[{"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2012-96-v1+1_journal.pbio.1001300.pdf","creator":"system","file_size":674228,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"4689","relation":"main_file","checksum":"4ebacefd9fbab5c68adf829124115fd1","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:04Z","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:08:28Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","pubrep_id":"96","intvolume":" 10","title":"Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies","ddc":["570","579"],"status":"public","_id":"3242","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","issue":"4","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Due to the omnipresent risk of epidemics, insect societies have evolved sophisticated disease defences at the individual and colony level. An intriguing yet little understood phenomenon is that social contact to pathogen-exposed individuals reduces susceptibility of previously naive nestmates to this pathogen. We tested whether such social immunisation in Lasius ants against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is based on active upregulation of the immune system of nestmates following contact to an infectious individual or passive protection via transfer of immune effectors among group members—that is, active versus passive immunisation. We found no evidence for involvement of passive immunisation via transfer of antimicrobials among colony members. Instead, intensive allogrooming behaviour between naive and pathogen-exposed ants before fungal conidia firmly attached to their cuticle suggested passage of the pathogen from the exposed individuals to their nestmates. By tracing fluorescence-labelled conidia we indeed detected frequent pathogen transfer to the nestmates, where they caused low-level infections as revealed by growth of small numbers of fungal colony forming units from their dissected body content. These infections rarely led to death, but instead promoted an enhanced ability to inhibit fungal growth and an active upregulation of immune genes involved in antifungal defences (defensin and prophenoloxidase, PPO). Contrarily, there was no upregulation of the gene cathepsin L, which is associated with antibacterial and antiviral defences, and we found no increased antibacterial activity of nestmates of fungus-exposed ants. This indicates that social immunisation after fungal exposure is specific, similar to recent findings for individual-level immune priming in invertebrates. Epidemiological modeling further suggests that active social immunisation is adaptive, as it leads to faster elimination of the disease and lower death rates than passive immunisation. Interestingly, humans have also utilised the protective effect of low-level infections to fight smallpox by intentional transfer of low pathogen doses (“variolation” or “inoculation”)."}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2012-04-03T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Konrad M, Vyleta M, Theis F, et al. Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies. PLoS Biology. 2012;10(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001300","ista":"Konrad M, Vyleta M, Theis F, Stock M, Tragust S, Klatt M, Drescher V, Marr C, Ugelvig LV, Cremer S. 2012. Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies. PLoS Biology. 10(4), e1001300.","apa":"Konrad, M., Vyleta, M., Theis, F., Stock, M., Tragust, S., Klatt, M., … Cremer, S. (2012). Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies. PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001300","ieee":"M. Konrad et al., “Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies,” PLoS Biology, vol. 10, no. 4. Public Library of Science, 2012.","mla":"Konrad, Matthias, et al. “Social Transfer of Pathogenic Fungus Promotes Active Immunisation in Ant Colonies.” PLoS Biology, vol. 10, no. 4, e1001300, Public Library of Science, 2012, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001300.","short":"M. Konrad, M. Vyleta, F. Theis, M. Stock, S. Tragust, M. Klatt, V. Drescher, C. Marr, L.V. Ugelvig, S. Cremer, PLoS Biology 10 (2012).","chicago":"Konrad, Matthias, Meghan Vyleta, Fabian Theis, Miriam Stock, Simon Tragust, Martina Klatt, Verena Drescher, Carsten Marr, Line V Ugelvig, and Sylvia Cremer. “Social Transfer of Pathogenic Fungus Promotes Active Immunisation in Ant Colonies.” PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001300."},"publication":"PLoS Biology","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"03","scopus_import":1,"volume":10,"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:02:13Z","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:07:11Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9755","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Konrad, Matthias","id":"46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Konrad","first_name":"Matthias"},{"id":"418901AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Vyleta","first_name":"Meghan","full_name":"Vyleta, Meghan"},{"full_name":"Theis, Fabian","first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Theis"},{"full_name":"Stock, Miriam","id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Stock"},{"full_name":"Tragust, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Tragust","id":"35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Klatt, Martina","last_name":"Klatt","first_name":"Martina","id":"E60F29C6-E9AE-11E9-AF6E-D190C7302F38"},{"full_name":"Drescher, Verena","first_name":"Verena","last_name":"Drescher"},{"first_name":"Carsten","last_name":"Marr","full_name":"Marr, Carsten"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ugelvig","first_name":"Line