TY - JOUR AB - The elastic Leidenfrost effect occurs when a vaporizable soft solid is lowered onto a hot surface. Evaporative flow couples to elastic deformation, giving spontaneous bouncing or steady-state floating. The effect embodies an unexplored interplay between thermodynamics, elasticity, and lubrication: despite being observed, its basic theoretical description remains a challenge. Here, we provide a theory of elastic Leidenfrost floating. As weight increases, a rigid solid sits closer to the hot surface. By contrast, we discover an elasticity-dominated regime where the heavier the solid, the higher it floats. This geometry-governed behavior is reminiscent of the dynamics of large liquid Leidenfrost drops. We show that this elastic regime is characterized by Hertzian behavior of the solid’s underbelly and derive how the float height scales with materials parameters. Introducing a dimensionless elastic Leidenfrost number, we capture the crossover between rigid and Hertzian behavior. Our results provide theoretical underpinning for recent experiments, and point to the design of novel soft machines. AU - Binysh, Jack AU - Chakraborty, Indrajit AU - Chubynsky, Mykyta V. AU - Diaz Melian, Vicente L AU - Waitukaitis, Scott R AU - Sprittles, James E. AU - Souslov, Anton ID - 14514 IS - 16 JF - Physical Review Letters SN - 0031-9007 TI - Modeling Leidenfrost levitation of soft elastic solids VL - 131 ER - TY - GEN AB - see Readme file AU - Binysh, Jack AU - Chakraborty, Indrajit AU - Chubynsky, Mykyta AU - Diaz Melian, Vicente L AU - Waitukaitis, Scott R AU - Sprittles, James AU - Souslov, Anton ID - 14523 TI - SouslovLab/PRL2023-ModellingLeidenfrostLevitationofSoftElasticSolids: v1.0.1 ER - TY - CONF AB - We consider bidding games, a class of two-player zero-sum graph games. The game proceeds as follows. Both players have bounded budgets. A token is placed on a vertex of a graph, in each turn the players simultaneously submit bids, and the higher bidder moves the token, where we break bidding ties in favor of Player 1. Player 1 wins the game iff the token visits a designated target vertex. We consider, for the first time, poorman discrete-bidding in which the granularity of the bids is restricted and the higher bid is paid to the bank. Previous work either did not impose granularity restrictions or considered Richman bidding (bids are paid to the opponent). While the latter mechanisms are technically more accessible, the former is more appealing from a practical standpoint. Our study focuses on threshold budgets, which is the necessary and sufficient initial budget required for Player 1 to ensure winning against a given Player 2 budget. We first show existence of thresholds. In DAGs, we show that threshold budgets can be approximated with error bounds by thresholds under continuous-bidding and that they exhibit a periodic behavior. We identify closed-form solutions in special cases. We implement and experiment with an algorithm to find threshold budgets. AU - Avni, Guy AU - Meggendorfer, Tobias AU - Sadhukhan, Suman AU - Tkadlec, Josef AU - Zikelic, Dorde ID - 14518 SN - 0922-6389 T2 - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications TI - Reachability poorman discrete-bidding games VL - 372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eukaryotic cells can undergo different forms of programmed cell death, many of which culminate in plasma membrane rupture as the defining terminal event1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Plasma membrane rupture was long thought to be driven by osmotic pressure, but it has recently been shown to be in many cases an active process, mediated by the protein ninjurin-18 (NINJ1). Here we resolve the structure of NINJ1 and the mechanism by which it ruptures membranes. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that NINJ1 clusters into structurally diverse assemblies in the membranes of dying cells, in particular large, filamentous assemblies with branched morphology. