TY - JOUR AB - In large populations, multiple beneficial mutations may be simultaneously spreading. In asexual populations, these mutations must either arise on the same background or compete against each other. In sexual populations, recombination can bring together beneficial alleles from different backgrounds, but tightly linked alleles may still greatly interfere with each other. We show for well-mixed populations that when this interference is strong, the genome can be seen as consisting of many effectively asexual stretches linked together. The rate at which beneficial alleles fix is thus roughly proportional to the rate of recombination and depends only logarithmically on the mutation supply and the strength of selection. Our scaling arguments also allow us to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the fitness distribution of fixed mutations when the mutational effect sizes are broad. We focus on the regime in which crossovers occur more frequently than beneficial mutations, as is likely to be the case for many natural populations. AU - Weissman, Daniel AU - Hallatschek, Oskar ID - 1908 IS - 4 JF - Genetics TI - The rate of adaptation in large sexual populations with linear chromosomes VL - 196 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The topological Tverberg theorem has been generalized in several directions by setting extra restrictions on the Tverberg partitions. Restricted Tverberg partitions, defined by the idea that certain points cannot be in the same part, are encoded with graphs. When two points are adjacent in the graph, they are not in the same part. If the restrictions are too harsh, then the topological Tverberg theorem fails. The colored Tverberg theorem corresponds to graphs constructed as disjoint unions of small complete graphs. Hell studied the case of paths and cycles. In graph theory these partitions are usually viewed as graph colorings. As explored by Aharoni, Haxell, Meshulam and others there are fundamental connections between several notions of graph colorings and topological combinatorics. For ordinary graph colorings it is enough to require that the number of colors q satisfy q>Δ, where Δ is the maximal degree of the graph. It was proven by the first author using equivariant topology that if q>Δ 2 then the topological Tverberg theorem still works. It is conjectured that q>KΔ is also enough for some constant K, and in this paper we prove a fixed-parameter version of that conjecture. The required topological connectivity results are proven with shellability, which also strengthens some previous partial results where the topological connectivity was proven with the nerve lemma. AU - Engström, Alexander AU - Noren, Patrik ID - 1911 IS - 1 JF - Discrete & Computational Geometry TI - Tverberg's Theorem and Graph Coloring VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function. Although the genetic basis is partly understood, only a fraction of cases can receive a genetic diagnosis, and a global view of HSP is lacking. By using whole-exome sequencing in combination with network analysis, we identified 18 previously unknown putative HSP genes and validated nearly all of these genes functionally or genetically. The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. Network analysis revealed a host of further candidate genes, of which three were mutated in our cohort. Our analysis links HSP to other neurodegenerative disorders and can facilitate gene discovery and mechanistic understanding of disease. AU - Novarino, Gaia AU - Fenstermaker, Ali AU - Zaki, Maha AU - Hofree, Matan AU - Silhavy, Jennifer AU - Heiberg, Andrew AU - Abdellateef, Mostafa AU - Rosti, Başak AU - Scott, Eric AU - Mansour, Lobna AU - Masri, Amira AU - Kayserili, Hülya AU - Al Aama, Jumana AU - Abdel Salam, Ghada AU - Karminejad, Ariana AU - Kara, Majdi AU - Kara, Bülent AU - Bozorgmehri, Bita AU - Ben Omran, Tawfeg AU - Mojahedi, Faezeh AU - Mahmoud, Iman AU - Bouslam, Naïma AU - Bouhouche, Ahmed AU - Benomar, Ali AU - Hanein, Sylvain AU - Raymond, Laure AU - Forlani, Sylvie AU - Mascaro, Massimo AU - Selim, Laila AU - Shehata, Nabil AU - Al Allawi, Nasir AU - Bindu, Parayil AU - Azam, Matloob AU - Günel, Murat AU - Caglayan, Ahmet AU - Bilgüvar, Kaya AU - Tolun, Aslihan AU - Issa, Mahmoud AU - Schroth, Jana AU - Spencer, Emily AU - Rosti, Rasim AU - Akizu, Naiara AU - Vaux, Keith AU - Johansen, Anide AU - Koh, Alice AU - Megahed, Hisham AU - Dürr, Alexandra AU - Brice, Alexis AU - Stévanin, Giovanni AU - Gabriel, Stacy AU - Ideker, Trey