TY - JOUR
AB - Modern scientific instruments produce vast amounts of data, which can overwhelm the processing ability of computer systems. Lossy compression of data is an intriguing solution, but comes with its own drawbacks, such as potential signal loss, and the need for careful optimization of the compression ratio. In this work, we focus on a setting where this problem is especially acute: compressive sensing frameworks for interferometry and medical imaging. We ask the following question: can the precision of the data representation be lowered for all inputs, with recovery guarantees and practical performance Our first contribution is a theoretical analysis of the normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT) algorithm when all input data, meaning both the measurement matrix and the observation vector are quantized aggressively. We present a variant of low precision normalized IHT that, under mild conditions, can still provide recovery guarantees. The second contribution is the application of our quantization framework to radio astronomy and magnetic resonance imaging. We show that lowering the precision of the data can significantly accelerate image recovery. We evaluate our approach on telescope data and samples of brain images using CPU and FPGA implementations achieving up to a 9x speedup with negligible loss of recovery quality.
AU - Gurel, Nezihe Merve
AU - Kara, Kaan
AU - Stojanov, Alen
AU - Smith, Tyler
AU - Lemmin, Thomas
AU - Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
AU - Puschel, Markus
AU - Zhang, Ce
ID - 8268
JF - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
SN - 1053587X
TI - Compressive sensing using iterative hard thresholding with low precision data representation: Theory and applications
VL - 68
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - He, Peng
AU - Zhang, Yuzhou
AU - Xiao, Guanghui
ID - 8271
IS - 9
JF - Molecular Plant
SN - 16742052
TI - Origin of a subgenome and genome evolution of allotetraploid cotton species
VL - 13
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature.
AU - Grosjean, Galien M
AU - Wald, Sebastian
AU - Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A
AU - Waitukaitis, Scott R
ID - 8101
IS - 8
JF - Physical Review Materials
KW - electric charge
KW - tribocharging
KW - soft matter
KW - granular materials
KW - polymers
SN - 2475-9953
TI - Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging
VL - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Let 𝐹:ℤ2→ℤ be the pointwise minimum of several linear functions. The theory of smoothing allows us to prove that under certain conditions there exists the pointwise minimal function among all integer-valued superharmonic functions coinciding with F “at infinity”. We develop such a theory to prove existence of so-called solitons (or strings) in a sandpile model, studied by S. Caracciolo, G. Paoletti, and A. Sportiello. Thus we made a step towards understanding the phenomena of the identity in the sandpile group for planar domains where solitons appear according to experiments. We prove that sandpile states, defined using our smoothing procedure, move changeless when we apply the wave operator (that is why we call them solitons), and can interact, forming triads and nodes.
AU - Kalinin, Nikita
AU - Shkolnikov, Mikhail
ID - 8325
IS - 9
JF - Communications in Mathematical Physics
SN - 00103616
TI - Sandpile solitons via smoothing of superharmonic functions
VL - 378
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Complex I is the first and the largest enzyme of respiratory chains in bacteria and mitochondria. The mechanism which couples spatially separated transfer of electrons to proton translocation in complex I is not known. Here we report five crystal structures of T. thermophilus enzyme in complex with NADH or quinone-like compounds. We also determined cryo-EM structures of major and minor native states of the complex, differing in the position of the peripheral arm. Crystal structures show that binding of quinone-like compounds (but not of NADH) leads to a related global conformational change, accompanied by local re-arrangements propagating from the quinone site to the nearest proton channel. Normal mode and molecular dynamics analyses indicate that these are likely to represent the first steps in the proton translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that quinone binding and chemistry play a key role in the coupling mechanism of complex I.
AU - Gutierrez-Fernandez, Javier
AU - Kaszuba, Karol
AU - Minhas, Gurdeep S.
AU - Baradaran, Rozbeh
AU - Tambalo, Margherita
AU - Gallagher, David T.