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of NINJ1 filaments shows a tightly packed fence-like array of transmembrane α-helices. Filament directionality and stability is defined by two amphipathic α-helices that interlink adjacent filament subunits. The NINJ1 filament features a hydrophilic side and a hydrophobic side, and molecular dynamics simulations show that it can stably cap membrane edges. The function of the resulting supramolecular arrangement was validated by site-directed mutagenesis. Our data thus suggest that, during lytic cell death, the extracellular α-helices of NINJ1 insert into the plasma membrane to polymerize NINJ1 monomers into amphipathic filaments that rupture the plasma membrane. The membrane protein NINJ1 is therefore an interactive component of the eukaryotic cell membrane that functions as an in-built breaking point in response to activation of cell death. AU - Degen, Morris AU - Santos, José Carlos AU - Pluhackova, Kristyna AU - Cebrero, Gonzalo AU - Ramos, Saray AU - Jankevicius, Gytis AU - Hartenian, Ella AU - Guillerm, Undina AU - Mari, Stefania A. AU - Kohl, Bastian AU - Müller, Daniel J. AU - Schanda, Paul AU - Maier, Timm AU - Perez, Camilo AU - Sieben, Christian AU - Broz, Petr AU - Hiller, Sebastian ID - 13096 JF - Nature SN - 0028-0836 TI - Structural basis of NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture in cell death VL - 618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A series of triarylamines was synthesised and screened for their suitability as catholytes in redox flow batteries using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Tris(4-aminophenyl)amine was found to be the strongest candidate. Solubility and initial electrochemical performance were promising; however, polymerisation was observed during electrochemical cycling leading to rapid capacity fade prescribed to a loss of accessible active material and the limitation of ion transport processes within the cell. A mixed electrolyte system of H3PO4 and HCl was found to inhibit polymerisation producing oligomers that consumed less active material reducing rates of degradation in the redox flow battery. Under these conditions Coulombic efficiency improved by over 4 %, the maximum number of cycles more than quadrupled and an additional theoretical capacity of 20 % was accessed. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first example of triarylamines as catholytes in all-aqueous redox flow batteries and emphasises the impact supporting electrolytes can have on electrochemical performance. AU - Farag, Nadia L. AU - Jethwa, Rajesh B AU - Beardmore, Alice E. AU - Insinna, Teresa AU - O'Keefe, Christopher A. AU - Klusener, Peter A.A. AU - Grey, Clare P. AU - Wright, Dominic S. ID - 13041 IS - 13 JF - ChemSusChem SN - 1864-5631 TI - Triarylamines as catholytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Under high pressures and temperatures, molecular systems with substantial polarization charges, such as ammonia and water, are predicted to form superionic phases and dense fluid states with dissociating molecules and high electrical conductivity. This behaviour potentially plays a role in explaining the origin of the multipolar magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune, whose mantles are thought to result from a mixture of H2O, NH3 and CH4 ices. Determining the stability domain, melting curve and electrical conductivity of these superionic phases is therefore crucial for modelling planetary interiors and dynamos. Here we report the melting curve of superionic ammonia up to 300 GPa from laser-driven shock compression of pre-compressed samples and atomistic calculations. We show that ammonia melts at lower temperatures than water above 100 GPa and that fluid ammonia’s electrical conductivity exceeds that of water at conditions predicted by hot, super-adiabatic models for Uranus and Neptune, and enhances the conductivity in their fluid water-rich dynamo layers. AU - Hernandez, J.-A. AU - Bethkenhagen, Mandy AU - Ninet, S. AU - French, M. AU - Benuzzi-Mounaix, A. AU - Datchi, F. AU - Guarguaglini, M. AU - Lefevre, F. AU - Occelli, F. AU - Redmer, R. AU - Vinci, T. AU - Ravasio, A. ID - 13118 JF - Nature Physics SN - 1745-2473 TI - Melting curve of superionic ammonia at planetary interior conditions VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A density wave (DW) is a fundamental type of long-range order in quantum matter tied to self-organization into a crystalline structure. The interplay of DW order with superfluidity can lead to complex scenarios that pose a great challenge to theoretical analysis. In the past decades, tunable quantum Fermi gases have served as model systems for exploring the physics of strongly interacting fermions, including most notably