimensionality ranging from 2 to 12. The algorithm may be useful for researchers looking for higher-order epistasis in their high-throughput experimental data.
AU - Esteban, Laura A
AU - Lonishin, Lyubov R
AU - Bobrovskiy, Daniil M
AU - Leleytner, Gregory
AU - Bogatyreva, Natalya S
AU - Kondrashov, Fyodor
AU - Ivankov, Dmitry N
ID - 8645
IS - 6
JF - Bioinformatics
SN - 1367-4803
TI - HypercubeME: Two hundred million combinatorially complete datasets from a single experiment
VL - 36
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Error analysis and data visualization of positive COVID-19 cases in 27 countries have been performed up to August 8, 2020. This survey generally observes a progression from early exponential growth transitioning to an intermediate power-law growth phase, as recently suggested by Ziff and Ziff. The occurrence of logistic growth after the power-law phase with lockdowns or social distancing may be described as an effect of avoidance. A visualization of the power-law growth exponent over short time windows is qualitatively similar to the Bhatia visualization for pandemic progression. Visualizations like these can indicate the onset of second waves and may influence social policy.
AU - Merrin, Jack
ID - 8597
IS - 6
JF - Physical Biology
TI - Differences in power law growth over time and indicators of COVID-19 pandemic progression worldwide
VL - 17
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters expressed by perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs): this helps maintain point-to-point transmission in excitatory circuits. Memory formation in the brain is associated with synaptic remodeling, but how this affects PAPs and therefore extrasynaptic glutamate actions is poorly understood. Here, we used advanced imaging methods, in situ and in vivo, to find that a classical synaptic memory mechanism, long-term potentiation (LTP), triggers withdrawal of PAPs from potentiated synapses. Optical glutamate sensors combined with patch-clamp and 3D molecular localization reveal that LTP induction thus prompts spatial retreat of astroglial glutamate transporters, boosting glutamate spillover and NMDA-receptor-mediated inter-synaptic cross-talk. The LTP-triggered PAP withdrawal involves NKCC1 transporters and the actin-controlling protein cofilin but does not depend on major Ca2+-dependent cascades in astrocytes. We have therefore uncovered a mechanism by which a memory trace at one synapse could alter signal handling by multiple neighboring connections.
AU - Henneberger, Christian
AU - Bard, Lucie
AU - Panatier, Aude
AU - Reynolds, James P.
AU - Kopach, Olga
AU - Medvedev, Nikolay I.
AU - Minge, Daniel
AU - Herde, Michel K.
AU - Anders, Stefanie
AU - Kraev, Igor
AU - Heller, Janosch P.
AU - Rama, Sylvain
AU - Zheng, Kaiyu
AU - Jensen, Thomas P.
AU - Sanchez-Romero, Inmaculada
AU - Jackson, Colin J.
AU - Janovjak, Harald L
AU - Ottersen, Ole Petter
AU - Nagelhus, Erlend Arnulf
AU - Oliet, Stephane H.R.
AU - Stewart, Michael G.
AU - Nägerl, U. VAlentin
AU - Rusakov, Dmitri A.
ID - 8674
IS - 5
JF - Neuron
SN - 08966273
TI - LTP induction boosts glutamate spillover by driving withdrawal of perisynaptic astroglia
VL - 108
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Nature creates electrons with two values of the spin projection quantum number. In certain applications, it is important to filter electrons with one spin projection from the rest. Such filtering is not trivial, since spin-dependent interactions are often weak, and cannot lead to any substantial effect. Here we propose an efficient spin filter based upon scattering from a two-dimensional crystal, which is made of aligned point magnets. The polarization of the outgoing electron flux is controlled by the crystal, and reaches maximum at specific values of the parameters. In our scheme, polarization increase is accompanied by higher reflectivity of the crystal. High transmission is feasible in scattering from a quantum cavity made of two crystals. Our findings can be used for studies of low-energy spin-dependent scattering from two-dimensional ordered structures made of magnetic atoms or aligned chiral molecules.
AU - Ghazaryan, Areg
AU - Lemeshko, Mikhail
AU - Volosniev, Artem
ID - 8652
JF - Communications Physics
SN - 2399-3650
TI - Filtering spins by scattering from a lattice of point magnets
VL - 3
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Pancreatic islets play an essential role in regulating blood glucose level. Although the molecular pathways underlying islet cell differentiation are beginning to be resolved, the cellular basis of islet morphogenesis and fate allocation remain unclear. By combining unbiased and targeted lineage tracing, we address the events leading to islet formation in the mouse. From the statistical analysis of clones induced at multiple embryonic timepoints, here we show that, during the secondary transition, islet formation involves the aggregation of multiple equipotent endocrine progenitors that transition from a phase of stochastic amplification by cell division into a phase of sublineage restriction and limited islet fission. Together, these results explain quantitatively the heterogeneous size distribution and degree of polyclonality of maturing islets, as well as dispersion of progenitors within and between islets. Further, our results show that, during the secondary transition, α- and β-cells are generated in a contemporary manner. Together, these findings provide insight into the cellular basis of islet development.
AU - Sznurkowska, Magdalena K.
AU - Hannezo, Edouard B
AU - Azzarelli, Roberta
AU - Chatzeli, Lemonia
AU - Ikeda, Tatsuro
AU - Yoshida, Shosei
AU - Philpott, Anna
AU - Simons, Benjamin D
ID - 8669
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Tracing the cellular basis of islet specification in mouse pancreas
VL - 11
ER -