AU - Gleeson, Joseph ID - 1916 IS - 6170 JF - Science TI - Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders VL - 343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) was discovered nearly 40 years ago and was shown to be essential for plant development and morphogenesis, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here, we report that the plasma membrane-localized transmembrane kinase (TMK) receptor-like kinases interact with ABP1 and transduce auxin signal to activate plasma membrane-associated ROPs [Rho-like guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase) from plants], leading to changes in the cytoskeleton and the shape of leaf pavement cells in Arabidopsis. The interaction between ABP1 and TMK at the cell surface is induced by auxin and requires ABP1 sensing of auxin. These findings show that TMK proteins and ABP1 form a cell surface auxin perception complex that activates ROP signaling pathways, regulating nontranscriptional cytoplasmic responses and associated fundamental processes. AU - Xu, Tongda AU - Dai, Ning AU - Chen, Jisheng AU - Nagawa, Shingo AU - Cao, Min AU - Li, Hongjiang AU - Zhou, Zimin AU - Chen, Xu AU - De Rycke, Riet AU - Rakusová, Hana AU - Wang, Wen AU - Jones, Alan AU - Friml, Jirí AU - Patterson, Sara AU - Bleecker, Anthony AU - Yang, Zhenbiao ID - 1917 IS - 6174 JF - Science TI - Cell surface ABP1-TMK auxin sensing complex activates ROP GTPase signaling VL - 343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cerebellar motor learning is suggested to be caused by long-term plasticity of excitatory parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses associated with changes in the number of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, whether the AMPARs decrease or increase in individual PF-PC synapses occurs in physiological motor learning and accounts for memory that lasts over days remains elusive. We combined quantitative SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling for AMPAR and physical dissector electron microscopy with a simple model of cerebellar motor learning, adaptation of horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR) in mouse. After 1-h training of HOKR, short-term adaptation (STA) was accompanied with transient decrease in AMPARs by 28% in target PF-PC synapses. STA was well correlated with AMPAR decrease in individual animals and both STA and AMPAR decrease recovered to basal levels within 24 h. Surprisingly, long-termadaptation (LTA) after five consecutive daily trainings of 1-h HOKR did not alter the number of AMPARs in PF-PC synapses but caused gradual and persistent synapse elimination by 45%, with corresponding PC spine loss by the fifth training day. Furthermore, recovery of LTA after 2 wk was well correlated with increase of PF-PC synapses to the control level. Our findings indicate that the AMPARs decrease in PF-PC synapses and the elimination of these synapses are in vivo engrams in short- and long-term motor learning, respectively, showing a unique type of synaptic plasticity that may contribute to memory consolidation. AU - Wang, Wen AU - Nakadate, Kazuhiko AU - Masugi Tokita, Miwako AU - Shutoh, Fumihiro AU - Aziz, Wajeeha AU - Tarusawa, Etsuko AU - Lörincz, Andrea AU - Molnár, Elek AU - Kesaf, Sebnem AU - Li, Yunqing AU - Fukazawa, Yugo AU - Nagao, Soichi AU - Shigemoto, Ryuichi ID - 1920 IS - 1 JF - PNAS TI - Distinct cerebellar engrams in short-term and long-term motor learning VL - 111 ER - TY - JOUR AB - ROPs (Rho of plants) belong to a large family of plant-specific Rho-like small GTPases that function as essential molecular switches to control diverse cellular processes including cytoskeleton organization, cell polarization, cytokinesis, cell differentiation and vesicle trafficking. Although the machineries of vesicle trafficking and cell polarity in plants have been individually well addressed, how ROPs co-ordinate those processes is still largely unclear. Recent progress has been made towards an understanding of the coordination of ROP signalling and trafficking of PIN (PINFORMED) transporters for the plant hormone auxin in both root and leaf pavement cells. PIN transporters constantly shuttle between the endosomal compartments and the polar plasma membrane domains, therefore the modulation of PIN-dependent auxin transport between cells is a main developmental output of ROP-regulated vesicle trafficking. The present review focuses on these cellular mechanisms, especially the integration of ROP-based vesicle trafficking and plant