magnetic ordering1, pairing and superfluidity2, and the crossover from a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superfluid to a Bose–Einstein condensate3. Here, we realize a Fermi gas featuring both strong, tunable contact interactions and photon-mediated, spatially structured long-range interactions in a transversely driven high-finesse optical cavity. Above a critical long-range interaction strength, DW order is stabilized in the system, which we identify via its superradiant light-scattering properties. We quantitatively measure the variation of the onset of DW order as the contact interaction is varied across the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superfluid and Bose–Einstein condensate crossover, in qualitative agreement with a mean-field theory. The atomic DW susceptibility varies over an order of magnitude upon tuning the strength and the sign of the long-range interactions below the self-ordering threshold, demonstrating independent and simultaneous control over the contact and long-range interactions. Therefore, our experimental setup provides a fully tunable and microscopically controllable platform for the experimental study of the interplay of superfluidity and DW order. AU - Helson, Victor AU - Zwettler, Timo AU - Mivehvar, Farokh AU - Colella, Elvia AU - Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert AU - Konishi, Hideki AU - Ritsch, Helmut AU - Brantut, Jean Philippe ID - 13119 JF - Nature SN - 0028-0836 TI - Density-wave ordering in a unitary Fermi gas with photon-mediated interactions VL - 618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper establishes new connections between many-body quantum systems, One-body Reduced Density Matrices Functional Theory (1RDMFT) and Optimal Transport (OT), by interpreting the problem of computing the ground-state energy of a finite-dimensional composite quantum system at positive temperature as a non-commutative entropy regularized Optimal Transport problem. We develop a new approach to fully characterize the dual-primal solutions in such non-commutative setting. The mathematical formalism is particularly relevant in quantum chemistry: numerical realizations of the many-electron ground-state energy can be computed via a non-commutative version of Sinkhorn algorithm. Our approach allows to prove convergence and robustness of this algorithm, which, to our best knowledge, were unknown even in the two marginal case. Our methods are based on a priori estimates in the dual problem, which we believe to be of independent interest. Finally, the above results are extended in 1RDMFT setting, where bosonic or fermionic symmetry conditions are enforced on the problem. AU - Feliciangeli, Dario AU - Gerolin, Augusto AU - Portinale, Lorenzo ID - 12911 IS - 4 JF - Journal of Functional Analysis SN - 0022-1236 TI - A non-commutative entropic optimal transport approach to quantum composite systems at positive temperature VL - 285 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this note we study the eigenvalue growth of infinite graphs with discrete spectrum. We assume that the corresponding Dirichlet forms satisfy certain Sobolev-type inequalities and that the total measure is finite. In this sense, the associated operators on these graphs display similarities to elliptic operators on bounded domains in the continuum. Specifically, we prove lower bounds on the eigenvalue growth and show by examples that corresponding upper bounds cannot be established. AU - Hua, Bobo AU - Keller, Matthias AU - Schwarz, Michael AU - Wirth, Melchior ID - 13177 IS - 8 JF - Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society SN - 0002-9939 TI - Sobolev-type inequalities and eigenvalue growth on graphs with finite measure VL - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - n the dynamic minimum set cover problem, the challenge is to minimize the update time while guaranteeing a close-to-optimal min{O(log n), f} approximation factor. (Throughout, n, m, f , and C are parameters denoting the maximum number of elements, the number of sets, the frequency, and the cost range.) In the high-frequency range, when f = Ω(log n) , this was achieved by a deterministic O(log n) -approximation algorithm with O(f log n) amortized update time by Gupta et al. [Online and dynamic algorithms for set cover, in Proceedings STOC 2017, ACM, pp. 537–550]. In this paper we consider