V","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer"}],"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science","publication_status":"published","year":"2012","acknowledgement":"Funding for this project was obtained by the German Research Foundation DFG (http://www.dfg.de/en/index.jsp) as an Individual Research Grant (CR118/2-1 to SC) and the European Research Council (http://erc.europa.eu/) in form of two ERC Starting Grants (ERC-2009-StG240371-SocialVaccines to SC and ERC-2010-StG259294-LatentCauses to FJT). In addition, the Junge Akademie (Young Academy of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (http://www.diejungeakademie.de/english/index.html) funded this joint Antnet project of SC and FJT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","ec_funded":1,"publist_id":"3434","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:46:04Z","article_number":"e1001300","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.1001300","project":[{"_id":"25DAF0B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"CR-118/3-1","name":"Host-Parasite Coevolution"},{"grant_number":"243071","_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects"},{"_id":"25E0E184-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Antnet"}],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"month":"04"},{"author":[{"id":"46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Konrad","full_name":"Konrad, Matthias"},{"full_name":"Vyleta, Meghan","last_name":"Vyleta","first_name":"Meghan","id":"418901AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Theis, Fabian","last_name":"Theis","first_name":"Fabian"},{"last_name":"Stock","first_name":"Miriam","id":"42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Stock, Miriam"},{"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Klatt","id":"E60F29C6-E9AE-11E9-AF6E-D190C7302F38","full_name":"Klatt, Martina"},{"full_name":"Drescher, Verena","first_name":"Verena","last_name":"Drescher"},{"first_name":"Carsten","last_name":"Marr","full_name":"Marr, Carsten"},{"last_name":"Ugelvig","first_name":"Line V","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"3242","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"date_updated":"2023-02-23T11:18:41Z","date_created":"2021-07-30T08:39:13Z","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"9755","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","year":"2012","title":"Data from: Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies","status":"public","publisher":"Dryad","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Due to the omnipresent risk of epidemics, insect societies have evolved sophisticated disease defences at the individual and colony level. An intriguing yet little understood phenomenon is that social contact to pathogen-exposed individuals reduces susceptibility of previously naive nestmates to this pathogen. We tested whether such social immunisation in Lasius ants against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is based on active upregulation of the immune system of nestmates following contact to an infectious individual or passive protection via transfer of immune effectors among group members—that is, active versus passive immunisation. We found no evidence for involvement of passive immunisation via transfer of antimicrobials among colony members. Instead, intensive allogrooming behaviour between naive and pathogen-exposed ants before fungal conidia firmly attached to their cuticle suggested passage of the pathogen from the exposed individuals to their nestmates. By tracing fluorescence-labelled conidia we indeed detected frequent pathogen transfer to the nestmates, where they caused low-level infections as revealed by growth of small numbers of fungal colony forming units from their dissected body content. These infections rarely led to death, but instead promoted an enhanced ability to inhibit fungal growth and an active upregulation of immune genes involved in antifungal defences (defensin and prophenoloxidase, PPO). Contrarily, there was no upregulation of the gene cathepsin L, which is associated with antibacterial and antiviral defences, and we found no increased antibacterial activity of nestmates of fungus-exposed ants. This indicates that social immunisation after fungal exposure is specific, similar to recent findings for individual-level immune priming in invertebrates. Epidemiological modeling further suggests that active social immunisation is adaptive, as it leads to faster elimination of the disease and lower death rates than passive immunisation. Interestingly, humans have also utilised the protective effect of low-level infections to fight smallpox by intentional transfer of low pathogen doses (“variolation” or “inoculation”)."}],"type":"research_data_reference","doi":"10.5061/dryad.sv37s","date_published":"2012-09-27T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sv37s","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Konrad, Matthias, Meghan Vyleta, Fabian Theis, Miriam Stock, Martina Klatt, Verena Drescher, Carsten Marr, Line V Ugelvig, and Sylvia Cremer. “Data from: Social Transfer of Pathogenic Fungus Promotes Active Immunisation in Ant Colonies.” Dryad, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sv37s.","short":"M. Konrad, M. Vyleta, F. Theis, M. Stock, M. Klatt, V. Drescher, C. Marr, L.V. Ugelvig, S. Cremer, (2012).","mla":"Konrad, Matthias, et al. Data from: Social Transfer of Pathogenic Fungus Promotes Active Immunisation in Ant Colonies. Dryad, 2012, doi:10.5061/dryad.sv37s.","ieee":"M. Konrad et al., “Data from: Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies.” Dryad, 2012.","apa":"Konrad, M., Vyleta, M., Theis, F., Stock, M., Klatt, M., Drescher, V., … Cremer, S. (2012). Data from: Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sv37s","ista":"Konrad M, Vyleta M, Theis F, Stock M, Klatt M, Drescher