@article{14441, abstract = {We study the Fröhlich polaron model in R3, and establish the subleading term in the strong coupling asymptotics of its ground state energy, corresponding to the quantum corrections to the classical energy determined by the Pekar approximation.}, author = {Brooks, Morris and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1432-0916}, journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics}, pages = {287--337}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The Fröhlich Polaron at strong coupling: Part I - The quantum correction to the classical energy}}, doi = {10.1007/s00220-023-04841-3}, volume = {404}, year = {2023}, } @inproceedings{14448, abstract = {We consider the problem of solving LP relaxations of MAP-MRF inference problems, and in particular the method proposed recently in [16], [35]. As a key computational subroutine, it uses a variant of the Frank-Wolfe (FW) method to minimize a smooth convex function over a combinatorial polytope. We propose an efficient implementation of this subroutine based on in-face Frank-Wolfe directions, introduced in [4] in a different context. More generally, we define an abstract data structure for a combinatorial subproblem that enables in-face FW directions, and describe its specialization for tree-structured MAP-MRF inference subproblems. Experimental results indicate that the resulting method is the current state-of-art LP solver for some classes of problems. Our code is available at pub.ist.ac.at/~vnk/papers/IN-FACE-FW.html.}, author = {Kolmogorov, Vladimir}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, isbn = {9798350301298}, issn = {1063-6919}, location = {Vancouver, Canada}, pages = {11980--11989}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Solving relaxations of MAP-MRF problems: Combinatorial in-face Frank-Wolfe directions}}, doi = {10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.01153}, volume = {2023}, year = {2023}, } @article{12672, abstract = {Cytosine methylation within CG dinucleotides (mCG) can be epigenetically inherited over many generations. Such inheritance is thought to be mediated by a semiconservative mechanism that produces binary present/absent methylation patterns. However, we show here that in Arabidopsis thaliana h1ddm1 mutants, intermediate heterochromatic mCG is stably inherited across many generations and is quantitatively associated with transposon expression. We develop a mathematical model that estimates the rates of semiconservative maintenance failure and de novo methylation at each transposon, demonstrating that mCG can be stably inherited at any level via a dynamic balance of these activities. We find that DRM2 – the core methyltransferase of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway – catalyzes most of the heterochromatic de novo mCG, with de novo rates orders of magnitude higher than previously thought, whereas chromomethylases make smaller contributions. Our results demonstrate that stable epigenetic inheritance of mCG in plant heterochromatin is enabled by extensive de novo methylation.}, author = {Lyons, David B. and Briffa, Amy and He, Shengbo and Choi, Jaemyung and Hollwey, Elizabeth and Colicchio, Jack and Anderson, Ian and Feng, Xiaoqi and Howard, Martin and Zilberman, Daniel}, issn = {2211-1247}, journal = {Cell Reports}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Extensive de novo activity stabilizes epigenetic inheritance of CG methylation in Arabidopsis transposons}}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112132}, volume = {42}, year = {2023}, } @article{13178, abstract = {We consider the large polaron described by the Fröhlich Hamiltonian and study its energy-momentum relation defined as the lowest possible energy as a function of the total momentum. Using a suitable family of trial states, we derive an optimal parabolic upper bound for the energy-momentum relation in the limit of strong coupling. The upper bound consists of a momentum independent term that agrees with the predicted two-term expansion for the ground state energy of the strongly coupled polaron at rest and a term that is quadratic in the momentum with coefficient given by the inverse of twice the classical effective mass introduced by Landau and Pekar.}, author = {Mitrouskas, David Johannes and Mysliwy, Krzysztof and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {2050-5094}, journal = {Forum of Mathematics}, pages = {1--52}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Optimal parabolic upper bound for the energy-momentum relation of a strongly coupled polaron}}, doi = {10.1017/fms.2023.45}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, } @article{14484, abstract = {Intercellular signaling molecules, known as morphogens, act at a long range in developing tissues to provide spatial information and control properties such as cell fate and tissue growth. The production, transport, and removal of morphogens shape their concentration profiles in time and space. Downstream signaling cascades and gene regulatory networks within cells then convert the spatiotemporal morphogen profiles into distinct cellular responses. Current challenges are to understand the diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying morphogen gradient formation, as well as the logic of downstream regulatory circuits involved in morphogen interpretation. This knowledge, combining experimental and theoretical results, is essential to understand emerging properties of morphogen-controlled systems, such as robustness and scaling.