AU - Sazanov, Leonid A
ID - 8318
IS - 1
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Key role of quinone in the mechanism of respiratory complex I
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The genetic code is considered to use five nucleic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil), which form two pairs for encoding information in DNA and two pairs for encoding information in RNA. Nevertheless, in recent years several artificial base pairs have been developed in attempts to expand the genetic code. Employment of these additional base pairs increases the information capacity and variety of DNA sequences, and provides a platform for the site-specific, enzymatic incorporation of extra functional components into DNA and RNA. As a result, of the development of such expanded systems, many artificial base pairs have been synthesized and tested under various conditions. Following many stages of enhancement, unnatural base pairs have been modified to eliminate their weak points, qualifying them for specific research needs. Moreover, the first attempts to create a semi-synthetic organism containing DNA with unnatural base pairs seem to have been successful. This further extends the possible applications of these kinds of pairs. Herein, we describe the most significant qualities of unnatural base pairs and their actual applications.
AU - Mukba, S. A.
AU - Vlasov, Petr
AU - Kolosov, P. M.
AU - Shuvalova, E. Y.
AU - Egorova, T. V.
AU - Alkalaeva, E. Z.
ID - 8320
IS - 4
JF - Molecular Biology
SN - 00268933
TI - Expanding the genetic code: Unnatural base pairs in biological systems
VL - 54
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The genetic code is considered to use five nucleic bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil), which form two pairs for encoding information in DNA and two pairs for encoding information in RNA. Nevertheless, in recent years several artificial base pairs have been developed in attempts to expand the genetic code. Employment of these additional base pairs increases the information capacity and variety of DNA sequences, and provides a platform for the site-specific, enzymatic incorporation of extra functional components into DNA and RNA. As a result, of the development of such expanded systems, many artificial base pairs have been synthesized and tested under various conditions. Following many stages of enhancement, unnatural base pairs have been modified to eliminate their weak points, qualifying them for specific research needs. Moreover, the first attempts to create a semi-synthetic organism containing DNA with unnatural base pairs seem to have been successful. This further extends the possible applications of these kinds of pairs. Herein, we describe the most significant qualities of unnatural base pairs and their actual applications.
AU - Mukba, S. A.
AU - Vlasov, Petr
AU - Kolosov, P. M.
AU - Shuvalova, E. Y.
AU - Egorova, T. V.
AU - Alkalaeva, E. Z.
ID - 8321
IS - 4
JF - Molekuliarnaia biologiia
SN - 00268984
TI - Expanding the genetic code: Unnatural base pairs in biological systems
VL - 54
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Pach, János
ID - 8323
JF - Discrete and Computational Geometry
SN - 01795376
TI - A farewell to Ricky Pollack
VL - 64
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Plant hormone cytokinins are perceived by a subfamily of sensor histidine kinases (HKs), which via a two-component phosphorelay cascade activate transcriptional responses in the nucleus. Subcellular localization of the receptors proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane as a principal cytokinin perception site, while study of cytokinin transport pointed to the plasma membrane (PM)-mediated cytokinin signalling. Here, by detailed monitoring of subcellular localizations of the fluorescently labelled natural cytokinin probe and the receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/AHK4) fused to GFP reporter, we show that pools of the ER-located cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway and reach the PM in cells of the root apical meristem, and the cell plate of dividing meristematic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) experiments revealed vesicular recycling of the receptor and its accumulation in BFA compartments. We provide a revised view on cytokinin signalling and the possibility of multiple sites of perception at PM and ER.