V, Marr C, Ugelvig LV, Cremer S. 2012. Data from: Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.sv37s.","ama":"Konrad M, Vyleta M, Theis F, et al. Data from: Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies. 2012. doi:10.5061/dryad.sv37s"},"month":"09","day":"27","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"author":[{"full_name":"Aeschbacher, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Aeschbacher","id":"2D35326E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Futschik","full_name":"Futschik, Andreas"},{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Beaumont","full_name":"Beaumont, Mark"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"2944","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2021-07-30T12:36:39Z","date_updated":"2023-02-23T11:05:19Z","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2012","_id":"9758","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","title":"Data from: Approximate Bayesian computation for modular inference problems with many parameters: the example of migration rates","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Dryad","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We propose a two-step procedure for estimating multiple migration rates in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, accounting for global nuisance parameters. The approach is not limited to migration, but generally of interest for inference problems with multiple parameters and a modular structure (e.g. independent sets of demes or loci). We condition on a known, but complex demographic model of a spatially subdivided population, motivated by the reintroduction of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) into Switzerland. In the first step, the global parameters ancestral mutation rate and male mating skew have been estimated for the whole population in Aeschbacher et al. (Genetics 2012; 192: 1027). In the second step, we estimate in this study the migration rates independently for clusters of demes putatively connected by migration. For large clusters (many migration rates), ABC faces the problem of too many summary statistics. We therefore assess by simulation if estimation per pair of demes is a valid alternative. We find that the trade-off between reduced dimensionality for the pairwise estimation on the one hand and lower accuracy due to the assumption of pairwise independence on the other depends on the number of migration rates to be inferred: the accuracy of the pairwise approach increases with the number of parameters, relative to the joint estimation approach. To distinguish between low and zero migration, we perform ABC-type model comparison between a model with migration and one without. Applying the approach to microsatellite data from Alpine ibex, we find no evidence for substantial gene flow via migration, except for one pair of demes in one direction."}],"type":"research_data_reference","doi":"10.5061/dryad.274b1","date_published":"2012-11-14T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.274b1"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Aeschbacher, Simon, Andreas Futschik, and Mark Beaumont. “Data from: Approximate Bayesian Computation for Modular Inference Problems with Many Parameters: The Example of Migration Rates.” Dryad, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.274b1.","short":"S. Aeschbacher, A. Futschik, M. Beaumont, (2012).","mla":"Aeschbacher, Simon, et al. Data from: Approximate Bayesian Computation for Modular Inference Problems with Many Parameters: The Example of Migration Rates. Dryad, 2012, doi:10.5061/dryad.274b1.","ieee":"S. Aeschbacher, A. Futschik, and M. Beaumont, “Data from: Approximate Bayesian computation for modular inference problems with many parameters: the example of migration rates.” Dryad, 2012.","apa":"Aeschbacher, S., Futschik, A., & Beaumont, M. (2012). Data from: Approximate Bayesian computation for modular inference problems with many parameters: the example of migration rates. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.274b1","ista":"Aeschbacher S, Futschik A, Beaumont M. 2012. Data from: Approximate Bayesian computation for modular inference problems with many parameters: the example of migration rates, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.274b1.","ama":"Aeschbacher S, Futschik A, Beaumont M. Data from: Approximate Bayesian computation for modular inference problems with many parameters: the example of migration rates. 2012. doi:10.5061/dryad.274b1"},"month":"11","day":"14","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"type":"research_data_reference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To fight infectious diseases, host immune defences are employed at multiple levels. Sanitary behaviour, such as pathogen avoidance and removal, acts as a first line of defence to prevent infection [1] before activation of the physiological immune system. Insect societies have evolved a wide range of collective hygiene measures and intensive health care towards pathogen-exposed group members [2]. One of the most common behaviours is allogrooming, in which nestmates remove infectious particles from the body surfaces of exposed individuals [3]. Here we show that, in invasive garden ants, grooming of fungus-exposed brood is effective beyond the sheer mechanical removal of fungal conidiospores as it also includes chemical disinfection through the application of poison produced by the ants themselves. Formic acid is the main active component of the poison. It inhibits fungal growth of conidiospores remaining on the brood surface after grooming and also those collected in the mouth of the grooming ant. This dual function is achieved by uptake of the poison droplet into the mouth through acidopore self-grooming and subsequent application onto the infectious brood via brood grooming. This extraordinary behaviour extends current understanding of grooming and the establishment of social immunity in insect societies."