TY - JOUR AB - Based on extrapolation from excitatory synapses, it is often assumed that depletion of the releasable pool of synaptic vesicles is the main factor underlying depression at inhibitory synapses. In this issue of Neuron, using subcellular patch-clamp recording from inhibitory presynaptic terminals, Kawaguchi and Sakaba (2015) show that at Purkinje cell-deep cerebellar nuclei neuron synapses, changes in presynaptic action potential waveform substantially contribute to synaptic depression. Based on extrapolation from excitatory synapses, it is often assumed that depletion of the releasable pool of synaptic vesicles is the main factor underlying depression at inhibitory synapses. In this issue of Neuron, using subcellular patch-clamp recording from inhibitory presynaptic terminals, Kawaguchi and Sakaba (2015) show that at Purkinje cell-deep cerebellar nuclei neuron synapses, changes in presynaptic action potential waveform substantially contribute to synaptic depression. AU - Vandael, David H AU - Espinoza Martinez, Claudia AU - Jonas, Peter M ID - 1845 IS - 6 JF - Neuron TI - Excitement about inhibitory presynaptic terminals VL - 85 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this paper, we present a method for reducing a regular, discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) to another DTMC with a given, typically much smaller number of states. The cost of reduction is defined as the Kullback-Leibler divergence rate between a projection of the original process through a partition function and a DTMC on the correspondingly partitioned state space. Finding the reduced model with minimal cost is computationally expensive, as it requires an exhaustive search among all state space partitions, and an exact evaluation of the reduction cost for each candidate partition. Our approach deals with the latter problem by minimizing an upper bound on the reduction cost instead of minimizing the exact cost. The proposed upper bound is easy to compute and it is tight if the original chain is lumpable with respect to the partition. Then, we express the problem in the form of information bottleneck optimization, and propose using the agglomerative information bottleneck algorithm for searching a suboptimal partition greedily, rather than exhaustively. The theory is illustrated with examples and one application scenario in the context of modeling bio-molecular interactions. AU - Geiger, Bernhard AU - Petrov, Tatjana AU - Kubin, Gernot AU - Koeppl, Heinz ID - 1840 IS - 4 JF - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control SN - 0018-9286 TI - Optimal Kullback-Leibler aggregation via information bottleneck VL - 60 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose a new family of message passing techniques for MAP estimation in graphical models which we call Sequential Reweighted Message Passing (SRMP). Special cases include well-known techniques such as Min-Sum Diffusion (MSD) and a faster Sequential Tree-Reweighted Message Passing (TRW-S). Importantly, our derivation is simpler than the original derivation of TRW-S, and does not involve a decomposition into trees. This allows easy generalizations. The new family of algorithms can be viewed as a generalization of TRW-S from pairwise to higher-order graphical models. We test SRMP on several real-world problems with promising results. AU - Kolmogorov, Vladimir ID - 1841 IS - 5 JF - IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence TI - A new look at reweighted message passing VL - 37 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cell polarity is a fundamental property of pro- and eukaryotic cells. It is necessary for coordination of cell division, cell morphogenesis and signaling processes. How polarity is generated and maintained is a complex issue governed by interconnected feed-back regulations between small GTPase signaling and membrane tension-based signaling that controls membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. Here, we will review the potential role for calcium as a crucial signal that connects and coordinates the respective processes during polarization processes in plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium. AU - Himschoot, Ellie AU - Beeckman, Tom AU - Friml, Jiřĺ AU - Vanneste, Steffen ID - 1849 IS - 9 JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research TI - Calcium is an organizer of cell polarity in plants VL - 1853 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grones, Peter AU - Friml, Jiřĺ ID - 1847 IS - 3 JF - Molecular Plant TI - ABP1: Finally docking VL - 8 ER -