cell polarity. AU - Chen, Xu AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1915 IS - 1 JF - Biochemical Society Transactions SN - 0300-5127 TI - Rho-GTPase-regulated vesicle trafficking in plant cell polarity VL - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Long-lasting memories are formed when the stimulus is temporally distributed (spacing effect). However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying this robust phenomenon and the precise time course of the synaptic modifications that occur during learning remain unclear. Here we examined the adaptation of horizontal optokinetic response in mice that underwent 1 h of massed and spaced training at varying intervals. Despite similar acquisition by all training protocols, 1 h of spacing produced the highest memory retention at 24 h, which lasted for 1 mo. The distinct kinetics of memory are strongly correlated with the reduction of floccular parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses but not with AMPA receptor (AMPAR) number and synapse size. After the spaced training, we observed 25%, 23%, and 12% reduction in AMPAR density, synapse size, and synapse number, respectively. Four hours after the spaced training, half of the synapses and Purkinje cell spines had been eliminated, whereas AMPAR density and synapse size were recovered in remaining synapses. Surprisingly, massed training also produced long-term memory and halving of synapses; however, this occurred slowly over days, and the memory lasted for only 1 wk. This distinct kinetics of structural plasticity may serve as a basis for unique temporal profiles in the formation and decay of memory with or without intervals. AU - Aziz, Wajeeha AU - Wang, Wen AU - Kesaf, Sebnem AU - Mohamed, Alsayed AU - Fukazawa, Yugo AU - Shigemoto, Ryuichi ID - 1919 IS - 1 JF - PNAS TI - Distinct kinetics of synaptic structural plasticity, memory formation, and memory decay in massed and spaced learning VL - 111 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the nuclear charge Z is continuously decreased an N-electron atom undergoes a binding-unbinding transition. We investigate whether the electrons remain bound and whether the radius of the system stays finite as the critical value Zc is approached. Existence of a ground state at Zc is shown under the condition Zc < N-K, where K is the maximal number of electrons that can be removed at Zc without changing the energy. AU - Bellazzini, Jacopo AU - Frank, Rupert AU - Lieb, Élliott AU - Seiringer, Robert ID - 1918 IS - 1 JF - Reviews in Mathematical Physics TI - Existence of ground states for negative ions at the binding threshold VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Targeting membrane proteins for degradation requires the sequential action of ESCRT sub-complexes ESCRT-0 to ESCRT-III. Although this machinery is generally conserved among kingdoms, plants lack the essential ESCRT-0 components. A new report closes this gap by identifying a novel protein family that substitutes for ESCRT-0 function in plants. AU - Sauer, Michael AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1914 IS - 1 JF - Current Biology TI - Plant biology: Gatekeepers of the road to protein perdition VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the past decade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied as a potential drug-delivery system, especially with functionality for cellular targeting. Yet, little is known about the actual process of docking to cell receptors and transport dynamics after internalization. Here we performed single-particle studies of folic acid (FA) mediated CNT binding to human carcinoma cells and their transport inside the cytosol. In particular, we employed molecular recognition force spectroscopy, an atomic force microscopy based method, to visualize and quantify docking of FA functionalized CNTs to FA binding receptors in terms of binding probability and binding force. We then traced individual fluorescently labeled, FA functionalized CNTs after specific uptake, and created a dynamic 'roadmap' that clearly showed trajectories of directed diffusion and areas of nanotube confinement in the cytosol. Our results demonstrate the potential of a single-molecule approach for investigation of drug-delivery vehicles and their targeting capacity. AU - Lamprecht, Constanze AU - Plochberger, Birgit AU - Ruprecht, Verena AU - Wieser, Stefan AU - Rankl, Christian AU - Heister, Elena AU - Unterauer, Barbara AU - Brameshuber, Mario AU - Danzberger, Jürgen AU - Lukanov, Petar AU - Flahaut, Emmanuel AU - Schütz, Gerhard AU - Hinterdorfer, Peter AU - Ebner, Andreas ID - 1925 IS - 12 JF - Nanotechnology TI - A single-molecule approach to explore binding uptake and transport of cancer cell targeting nanotubes VL - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We derive the equations for a thin, axisymmetric elastic shell subjected to an internal active stress giving rise to active tension and moments within the shell. We discuss the stability of a cylindrical elastic shell and its response to a localized change in internal active stress. This description is relevant to describe the cellular actomyosin cortex, a thin shell at the cell surface behaving elastically at a short timescale and subjected to active internal forces arising from myosin molecular motor activity. We show that the recent observations of cell deformation following detachment of adherent cells (Maître J-L et al 2012 Science 338 253-6) are well accounted for by this mechanical description. The actin cortex elastic and bending moduli can be obtained from a quantitative analysis of cell shapes observed in these experiments. Our approach thus provides a non-invasive, imaging-based method for the extraction of cellular physical parameters. AU - Berthoumieux, Hélène AU - Maître, Jean-Léon AU - Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J AU - Paluch, Ewa AU - Julicher, Frank AU - Salbreux, Guillaume ID - 1923 JF - New Journal of Physics TI - Active elastic thin shell theory for cellular deformations VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cell polarity manifested by asymmetric distribution of cargoes, such as receptors and transporters, within the plasma membrane (PM) is crucial for essential functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, cell polarity (re)establishment is intimately linked to patterning processes. Despite the importance of cell polarity, its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, including the definition and distinctiveness of the polar domains within the PM. Here, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that the signaling membrane components, the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4, 5)P2] as well as PtdIns4P 5-kinases mediating their interconversion, are specifically enriched at apical and basal polar plasma membrane domains. The PtdIns4P 5-kinases PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are redundantly required for polar localization of specifically apical and basal cargoes, such as PIN-FORMED transporters for the plant hormone auxin. As a consequence of the polarity defects, instructive auxin gradients as well as embryonic and postembryonic patterning are severely compromised. Furthermore, auxin itself regulates PIP5K transcription and PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4, 5)P2 levels, in particular their association with polar PM domains. Our results provide insight into the polar domain-delineating mechanisms in plant cells that depend on apical and basal distribution of membrane lipids and are essential for embryonic and postembryonic patterning. AU - Tejos, Ricardo AU - Sauer, Michael AU - Vanneste, Steffen AU - Palacios-Gomez, MiriamPalacios AU - Li, Hongjiang AU - Heilmann, Mareike AU - Van Wijk, Ringo AU - Vermeer, Joop AU - Heilmann, Ingo AU - Munnik, Teun AU - Friml, Jirí ID - 1921 IS - 5 JF - Plant Cell TI - Bipolar plasma membrane distribution of phosphoinositides and their requirement for auxin-mediated cell polarity and patterning in Arabidopsis VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross-talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross-talk with ethylene in hook development. An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer. We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR-mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening. Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high-resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene- and BR-mediated postponement of hook opening. AU - Smet, Dajo AU - Žádníková, Petra AU - Vandenbussche, Filip AU - Benková, Eva AU - Van Der Straeten, Dominique ID - 1922 IS - 4 JF - New Phytologist TI - Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: The case of brassinosteroids VL - 202 ER - TY - CONF AB - Constrained pseudorandom functions have recently been introduced independently by Boneh and Waters (Asiacrypt’13), Kiayias et al. (CCS’13), and Boyle et al. (PKC’14). In a standard pseudorandom function (PRF) a key k is used to evaluate the PRF on all inputs in the domain. Constrained PRFs additionally offer the functionality to delegate “constrained” keys kS which allow to evaluate the PRF only on a subset S of the domain. The three above-mentioned papers all show that the classical GGM construction (J.ACM’86) of a PRF from a pseudorandom generator (PRG) directly yields a constrained PRF where one can compute constrained keys to evaluate the PRF on all inputs with a given prefix. This constrained PRF has already found many interesting applications. Unfortunately, the existing security proofs only show selective security (by a reduction to the security of the underlying PRG). To achieve full security, one has to use complexity leveraging, which loses an exponential factor 2N in security, where N is the input length. The first contribution of this paper is a new reduction that only loses a quasipolynomial factor qlog N, where q is the number of adversarial queries. For this we develop a new proof technique which constructs a distinguisher by interleaving simple guessing steps and hybrid arguments a small number of times. This approach might be of interest also in other contexts where currently the only technique to achieve full security is complexity leveraging. Our second contribution is concerned with another constrained PRF, due to Boneh and Waters, which allows for constrained keys for the more general class of bit-fixing functions. Their security proof also suffers from a 2N loss, which we show is inherent. We construct a meta-reduction which shows that any “simple” reduction of full security from a noninteractive hardness assumption must incur an exponential security loss. AU - Georg Fuchsbauer AU - Konstantinov, Momchil AU - Krzysztof Pietrzak AU - Rao, Vanishree ID - 1927 TI - Adaptive security of constrained PRFs VL - 8874 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider cross products of finite graphs with a class of trees that have arbitrarily but finitely long line segments, such as the Fibonacci tree. Such cross products are called tree-strips. We prove that for small disorder random Schrödinger operators on such tree-strips have purely absolutely continuous spectrum in a certain set. AU - Sadel, Christian ID - 1926 IS - 3-4 JF - Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry TI - Absolutely continuous spectrum for random Schrödinger operators on the Fibonacci and similar Tree-strips VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Stomata are two-celled valves that control epidermal pores whose spacing optimizes shoot-atmosphere gas exchange. They develop from protodermal cells after unequal divisions followed by an equal division and differentiation. The concentration of the hormone auxin, a master plant developmental regulator, is tightly controlled in time and space, but its role, if any, in stomatal formation is obscure. Here dynamic changes of auxin activity during stomatal development are monitored using auxin input (DII-VENUS) and output (DR5:VENUS) markers by time-lapse imaging. A decrease in auxin levels in the smaller daughter cell after unequal division presages the acquisition of a guard mother cell fate whose equal division produces the two guard cells. Thus, stomatal patterning requires auxin pathway control of stem cell compartment size, as well as auxin depletion that triggers a developmental switch from unequal to equal division. AU - Le, Jie AU - Liu, Xuguang AU - Yang, Kezhen AU - Chen, Xiaolan AU - Zhu, Lingling AU - Wang, Hongzhe AU - Wang, Ming AU - Vanneste, Steffen AU - Morita, Miyo AU - Tasaka, Masao AU - Ding, Zhaojun AU - Friml, Jirí AU - Beeckman, Tom AU - Sack, Fred ID - 1924 JF - Nature Communications TI - Auxin transport and activity regulate stomatal patterning and development VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In infectious disease epidemiology the basic reproductive ratio, R0, is defined as the average number of new infections caused by a single infected individual in a fully susceptible population. Many models describing competition for hosts between non-interacting pathogen strains in an infinite population lead to the conclusion that selection favors invasion of new strains if and only if they have higher R0 values than the resident. Here we demonstrate that this picture fails in finite populations. Using a simple stochastic SIS model, we show that in general there is no analogous optimization principle. We find that successive invasions may in some cases lead to strains that infect a smaller fraction