[{"date_published":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Nan, Bingfei, Mengyao Li, Yu Zhang, Ke Xiao, Khak Ho Lim, Cheng Chang, Xu Han, et al. “Engineering of Thermoelectric Composites Based on Silver Selenide in Aqueous Solution and Ambient Temperature.” ACS Applied Electronic Materials. American Chemical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055.","short":"B. Nan, M. Li, Y. Zhang, K. Xiao, K.H. Lim, C. Chang, X. Han, Y. Zuo, J. Li, J. Arbiol, J. Llorca, M. Ibáñez, A. Cabot, ACS Applied Electronic Materials (2023).","mla":"Nan, Bingfei, et al. “Engineering of Thermoelectric Composites Based on Silver Selenide in Aqueous Solution and Ambient Temperature.” ACS Applied Electronic Materials, American Chemical Society, 2023, doi:10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055.","apa":"Nan, B., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Xiao, K., Lim, K. H., Chang, C., … Cabot, A. (2023). Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature. ACS Applied Electronic Materials. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055","ieee":"B. Nan et al., “Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature,” ACS Applied Electronic Materials. American Chemical Society, 2023.","ista":"Nan B, Li M, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Lim KH, Chang C, Han X, Zuo Y, Li J, Arbiol J, Llorca J, Ibáñez M, Cabot A. 2023. Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature. ACS Applied Electronic Materials.","ama":"Nan B, Li M, Zhang Y, et al. Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature. ACS Applied Electronic Materials. 2023. doi:10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055"},"publication":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"05","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"13093","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","title":"Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The direct, solid state, and reversible conversion between heat and electricity using thermoelectric devices finds numerous potential uses, especially around room temperature. However, the relatively high material processing cost limits their real applications. Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is one of the very few n-type thermoelectric (TE) materials for room-temperature applications. Herein, we report a room temperature, fast, and aqueous-phase synthesis approach to produce Ag2Se, which can be extended to other metal chalcogenides. These materials reach TE figures of merit (zT) of up to 0.76 at 380 K. To improve these values, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles also prepared in an aqueous solution are incorporated into the Ag2Se matrix. In this way, a series of Ag2Se/Bi2S3 composites with Bi2S3 wt % of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 are prepared by solution blending and hot-press sintering. The presence of Bi2S3 significantly improves the Seebeck coefficient and power factor while at the same time decreasing the thermal conductivity with no apparent drop in electrical conductivity. Thus, a maximum zT value of 0.96 is achieved in the composites with 1.0 wt % Bi2S3 at 370 K. Furthermore, a high average zT value (zTave) of 0.93 in the 300–390 K range is demonstrated."}],"type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000986859000001"]},"project":[{"name":"Bottom-up Engineering for Thermoelectric Applications","_id":"9B8804FC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"M02889"},{"name":"HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery","_id":"9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2637-6113"]},"month":"05","author":[{"full_name":"Nan, Bingfei","last_name":"Nan","first_name":"Bingfei"},{"full_name":"Li, Mengyao","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Mengyao"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Yu","full_name":"Zhang, Yu"},{"last_name":"Xiao","first_name":"Ke","full_name":"Xiao, Ke"},{"last_name":"Lim","first_name":"Khak Ho","full_name":"Lim, Khak Ho"},{"full_name":"Chang, Cheng","id":"9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425","orcid":"0000-0002-9515-4277","first_name":"Cheng","last_name":"Chang"},{"full_name":"Han, Xu","first_name":"Xu","last_name":"Han"},{"full_name":"Zuo, Yong","first_name":"Yong","last_name":"Zuo"},{"full_name":"Li, Junshan","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Junshan"},{"last_name":"Arbiol","first_name":"Jordi","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi"},{"last_name":"Llorca","first_name":"Jordi","full_name":"Llorca, Jordi"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5013-2843","id":"43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ibáñez","first_name":"Maria","full_name":"Ibáñez, Maria"},{"first_name":"Andreu","last_name":"Cabot","full_name":"Cabot, Andreu"}],"date_created":"2023-05-28T22:01:03Z","date_updated":"2023-08-01T14:50:48Z","acknowledgement":"Open Access is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). B.N., M.L., Y.Z., K.X., and X.H. thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the scholarship support. C.C. received funding from the FWF “Lise Meitner Fellowship” grant agreement M 2889-N. M.I. acknowledges the financial support from ISTA and the Werner Siemens Foundation. ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457 and project NANOGEN (PID2020-116093RB-C43) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. ICN2 was supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and was funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. J.L. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful to the ICREA Academia program and projects MICINN/FEDER PID2021-124572OB-C31 and 2021 SGR 01061. K.H.L. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22208293). This study is part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat de Catalunya.","year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"MaIb"}],"publisher":"American Chemical Society","publication_status":"epub_ahead"},{"file_date_updated":"2023-05-30T08:05:22Z","author":[{"full_name":"Browning, Timothy D","last_name":"Browning","first_name":"Timothy D","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Will","last_name":"Sawin","full_name":"Sawin, Will"}],"volume":17,"date_updated":"2023-08-01T14:51:57Z","date_created":"2023-05-28T22:01:02Z","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Paul Nelson, Per Salberger and Jason Starr for useful comments. While working on this paper the first author was supported by EPRSC grant EP/P026710/1. The research was partially conducted during the period the second author served as a Clay Research Fellow, and partially conducted during the period he was supported by Dr. Max Rössler, the Walter Haefner Foundation and the ETH Zurich Foundation.","year":"2023","publisher":"Mathematical Sciences Publishers","department":[{"_id":"TiBr"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1944-7833"],"issn":["1937-0652"]},"month":"04","doi":"10.2140/ant.2023.17.719","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1810.06882"],"isi":["000996014700004"]},"oa":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"EP-P026710-2","_id":"26A8D266-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Between rational and integral points"}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"issue":"3","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We use a function field version of the Hardy–Littlewood circle method to study the locus of free rational curves on an arbitrary smooth projective hypersurface of sufficiently low degree. On the one hand this allows us to bound the dimension of the singular locus of the moduli space of rational curves on such hypersurfaces and, on the other hand, it sheds light on Peyre’s reformulation of the Batyrev–Manin conjecture in terms of slopes with respect to the tangent bundle."}],"type":"journal_article","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"5d5d67b235905650e33cf7065d7583b4","date_updated":"2023-05-30T08:05:22Z","date_created":"2023-05-30T08:05:22Z","file_id":"13101","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1430719,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_AlgebraNumberTheory_Browning.pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"13091","intvolume":" 17","title":"Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method","ddc":["510"],"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"12","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","citation":{"chicago":"Browning, Timothy D, and Will Sawin. “Free Rational Curves on Low Degree Hypersurfaces and the Circle Method.” Algebra and Number Theory. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2023. https://doi.org/10.2140/ant.2023.17.719.","mla":"Browning, Timothy D., and Will Sawin. “Free Rational Curves on Low Degree Hypersurfaces and the Circle Method.” Algebra and Number Theory, vol. 17, no. 3, Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2023, pp. 719–48, doi:10.2140/ant.2023.17.719.","short":"T.D. Browning, W. Sawin, Algebra and Number Theory 17 (2023) 719–748.","ista":"Browning TD, Sawin W. 2023. Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method. Algebra and Number Theory. 17(3), 719–748.","apa":"Browning, T. D., & Sawin, W. (2023). Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method. Algebra and Number Theory. Mathematical Sciences Publishers. https://doi.org/10.2140/ant.2023.17.719","ieee":"T. D. Browning and W. Sawin, “Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method,” Algebra and Number Theory, vol. 17, no. 3. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, pp. 719–748, 2023.","ama":"Browning TD, Sawin W. Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method. Algebra and Number Theory. 2023;17(3):719-748. doi:10.2140/ant.2023.17.719"},"publication":"Algebra and Number Theory","page":"719-748","article_type":"original"},{"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"F07105","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"name":"Controllable Collective States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles","_id":"26B354CA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2"}],"oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["001001099700002"],"arxiv":["2205.03293"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6","month":"05","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"The authors thank W.D. Oliver for discussions, L. Drmic and P. Zielinski for software development, and the MIBA workshop and the IST nanofabrication facility for technical support. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105) and IST Austria. E.R. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. and M.Z. acknowledge support from the European Research Council under grant agreement No 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and a NOMIS foundation research grant. The work of A.N.P. and A.V.P. has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation under the grant No 20-12-00194.","date_created":"2023-06-04T22:01:02Z","date_updated":"2023-08-02T06:10:26Z","volume":14,"author":[{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena"},{"first_name":"Alexander V.","last_name":"Poshakinskiy","full_name":"Poshakinskiy, Alexander V."},{"id":"2E6D040E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Riya","last_name":"Sett","full_name":"Sett, Riya"},{"full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Zemlicka","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Poddubny, Alexander N.","first_name":"Alexander N.","last_name":"Poddubny"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"13124"}]},"article_number":"2998","file_date_updated":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publication":"Nature Communications","citation":{"short":"E. Redchenko, A.V. Poshakinskiy, R. Sett, M. Zemlicka, A.N. Poddubny, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","mla":"Redchenko, Elena, et al. “Tunable Directional Photon Scattering from a Pair of Superconducting Qubits.” Nature Communications, vol. 14, 2998, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6.","chicago":"Redchenko, Elena, Alexander V. Poshakinskiy, Riya Sett, Martin Zemlicka, Alexander N. Poddubny, and Johannes M Fink. “Tunable Directional Photon Scattering from a Pair of Superconducting Qubits.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6.","ama":"Redchenko E, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Zemlicka M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nature Communications. 2023;14. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6","ieee":"E. Redchenko, A. V. Poshakinskiy, R. Sett, M. Zemlicka, A. N. Poddubny, and J. M. Fink, “Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits,” Nature Communications, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2023.","apa":"Redchenko, E., Poshakinskiy, A. V., Sett, R., Zemlicka, M., Poddubny, A. N., & Fink, J. M. (2023). Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6","ista":"Redchenko E, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Zemlicka M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. 2023. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nature Communications. 14, 2998."},"date_published":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","day":"24","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits","status":"public","ddc":["530"],"intvolume":" 14","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"13117","file":[{"file_id":"13123","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","date_updated":"2023-06-06T07:31:20Z","success":1,"checksum":"a857df40f0882859c48a1ff1e2001ec2","file_name":"2023_NaturePhysics_Redchenko.pdf","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":1654389,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality."}]},{"title":"Entangling microwaves with light","status":"public","intvolume":" 380","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"13106","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification."}],"issue":"6646","article_type":"original","page":"718-721","publication":"Science","citation":{"apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., & Fink, J. M. (2023). Entangling microwaves with light. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812","ieee":"R. Sahu et al., “Entangling microwaves with light,” Science, vol. 380, no. 6646. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 718–721, 2023.","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves with light. Science. 380(6646), 718–721.","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. Science. 2023;380(6646):718-721. doi:10.1126/science.adg3812","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812.","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Science 380 (2023) 718–721.","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” Science, vol. 380, no. 6646, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:10.1126/science.adg3812."},"date_published":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"day":"18","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen QUARTET).","year":"2023","date_updated":"2023-08-02T06:08:57Z","date_created":"2023-05-31T11:39:24Z","volume":380,"author":[{"full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"first_name":"Liu","last_name":"Qiu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","full_name":"Qiu, Liu"},{"id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","full_name":"Hease, William J"},{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M"},{"full_name":"Minoguchi, Y.","first_name":"Y.","last_name":"Minoguchi"},{"last_name":"Rabl","first_name":"P.","full_name":"Rabl, P."