the low-frequency range, when f = O(log n) , and obtain deterministic algorithms with a (1 + ∈)f -approximation ratio and the following guarantees on the update time. (1) O ((f/∈)-log(Cn)) amortized update time: Prior to our work, the best approximation ratio guaranteed by deterministic algorithms was O(f2) of Bhattacharya, Henzinger, and Italiano [Design of dynamic algorithms via primal-dual method, in Proceedings ICALP 2015, Springer, pp. 206–218]. In contrast, the only result with O(f) -approximation was that of Abboud et al. [Dynamic set cover: Improved algorithms and lower bounds, in Proceedings STOC 2019, ACM, pp. 114–125], who designed a randomized (1+∈)f -approximation algorithm with amortized update time. (2) O(f2/∈3 + (f/∈2).logC) amortized update time: This result improves the above update time bound for most values of f in the low-frequency range, i.e., f=o(log n) . It is also the first result that is independent of m and n. It subsumes the constant amortized update time of Bhattacharya and Kulkarni [Deterministically maintaining a (2 + ∈) -approximate minimum vertex cover in O(1/∈2) amortized update time, in Proceedings SODA 2019, SIAM, pp. 1872–1885] for unweighted dynamic vertex cover (i.e., when f = 2 and C = 1). (3) O((f/∈3).log2(Cn)) worst-case update time: No nontrivial worst-case update time was previously known for the dynamic set cover problem. Our bound subsumes and improves by a logarithmic factor the O(log3n/poly (∈)) worst-case update time for the unweighted dynamic vertex cover problem (i.e., when f = 2 and C =1) of Bhattacharya, Henzinger, and Nanongkai [Fully dynamic approximate maximum matching and minimum vertex cover in O(log3)n worst case update time, in Proceedings SODA 2017, SIAM, pp. 470–489]. We achieve our results via the primal-dual approach, by maintaining a fractional packing solution as a dual certificate. Prior work in dynamic algorithms that employs the primal-dual approach uses a local update scheme that maintains relaxed complementary slackness conditions for every set. For our first result we use instead a global update scheme that does not always maintain complementary slackness conditions. For our second result we combine the global and the local update schema. To achieve our third result we use a hierarchy of background schedulers. It is an interesting open question whether this background scheduler technique can also be used to transform algorithms with amortized running time bounds into algorithms with worst-case running time bounds. AU - Bhattacharya, Sayan AU - Henzinger, Monika H AU - Nanongkai, Danupon AU - Wu, Xiaowei ID - 14558 IS - 5 JF - SIAM Journal on Computing SN - 0097-5397 TI - Deterministic near-optimal approximation algorithms for dynamic set cover VL - 52 ER - TY - CONF AB - We consider the problem of learning control policies in discrete-time stochastic systems which guarantee that the system stabilizes within some specified stabilization region with probability 1. Our approach is based on the novel notion of stabilizing ranking supermartingales (sRSMs) that we introduce in this work. Our sRSMs overcome the limitation of methods proposed in previous works whose applicability is restricted to systems in which the stabilizing region cannot be left once entered under any control policy. We present a learning procedure that learns a control policy together with an sRSM that formally certifies probability 1 stability, both learned as neural networks. We show that this procedure can also be adapted to formally verifying that, under a given Lipschitz continuous control policy, the stochastic system stabilizes within some stabilizing region with probability 1. Our experimental evaluation shows that our learning procedure can successfully learn provably stabilizing policies in practice. AU - Ansaripour, Matin AU - Chatterjee, Krishnendu AU - Henzinger, Thomas A AU - Lechner, Mathias AU - Zikelic, Dorde ID - 14559 SN - 0302-9743 T2 - 21st International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis TI - Learning provably stabilizing neural controllers for discrete-time stochastic systems VL - 14215 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Regularised Inertial Dean–Kawasaki model (RIDK) – introduced by the authors and J. Zimmer in earlier works – is a nonlinear stochastic PDE capturing fluctuations around the meanfield limit for large-scale particle systems