of the host population, and that mutually invasible pathogen strains exist. In the limit of weak selection we demonstrate that an optimization principle does exist, although it differs from R0 maximization. For strains with very large R0, we derive an expression for this local fitness function and use it to establish a lower bound for the error caused by neglecting stochastic effects. Furthermore, we apply this weak selection limit to investigate the selection dynamics in the presence of a trade-off between the virulence and the transmission rate of a pathogen. AU - Humplik, Jan AU - Hill, Alison AU - Nowak, Martin ID - 1928 JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology TI - Evolutionary dynamics of infectious diseases in finite populations VL - 360 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose an algorithm for the generalization of cartographic objects that can be used to represent maps on different scales. AU - Alexeev, V V AU - Bogaevskaya, V G AU - Preobrazhenskaya, M M AU - Ukhalov, A Y AU - Edelsbrunner, Herbert AU - Yakimova, Olga ID - 1929 IS - 6 JF - Journal of Mathematical Sciences SN - 1072-3374 TI - An algorithm for cartographic generalization that preserves global topology VL - 203 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider Ising models in d = 2 and d = 3 dimensions with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic and long-range antiferromagnetic interactions, the latter decaying as (distance)-p, p > 2d, at large distances. If the strength J of the ferromagnetic interaction is larger than a critical value J c, then the ground state is homogeneous. It has been conjectured that when J is smaller than but close to J c, the ground state is periodic and striped, with stripes of constant width h = h(J), and h → ∞ as J → Jc -. (In d = 3 stripes mean slabs, not columns.) Here we rigorously prove that, if we normalize the energy in such a way that the energy of the homogeneous state is zero, then the ratio e 0(J)/e S(J) tends to 1 as J → Jc -, with e S(J) being the energy per site of the optimal periodic striped/slabbed state and e 0(J) the actual ground state energy per site of the system. Our proof comes with explicit bounds on the difference e 0(J)-e S(J) at small but positive J c-J, and also shows that in this parameter range the ground state is striped/slabbed in a certain sense: namely, if one looks at a randomly chosen window, of suitable size ℓ (very large compared to the optimal stripe size h(J)), one finds a striped/slabbed state with high probability. AU - Giuliani, Alessandro AU - Lieb, Élliott AU - Seiringer, Robert ID - 1935 JF - Communications in Mathematical Physics SN - 0010-3616 TI - Formation of stripes and slabs near the ferromagnetic transition VL - 331 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The social intelligence hypothesis states that the need to cope with complexities of social life has driven the evolution of advanced cognitive abilities. It is usually invoked in the context of challenges arising from complex intragroup structures, hierarchies, and alliances. However, a fundamental aspect of group living remains largely unexplored as a driving force in cognitive evolution: the competition between individuals searching for resources (producers) and conspecifics that parasitize their findings (scroungers). In populations of social foragers, abilities that enable scroungers to steal by outsmarting producers, and those allowing producers to prevent theft by outsmarting scroungers, are likely to be beneficial and may fuel a cognitive arms race. Using analytical theory and agent-based simulations, we present a general model for such a race that is driven by the producer-scrounger game and show that the race's plausibility is dramatically affected by the nature of the evolving abilities. If scrounging and scrounging avoidance rely on separate, strategy-specific cognitive abilities, arms races are short-lived and have a limited effect on cognition. However, general cognitive abilities that facilitate both scrounging and scrounging avoidance undergo stable, long-lasting arms races. Thus, ubiquitous foraging interactions may lead to the evolution of general cognitive abilities in social animals, without the requirement of complex intragroup structures. AU - Arbilly, Michal AU - Weissman, Daniel AU - Feldman, Marcus AU - Grodzinski, Uri ID - 1936 IS - 3 JF - Behavioral Ecology TI - An arms race between producers and scroungers can drive the evolution of social cognition VL - 25 ER -