},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA Website","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/"}],"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"13122"}]},"ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"},{"name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"F07105","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2301.03315"],"isi":["000996515200004"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1126/science.adg3812","month":"05","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1095-9203"],"issn":["0036-8075"]}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study the representative volume element (RVE) method, which is a method to approximately infer the effective behavior ahom of a stationary random medium. The latter is described by a coefficient field a(x) generated from a given ensemble ⟨⋅⟩ and the corresponding linear elliptic operator −∇⋅a∇. In line with the theory of homogenization, the method proceeds by computing d=3 correctors (d denoting the space dimension). To be numerically tractable, this computation has to be done on a finite domain: the so-called representative volume element, i.e., a large box with, say, periodic boundary conditions. The main message of this article is: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations. By this, we mean that it is better to sample from a suitably periodized ensemble than to periodically extend the restriction of a realization a(x) from the whole-space ensemble ⟨⋅⟩. We make this point by investigating the bias (or systematic error), i.e., the difference between ahom and the expected value of the RVE method, in terms of its scaling w.r.t. the lateral size L of the box. In case of periodizing a(x), we heuristically argue that this error is generically O(L−1). In case of a suitable periodization of ⟨⋅⟩\r\n, we rigorously show that it is O(L−d). In fact, we give a characterization of the leading-order error term for both strategies and argue that even in the isotropic case it is generically non-degenerate. We carry out the rigorous analysis in the convenient setting of ensembles ⟨⋅⟩\r\n of Gaussian type, which allow for a straightforward periodization, passing via the (integrable) covariance function. This setting has also the advantage of making the Price theorem and the Malliavin calculus available for optimal stochastic estimates of correctors. We actually need control of second-order correctors to capture the leading-order error term. This is due to inversion symmetry when applying the two-scale expansion to the Green function. As a bonus, we present a stream-lined strategy to estimate the error in a higher-order two-scale expansion of the Green function."}],"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"13129","status":"public","title":"Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations","ddc":["510"],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"30","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","citation":{"mla":"Clozeau, Nicolas, et al. “Bias in the Representative Volume Element Method: Periodize the Ensemble Instead of Its Realizations.” Foundations of Computational Mathematics, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y.","short":"N. Clozeau, M. Josien, F. Otto, Q. Xu, Foundations of Computational Mathematics (2023).","chicago":"Clozeau, Nicolas, Marc Josien, Felix Otto, and Qiang Xu. “Bias in the Representative Volume Element Method: Periodize the Ensemble Instead of Its Realizations.” Foundations of Computational Mathematics. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y.","ama":"Clozeau N, Josien M, Otto F, Xu Q. Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations. Foundations of Computational Mathematics. 2023. doi:10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y","ista":"Clozeau N, Josien M, Otto F, Xu Q. 2023. Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations. Foundations of Computational Mathematics.","apa":"Clozeau, N., Josien, M., Otto, F., & Xu, Q. (2023). Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations. Foundations of Computational Mathematics. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y","ieee":"N. Clozeau, M. Josien, F. Otto, and Q. Xu, “Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations,” Foundations of Computational Mathematics. Springer Nature, 2023."},"publication":"Foundations of Computational Mathematics","article_type":"original","author":[{"id":"fea1b376-906f-11eb-847d-b2c0cf46455b","first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Clozeau","full_name":"Clozeau, Nicolas"},{"full_name":"Josien, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Josien"},{"full_name":"Otto, Felix","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Otto"},{"full_name":"Xu, Qiang","last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Qiang"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-02T06:12:39Z","date_created":"2023-06-11T22:00:40Z","year":"2023","acknowledgement":"Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","department":[{"_id":"JuFi"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"epub_ahead","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1615-3375"],"eissn":["1615-3383"]},"month":"05","doi":"10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000999623100001"]},"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1}]