in both particle density and momentum density. We focus on the following two aspects. Firstly, we set up a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretisation scheme for the RIDK model: we provide suitable definitions of numerical fluxes at the interface of the mesh elements which are consistent with the wave-type nature of the RIDK model and grant stability of the simulations, and we quantify the rate of convergence in mean square to the continuous RIDK model. Secondly, we introduce modifications of the RIDK model in order to preserve positivity of the density (such a feature only holds in a “high-probability sense” for the original RIDK model). By means of numerical simulations, we show that the modifications lead to physically realistic and positive density profiles. In one case, subject to additional regularity constraints, we also prove positivity. Finally, we present an application of our methodology to a system of diffusing and reacting particles. Our Python code is available in open-source format. AU - Cornalba, Federico AU - Shardlow, Tony ID - 14554 IS - 5 JF - ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis SN - 2822-7840 TI - The regularised inertial Dean' Kawasaki equation: Discontinuous Galerkin approximation and modelling for low-density regime VL - 57 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Inversions are structural mutations that reverse the sequence of a chromosome segment and reduce the effective rate of recombination in the heterozygous state. They play a major role in adaptation, as well as in other evolutionary processes such as speciation. Although inversions have been studied since the 1920s, they remain difficult to investigate because the reduced recombination conferred by them strengthens the effects of drift and hitchhiking, which in turn can obscure signatures of selection. Nonetheless, numerous inversions have been found to be under selection. Given recent advances in population genetic theory and empirical study, here we review how different mechanisms of selection affect the evolution of inversions. A key difference between inversions and other mutations, such as single nucleotide variants, is that the fitness of an inversion may be affected by a larger number of frequently interacting processes. This considerably complicates the analysis of the causes underlying the evolution of inversions. We discuss the extent to which these mechanisms can be disentangled, and by which approach. AU - Berdan, Emma L. AU - Barton, Nicholas H AU - Butlin, Roger AU - Charlesworth, Brian AU - Faria, Rui AU - Fragata, Inês AU - Gilbert, Kimberly J. AU - Jay, Paul AU - Kapun, Martin AU - Lotterhos, Katie E. AU - Mérot, Claire AU - Durmaz Mitchell, Esra AU - Pascual, Marta AU - Peichel, Catherine L. AU - Rafajlović, Marina AU - Westram, Anja M AU - Schaeffer, Stephen W. AU - Johannesson, Kerstin AU - Flatt, Thomas ID - 14556 JF - Journal of Evolutionary Biology SN - 1010-061X TI - How chromosomal inversions reorient the evolutionary process ER - TY - JOUR AB - The intricate regulatory processes behind actin polymerization play a crucial role in cellular biology, including essential mechanisms such as cell migration or cell division. However, the self-organizing principles governing actin polymerization are still poorly understood. In this perspective article, we compare the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a classic and well understood chemical oscillator known for its self-organizing spatiotemporal dynamics, with the excitable dynamics of polymerizing actin. While the BZ reaction originates from the domain of inorganic chemistry, it shares remarkable similarities with actin polymerization, including the characteristic propagating waves, which are influenced by geometry and external fields, and the emergent collective behavior. Starting with a general description of emerging patterns, we elaborate on single droplets or cell-level dynamics, the influence of geometric confinements and conclude with collective interactions. Comparing these two systems sheds light on the universal nature of self-organization principles in both living and inanimate systems. AU - Riedl, Michael AU - Sixt, Michael K ID - 14555 JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology TI - The excitable nature of polymerizing actin and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) is