AU - Kubiasova, Karolina
AU - Montesinos López, Juan C
AU - Šamajová, Olga
AU - Nisler, Jaroslav
AU - Mik, Václav
AU - Semeradova, Hana
AU - Plíhalová, Lucie
AU - Novák, Ondřej
AU - Marhavý, Peter
AU - Cavallari, Nicola
AU - Zalabák, David
AU - Berka, Karel
AU - Doležal, Karel
AU - Galuszka, Petr
AU - Šamaj, Jozef
AU - Strnad, Miroslav
AU - Benková, Eva
AU - Plíhal, Ondřej
AU - Spíchal, Lukáš
ID - 8336
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Cytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Cytokinins are mobile multifunctional plant hormones with roles in development and stress resilience. Although their Histidine Kinase receptors are substantially localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, cellular sites of cytokinin perception and importance of spatially heterogeneous cytokinin distribution continue to be debated. Here we show that cytokinin perception by plasma membrane receptors is an effective additional path for cytokinin response. Readout from a Two Component Signalling cytokinin-specific reporter (TCSn::GFP) closely matches intracellular cytokinin content in roots, yet we also find cytokinins in extracellular fluid, potentially enabling action at the cell surface. Cytokinins covalently linked to beads that could not pass the plasma membrane increased expression of both TCSn::GFP and Cytokinin Response Factors. Super-resolution microscopy of GFP-labelled receptors and diminished TCSn::GFP response to immobilised cytokinins in cytokinin receptor mutants, further indicate that receptors can function at the cell surface. We argue that dual intracellular and surface locations may augment flexibility of cytokinin responses.
AU - Antoniadi, Ioanna
AU - Novák, Ondřej
AU - Gelová, Zuzana
AU - Johnson, Alexander J
AU - Plíhal, Ondřej
AU - Simerský, Radim
AU - Mik, Václav
AU - Vain, Thomas
AU - Mateo-Bonmatí, Eduardo
AU - Karady, Michal
AU - Pernisová, Markéta
AU - Plačková, Lenka
AU - Opassathian, Korawit
AU - Hejátko, Jan
AU - Robert, Stéphanie
AU - Friml, Jiří
AU - Doležal, Karel
AU - Ljung, Karin
AU - Turnbull, Colin
ID - 8337
JF - Nature Communications
TI - Cell-surface receptors enable perception of extracellular cytokinins
VL - 11
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the
mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
AU - Varzi, Alberto
AU - Thanner, Katharina
AU - Scipioni, Roberto
AU - Di Lecce, Daniele
AU - Hassoun, Jusef
AU - Dörfler, Susanne
AU - Altheus, Holger
AU - Kaskel, Stefan
AU - Prehal, Christian
AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
ID - 8067
KW - Battery
KW - Lithium metal
KW - Lithium-sulphur
KW - Lithium-air
KW - All-solid-state
SN - 2664-1690
TI - Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.
AU - Varzi, Alberto
AU - Thanner, Katharina
AU - Scipioni, Roberto
AU - Di Lecce, Daniele
AU - Hassoun, Jusef
AU - Dörfler, Susanne
AU - Altheus, Holger
AU - Kaskel, Stefan
AU - Prehal, Christian
AU - Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
ID - 8361
IS - 12
JF - Journal of Power Sources
SN - 0378-7753
TI - Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries
VL - 480
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - The present review addresses the technical advances and the theoretical developments to realize and rationalize attosecond-science experiments that reveal a new dynamical time scale (10−15-10−18 s), with a particular emphasis on molecular systems and the implications of attosecond processes for chemical dynamics. After a brief outline of the theoretical framework for treating non-perturbative phenomena in Section 2, we introduce the physical mechanisms underlying high-harmonic generation and attosecond technology. The relevant technological developments and experimental schemes are covered in Section 3. Throughout the remainder of the chapter, we report on selected applications in molecular attosecond physics, thereby addressing specific phenomena mediated by purely electronic dynamics: charge localization in molecular hydrogen, charge migration in biorelevant molecules, high-harmonic spectroscopy, and delays in molecular photoionization.
AU - Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova
AU - Wörner, Hans Jakob
ID - 14028
TI - Attosecond molecular spectroscopy and dynamics
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.