}],"status":"public","title":"Data from: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison","department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"publisher":"Dryad","year":"2012","_id":"9757","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","date_created":"2021-07-30T12:31:31Z","date_updated":"2023-02-23T11:04:28Z","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"Tragust","first_name":"Simon","id":"35A7A418-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Tragust, Simon"},{"last_name":"Mitteregger","first_name":"Barbara","id":"479DDAAC-E9CD-11E9-9B5F-82450873F7A1","full_name":"Mitteregger, Barbara"},{"full_name":"Barone, Vanessa","id":"419EECCC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2676-3367","first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Barone"},{"last_name":"Konrad","first_name":"Matthias","id":"46528076-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Konrad, Matthias"},{"last_name":"Ugelvig","first_name":"Line V","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"2926"}]},"month":"12","day":"14","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"mla":"Tragust, Simon, et al. Data from: Ants Disinfect Fungus-Exposed Brood by Oral Uptake and Spread of Their Poison. Dryad, 2012, doi:10.5061/dryad.61649.","short":"S. Tragust, B. Mitteregger, V. Barone, M. Konrad, L.V. Ugelvig, S. Cremer, (2012).","chicago":"Tragust, Simon, Barbara Mitteregger, Vanessa Barone, Matthias Konrad, Line V Ugelvig, and Sylvia Cremer. “Data from: Ants Disinfect Fungus-Exposed Brood by Oral Uptake and Spread of Their Poison.” Dryad, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.61649.","ama":"Tragust S, Mitteregger B, Barone V, Konrad M, Ugelvig LV, Cremer S. Data from: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison. 2012. doi:10.5061/dryad.61649","ista":"Tragust S, Mitteregger B, Barone V, Konrad M, Ugelvig LV, Cremer S. 2012. Data from: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.61649.","ieee":"S. Tragust, B. Mitteregger, V. Barone, M. Konrad, L. V. Ugelvig, and S. Cremer, “Data from: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison.” Dryad, 2012.","apa":"Tragust, S., Mitteregger, B., Barone, V., Konrad, M., Ugelvig, L. V., & Cremer, S. (2012). Data from: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.61649"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.61649","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"doi":"10.5061/dryad.61649","date_published":"2012-12-14T00:00:00Z"},{"publication":"Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems","citation":{"ista":"Kaloshin V, KOZLOVSKI OS. 2012. A Cr unimodal map with an arbitrary fast growth of the number of periodic points. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 32(1), 159–165.","ieee":"V. Kaloshin and O. S. KOZLOVSKI, “A Cr unimodal map with an arbitrary fast growth of the number of periodic points,” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, vol. 32, no. 1. Cambridge University Press, pp. 159–165, 2012.","apa":"Kaloshin, V., & KOZLOVSKI, O. S. (2012). A Cr unimodal map with an arbitrary fast growth of the number of periodic points. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385710000817","ama":"Kaloshin V, KOZLOVSKI OS. A Cr unimodal map with an arbitrary fast growth of the number of periodic points. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 2012;32(1):159-165. doi:10.1017/s0143385710000817","chicago":"Kaloshin, Vadim, and O. S. KOZLOVSKI. “A Cr Unimodal Map with an Arbitrary Fast Growth of the Number of Periodic Points.” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385710000817.","mla":"Kaloshin, Vadim, and O. S. KOZLOVSKI. “A Cr Unimodal Map with an Arbitrary Fast Growth of the Number of Periodic Points.” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, vol. 32, no. 1, Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 159–65, doi:10.1017/s0143385710000817.","short":"V. Kaloshin, O.S. KOZLOVSKI, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 32 (2012) 159–165."},"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","page":"159-165","date_published":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1017/s0143385710000817","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Applied Mathematics","General Mathematics"],"day":"01","month":"02","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0143-3857","1469-4417"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"8504","year":"2012","title":"A Cr unimodal map with an arbitrary fast growth of the number of periodic points","status":"public","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","intvolume":" 32","author":[{"id":"FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-6051-2628","first_name":"Vadim","last_name":"Kaloshin","full_name":"Kaloshin, Vadim"},{"full_name":"KOZLOVSKI, O. S.","last_name":"KOZLOVSKI","first_name":"O. S."}],"date_created":"2020-09-18T10:47:33Z","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:19:44Z","oa_version":"None","volume":32,"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper we present a surprising example of a Cr unimodal map of an interval f:I→I whose number of periodic points Pn(f)=∣{x∈I:fnx=x}∣ grows faster than any ahead given sequence along a subsequence nk=3k. This example also shows that ‘non-flatness’ of critical points is necessary for the Martens–de Melo–van Strien theorem [M. Martens, W. de Melo and S. van Strien. Julia–Fatou–Sullivan theory for real one-dimensional dynamics. Acta Math.168(3–4) (1992), 273–318] to hold.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"1","extern":"1"}]