ubiquitously expressed, plays a role in the acylation of lipids and proteins, and regulates the N-myristoylation of proteins via N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs). However, its precise function in cells is still unclear, as is the consequence of ACBD6 defects on human pathophysiology. Utilizing exome sequencing and extensive international data sharing efforts, we identified 45 affected individuals from 28 unrelated families (consanguinity 93%) with bi-allelic pathogenic, predominantly loss-of-function (18/20) variants in ACBD6. We generated zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis acbd6 knockouts by CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the role of ACBD6 on protein N-myristoylation with YnMyr chemical proteomics in the model organisms and human cells, with the latter also being subjected further to ACBD6 peroxisomal localization studies. The affected individuals (23 males and 22 females), with ages ranging from 1 to 50 years old, typically present with a complex and progressive disease involving moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) with significant expressive language impairment (98%), movement disorders (97%), facial dysmorphism (95%), and mild cerebellar ataxia (85%) associated with gait impairment (94%), limb spasticity/hypertonia (76%), oculomotor (71%) and behavioural abnormalities (65%), overweight (59%), microcephaly (39%) and epilepsy (33%). The most conspicuous and common movement disorder was dystonia (94%), frequently leading to early-onset progressive postural deformities (97%), limb dystonia (55%), and cervical dystonia (31%). A jerky tremor in the upper limbs (63%), a mild head tremor (59%), parkinsonism/hypokinesia developing with advancing age (32%), and simple motor and vocal tics were among other frequent movement disorders. Midline brain malformations including corpus callosum abnormalities (70%), hypoplasia/agenesis of the anterior commissure (66%), short midbrain and small inferior cerebellar vermis (38% each), as well as hypertrophy of the clava (24%) were common neuroimaging findings. acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus models effectively recapitulated many clinical phenotypes reported in patients including movement disorders, progressive neuromotor impairment, seizures, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, and midbrain defects accompanied by developmental delay with increased mortality over time. Unlike ACBD5, ACBD6 did not show a peroxisomal localisation and ACBD6-deficiency was not associated with altered peroxisomal parameters in patient fibroblasts. Significant differences in YnMyr-labelling were observed for 68 co- and 18 post-translationally N-myristoylated proteins in patient-derived fibroblasts. N-Myristoylation was similarly affected in acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis models, including Fus, Marcks, and Chchd-related proteins implicated in neurological diseases. The present study provides evidence that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ACBD6 lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome accompanied by complex and progressive cognitive and movement disorders. AU - Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan AU - Rad, Aboulfazl AU - Lin, Sheng-Jia AU - Bertoli-Avella, Aida AU - Kallemeijn, Wouter W AU - Godwin, Annie AU - Zaki, Maha S AU - Huang, Kevin AU - Lau, Tracy AU - Petree, Cassidy AU - Efthymiou, Stephanie AU - Ghayoor Karimiani, Ehsan AU - Hempel, Maja AU - Normand, Elizabeth A AU - Rudnik-Schöneborn, Sabine AU - Schatz, Ulrich A AU - Baggelaar, Marc P AU - Ilyas, Muhammad AU - Sultan, Tipu AU - Alvi, Javeria Raza AU - Ganieva, Manizha AU - Fowler, Ben AU - Aanicai, Ruxandra AU - Akay Tayfun, Gulsen AU - Al Saman, Abdulaziz AU - Alswaid, Abdulrahman AU - Amiri, Nafise AU - Asilova, Nilufar AU - Shotelersuk, Vorasuk AU - Yeetong, Patra AU - Azam, Matloob AU - Babaei, Meisam AU - Bahrami Monajemi, Gholamreza AU - Mohammadi, Pouria AU - Samie, Saeed AU - Banu, Selina Husna AU - Basto, Jorge Pinto AU - Kortüm, Fanny AU - Bauer, Mislen AU - Bauer, Peter AU - Beetz, Christian AU - Garshasbi, Masoud AU - Hameed Issa, Awatif AU - Eyaid, Wafaa AU - Ahmed, Hind AU - Hashemi, Narges AU - Hassanpour, Kazem AU - Herman, Isabella AU - Ibrohimov, Sherozjon AU - Abdul-Majeed, Ban A AU - Imdad, Maria AU - Isrofilov, Maksudjon AU - Kaiyal, Qassem AU - Khan, Suliman AU - Kirmse, Brian AU - Koster, Janet AU - Lourenço, Charles Marques AU - Mitani, Tadahiro AU - Moldovan, Oana AU - Murphy, David AU - Najafi, Maryam AU - Pehlivan, Davut AU - Rocha, Maria Eugenia AU - Salpietro, Vincenzo AU - Schmidts, Miriam AU - Shalata, Adel AU - Mahroum, Mohammad AU - Talbeya, Jawabreh Kassem AU - Taylor, Robert W AU - Vazquez, Dayana AU - Vetro, Annalisa AU - Waterham, Hans R AU - Zaman, Mashaya AU - Schrader, Tina A AU - Chung, Wendy K AU - Guerrini, Renzo AU - Lupski, James R AU - Gleeson, Joseph AU - Suri, Mohnish AU - Jamshidi, Yalda AU - Bhatia, Kailash P AU - Vona, Barbara AU - Schrader, Michael AU - Severino, Mariasavina AU - Guille, Matthew AU - Tate, Edward W AU - Varshney, Gaurav K AU - Houlden, Henry AU - Maroofian, Reza ID - 14543 JF - Brain KW - Neurology (clinical) SN - 0006-8950 TI - Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders ER - TY - JOUR AB - It is a remarkable property of BCS theory that the ratio of the energy gap at zero temperature Ξ and the critical temperature Tc is (approximately) given by a universal constant, independent of the microscopic details of the fermionic interaction. This universality has rigorously been proven quite recently in three spatial dimensions and three different limiting regimes: weak coupling, low density and high density. The goal of this short note is to extend the universal behavior to lower dimensions d=1,2 and give an exemplary proof in the weak coupling limit. AU - Henheik, Sven Joscha AU - Lauritsen, Asbjørn Bækgaard AU - Roos, Barbara ID - 14542 JF - Reviews in Mathematical Physics SN - 0129-055X TI - Universality in low-dimensional BCS theory ER - TY - JOUR AB - Quantum state tomography is an essential component of modern quantum technology. In application to continuous-variable harmonic-oscillator systems, such as the electromagnetic field, existing tomography methods typically reconstruct the state in discrete bases, and are hence limited to states with relatively low amplitudes and energies. Here, we overcome this limitation by utilizing a feed-forward neural network to obtain the density matrix directly in the continuous position basis. An important benefit of our approach is the ability to choose specific regions in the phase space for detailed reconstruction. This results in a relatively slow scaling of the amount of resources required for the reconstruction with the state amplitude, and hence allows us to dramatically increase the range of amplitudes accessible with our method. AU - Fedotova, Ekaterina AU - Kuznetsov, Nikolai AU - Tiunov, Egor AU - Ulanov, A. E. AU - Lvovsky, A. I. ID - 14553 IS - 4 JF - Physical Review A SN - 2469-9926 TI - Continuous-variable quantum tomography of high-amplitude states VL - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Motivated by a problem posed in [10], we investigate the closure operators of the category SLatt of join semilattices and its subcategory SLattO of join semilattices with bottom element. In particular, we show that there are only finitely many closure operators of both categories, and provide a complete classification. We use this result to deduce the known fact that epimorphisms of SLatt and SLattO are surjective. We complement the paper with two different proofs of this result using either generators or Isbell’s zigzag theorem. AU - Dikranjan, D. AU - Giordano Bruno, A. AU - Zava, Nicolò ID - 14557 IS - S1 JF - Quaestiones Mathematicae SN - 1607-3606 TI - Epimorphisms and closure operators of categories of semilattices VL - 46 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth. AU - Robinson, M. L. AU - Hahn, P. G. AU - Inouye, B. D. AU - Underwood, N. AU - Whitehead, S. R. AU - Abbott, K. C. AU - Bruna, E. M. AU - Cacho, N. I. AU - Dyer, L. A. AU - Abdala-Roberts, L. AU - Allen, W. J. AU - Andrade, J. F. AU - Angulo, D. F. AU - Anjos, D. AU - Anstett, D. N. AU - Bagchi, R. AU - Bagchi, S. AU - Barbosa, M. AU - Barrett, S. AU - Baskett, Carina AU - Ben-Simchon, E. AU - Bloodworth, K. J. AU - Bronstein, J. L. AU - Buckley, Y. M. AU - Burghardt, K. T. AU - Bustos-Segura, C. AU - Calixto, E. S. AU - Carvalho, R. L. AU - Castagneyrol, B. AU - Chiuffo, M. C. AU - Cinoğlu, D. AU - Cinto Mejía, E. AU - Cock, M. C. AU - Cogni, R. AU - Cope, O. L. AU - Cornelissen, T. AU - Cortez, D. R. AU - Crowder, D. W. AU - Dallstream, C. AU - Dáttilo, W. AU - Davis, J. K. AU - Dimarco, R. D. AU - Dole, H. E. AU - Egbon, I. N. AU - Eisenring, M. AU - Ejomah, A. AU - Elderd, B. D. AU - Endara, M. J. AU - Eubanks, M. D. AU - Everingham, S. E. AU - Farah, K. N. AU - Farias, R. P. AU - Fernandes, A. P. AU - Fernandes, G. W. AU - Ferrante, M. AU - Finn, A. AU - Florjancic, G. A. AU - Forister, M. L. AU - Fox, Q. N. AU - Frago, E. AU - França, F. M. AU - Getman-Pickering, A. S. AU - Getman-Pickering, Z. AU - Gianoli, E. AU - Gooden, B. AU - Gossner, M. M. AU - Greig, K. A. AU - Gripenberg, S. AU - Groenteman, R. AU - Grof-Tisza, P. AU - Haack, N. AU - Hahn, L. AU - Haq, S. M. AU - Helms, A. M. AU - Hennecke, J. AU - Hermann, S. L. AU - Holeski, L. M. AU - Holm, S. AU - Hutchinson, M. C. AU - Jackson, E. E. AU - Kagiya, S. AU - Kalske, A. AU - Kalwajtys, M. AU - Karban, R. AU - Kariyat, R. AU - Keasar, T. AU - Kersch-Becker, M. F. AU - Kharouba, H. M. AU - Kim, T. N. AU - Kimuyu, D. M. AU - Kluse, J. AU - Koerner, S. E. AU - Komatsu, K. J. AU - Krishnan, S. AU - Laihonen, M. AU - Lamelas-López, L. AU - Lascaleia, M. C. AU - Lecomte, N. AU - Lehn, C. R. AU - Li, X. AU - Lindroth, R. L. AU - Lopresti, E. F. AU - Losada, M. AU - Louthan, A. M. AU - Luizzi, V. J. AU - Lynch, S. C. AU - Lynn, J. S. AU - Lyon, N. J. AU - Maia, L. F. AU - Maia, R. A. AU - Mannall, T. L. AU - Martin, B. S. AU - Massad, T. J. AU - Mccall, A. C. AU - Mcgurrin, K. AU - Merwin, A. C. AU - Mijango-Ramos, Z. AU - Mills, C. H. AU - Moles, A. T. AU - Moore, C. M. AU - Moreira, X. AU - Morrison, C. R. AU - Moshobane, M. C. AU - Muola, A. AU - Nakadai, R. AU - Nakajima, K. AU - Novais, S. AU - Ogbebor, C. O. AU - Ohsaki, H. AU - Pan, V. S. AU - Pardikes, N. A. AU - Pareja, M. AU - Parthasarathy, N. AU - Pawar, R. R. AU - Paynter, Q. AU - Pearse, I. S. AU - Penczykowski, R. M. AU - Pepi, A. A. AU - Pereira, C. C. AU - Phartyal, S. S. AU - Piper, F. I. AU - Poveda, K. AU - Pringle, E. G. AU - Puy, J. AU - Quijano, T. AU - Quintero, C. AU - Rasmann, S. AU - Rosche, C. AU - Rosenheim, L. Y. AU - Rosenheim, J. A. AU - Runyon, J. B. AU - Sadeh, A. AU - Sakata, Y. AU - Salcido, D. M. AU - Salgado-Luarte, C. AU - Santos, B. A. AU - Sapir, Y. AU - Sasal, Y. AU - Sato, Y. AU - Sawant, M. AU - Schroeder, H. AU - Schumann, I. AU - Segoli, M. AU - Segre, H. AU - Shelef, O. AU - Shinohara, N. AU - Singh, R. P. AU - Smith, D. S. AU - Sobral, M. AU - Stotz, G. C. AU - Tack, A. J.M. AU - Tayal, M. AU - Tooker, J. F. AU - Torrico-Bazoberry, D. AU - Tougeron, K. AU - Trowbridge, A. M. AU - Utsumi, S. AU - Uyi, O. AU - Vaca-Uribe, J. L. AU - Valtonen, A. AU - Van Dijk, L. J.A. AU - Vandvik, V. AU - Villellas, J. AU - Waller, L. P. AU - Weber, M. G. AU - Yamawo, A. AU - Yim, S. AU - Zarnetske, P. L. AU - Zehr, L. N. AU - Zhong, Z. AU - Wetzel, W. C. ID - 14552 IS - 6671 JF - Science TI - Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory VL - 382 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methylation of CG dinucleotides (mCGs), which regulates eukaryotic genome functions, is epigenetically propagated by Dnmt1/MET1 methyltransferases. How mCG is established and transmitted across generations despite imperfect enzyme fidelity is unclear. Whether mCG variation in natural populations is governed by genetic or epigenetic inheritance also remains mysterious. Here, we show that MET1 de novo activity, which is enhanced by existing proximate methylation, seeds and stabilizes mCG in Arabidopsis thaliana genes. MET1 activity is restricted by active demethylation and suppressed by histone variant H2A.Z, producing localized mCG patterns. Based on these observations, we develop a stochastic mathematical model that precisely recapitulates mCG inheritance dynamics and predicts intragenic mCG patterns and their population-scale variation given only CG site spacing. Our results demonstrate that intragenic mCG establishment, inheritance, and variance constitute a unified epigenetic process, revealing that intragenic mCG undergoes large, millennia-long epigenetic fluctuations and can therefore mediate evolution on this timescale. AU - Briffa, Amy AU - Hollwey, Elizabeth AU - Shahzad, Zaigham AU - Moore, Jonathan D. AU - Lyons, David B. AU - Howard, Martin AU - Zilberman, Daniel ID - 14551 IS - 11 JF - Cell Systems SN - 2405-4712 TI - Millennia-long epigenetic fluctuations generate intragenic DNA methylation variance in Arabidopsis populations VL - 14 ER -