AU - Arnold, Georg M
AU - Wulf, Matthias
AU - Barzanjeh, Shabir
AU - Redchenko, Elena
AU - Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
AU - Hease, William J
AU - Hassani, Farid
AU - Fink, Johannes M
ID - 8529
JF - Nature Communications
KW - General Biochemistry
KW - Genetics and Molecular Biology
KW - General Physics and Astronomy
KW - General Chemistry
SN - 2041-1723
TI - Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface
VL - 11
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - We propose a method to enhance the visual detail of a water surface simulation. Our method works as a post-processing step which takes a simulation as input and increases its apparent resolution by simulating many detailed Lagrangian water waves on top of it. We extend linear water wave theory to work in non-planar domains which deform over time, and we discretize the theory using Lagrangian wave packets attached to spline curves. The method is numerically stable and trivially parallelizable, and it produces high frequency ripples with dispersive wave-like behaviors customized to the underlying fluid simulation.
AU - Skrivan, Tomas
AU - Soderstrom, Andreas
AU - Johansson, John
AU - Sprenger, Christoph
AU - Museth, Ken
AU - Wojtan, Christopher J
ID - 8535
IS - 4
JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics
SN - 07300301
TI - Wave curves: Simulating Lagrangian water waves on dynamically deforming surfaces
VL - 39
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of KostantKumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.
AU - Su, C.
AU - Zhao, Gufang
AU - Zhong, C.
ID - 8539
IS - 3
JF - Annales Scientifiques de l'Ecole Normale Superieure
SN - 0012-9593
TI - On the K-theory stable bases of the springer resolution
VL - 53
ER -
TY - CHAP
AB - This chapter presents an overview of the state of the art in attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The theoretical foundations of strong-field light–matter interaction and attosecond pulse generation are described. The enabling laser technologies are reviewed from chirped-pulse amplification and carrier-envelope-phase stabilization to the generation and characterization of attosecond pulses. The applications of attosecond pulses and pulse trains in electron- or ion-imaging experiments are presented, followed by attosecond electron spectroscopy in larger molecules. After this, high-harmonic spectroscopy and its applications to probing charge migration on attosecond time scales is reviewed. The rapidly evolving field of molecular photoionization delays is discussed. Finally, the applications of attosecond transient absorption to probing molecular dynamics are presented.
AU - Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova
AU - Wörner, Hans Jakob
ED - Marquardt, Roberto
ED - Quack, Martin
ID - 14000
SN - 9780128172353
T2 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Quantum Dynamics
TI - Attosecond Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy
ER -
TY - GEN
AB - This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article "Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
AU - Arnold, Georg M
AU - Wulf, Matthias
AU - Barzanjeh, Shabir
AU - Redchenko, Elena
AU - Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
AU - Hease, William J
AU - Hassani, Farid
AU - Fink, Johannes M
ID - 13056
TI - Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.
AU - Andrei, Andreea
AU - Öztürk, Yavuz
AU - Khalfaoui-Hassani, Bahia
AU - Rauch, Juna
AU - Marckmann, Dorian
AU - Trasnea, Petru Iulian
AU - Daldal, Fevzi
AU - Koch, Hans-Georg
ID - 8579
IS - 9
JF - Membranes
TI - Cu homeostasis in bacteria: The ins and outs
VL - 10
ER -
TY - JOUR
AB - The majority of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) powering cellular processes in eukaryotes is produced by the mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase. Here, we present the atomic models of the membrane Fo domain and the entire mammalian (ovine) F1Fo, determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Subunits in the membrane domain are arranged in the ‘proton translocation cluster’ attached to the c-ring and a more distant ‘hook apparatus’ holding subunit e. Unexpectedly, this subunit is anchored to a lipid ‘plug’ capping the c-ring. We present a detailed proton translocation pathway in mammalian Fo and key inter-monomer contacts in F1Fo multimers. Cryo-EM maps of F1Fo exposed to calcium reveal a retracted subunit e and a disassembled c-ring, suggesting permeability transition pore opening. We propose a model for the permeability transition pore opening, whereby subunit e pulls the lipid plug out of the c-ring. Our structure will allow the design of drugs for many emerging applications in medicine.
AU - Pinke, Gergely
AU - Zhou, Long
AU - Sazanov, Leonid A
ID - 8581
IS - 11
JF - Nature Structural and Molecular Biology
SN - 15459993
TI - Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase
VL - 27
ER -