}, author = {Kicheva, Anna and Briscoe, James}, issn = {1530-8995}, journal = {Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology}, pages = {91--121}, publisher = {Annual Reviews}, title = {{Control of tissue development by morphogens}}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-cellbio-020823-011522}, volume = {39}, year = {2023}, } @article{14488, abstract = {Portrait viewpoint and illumination editing is an important problem with several applications in VR/AR, movies, and photography. Comprehensive knowledge of geometry and illumination is critical for obtaining photorealistic results. Current methods are unable to explicitly model in 3D while handling both viewpoint and illumination editing from a single image. In this paper, we propose VoRF, a novel approach that can take even a single portrait image as input and relight human heads under novel illuminations that can be viewed from arbitrary viewpoints. VoRF represents a human head as a continuous volumetric field and learns a prior model of human heads using a coordinate-based MLP with individual latent spaces for identity and illumination. The prior model is learned in an auto-decoder manner over a diverse class of head shapes and appearances, allowing VoRF to generalize to novel test identities from a single input image. Additionally, VoRF has a reflectance MLP that uses the intermediate features of the prior model for rendering One-Light-at-A-Time (OLAT) images under novel views. We synthesize novel illuminations by combining these OLAT images with target environment maps. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of VoRF for relighting and novel view synthesis, even when applied to unseen subjects under uncontrolled illumination. This work is an extension of Rao et al. (VoRF: Volumetric Relightable Faces 2022). We provide extensive evaluation and ablative studies of our model and also provide an application, where any face can be relighted using textual input.}, author = {Rao, Pramod and Mallikarjun, B. R. and Fox, Gereon and Weyrich, Tim and Bickel, Bernd and Pfister, Hanspeter and Matusik, Wojciech and Zhan, Fangneng and Tewari, Ayush and Theobalt, Christian and Elgharib, Mohamed}, issn = {1573-1405}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable faces}}, doi = {10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3}, year = {2023}, } @article{14487, abstract = {High Mountain Asia (HMA) is among the most vulnerable water towers globally and yet future projections of water availability in and from its high-mountain catchments remain uncertain, as their hydrologic response to ongoing environmental changes is complex. Mechanistic modeling approaches incorporating cryospheric, hydrological, and vegetation processes in high spatial, temporal, and physical detail have never been applied for high-elevation catchments of HMA. We use a land surface model at high spatial and temporal resolution (100 m and hourly) to simulate the coupled dynamics of energy, water, and vegetation for the 350 km2 Langtang catchment (Nepal). We compare our model outputs for one hydrological year against a large set of observations to gain insight into the partitioning of the water balance at the subseasonal scale and across elevation bands. During the simulated hydrological year, we find that evapotranspiration is a key component of the total water balance, as it causes about the equivalent of 20% of all the available precipitation or 154% of the water production from glacier melt in the basin to return directly to the atmosphere. The depletion of the cryospheric water budget is dominated by snow melt, but at high elevations is primarily dictated by snow and ice sublimation. Snow sublimation is the dominant vapor flux (49%) at the catchment scale, accounting for the equivalent of 11% of snowfall, 17% of snowmelt, and 75% of ice melt, respectively. We conclude that simulations should consider sublimation and other evaporative fluxes explicitly, as otherwise water balance estimates can be ill-quantified.}, author = {Buri, Pascal and Fatichi, Simone and Shaw, Thomas and Miles, Evan S. and Mccarthy, Michael and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fugger, Stefan and Ren, Shaoting and Kneib, Marin and Jouberton, Achille and Steiner, Jakob and Fujita, Koji and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {1944-7973}, journal = {Water Resources Research}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: On the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high-elevation catchment}}, doi = {10.1029/2022WR033841}, volume = {59}, year = {2023}, } @inproceedings{14485, abstract = {Batching is a technique that stores multiple keys/values in each node of a data structure. In sequential search data structures, batching reduces latency by reducing the number of cache misses and shortening the chain of pointers to dereference. Applying batching to concurrent data structures is challenging, because it is difficult to maintain the search property and keep contention low in the presence of batching. In this paper, we present a general methodology for leveraging batching in concurrent search data structures, called BatchBoost. BatchBoost builds a search data structure from distinct "data" and "index" layers. The data layer’s purpose is to store a batch of key/value pairs in each of its nodes. The index layer uses an unmodified concurrent search data structure to route operations to a position in the data layer that is "close" to where the corresponding key should exist. The requirements on the index and data layers are low: with minimal effort, we were able to compose three highly scalable concurrent search data structures based on three original data structures as the index layers with a batched version of the Lazy List as the data layer. The resulting BatchBoost data structures provide significant performance improvements over their original counterparts.}, author = {Aksenov, Vitaly and Anoprenko, Michael and Fedorov, Alexander and Spear, Michael}, booktitle = {37th International Symposium on Distributed Computing}, isbn = {9783959773010}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {L'Aquila, Italy}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Brief announcement: BatchBoost: Universal batching for concurrent data structures}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2023.35}, volume = {281}, year = {2023}, } @article{14486, abstract = {We present a minimal model of ferroelectric large polarons, which are suggested as one of the mechanisms responsible for the unique charge transport properties of hybrid perovskites. We demonstrate that short-ranged charge–rotor interactions lead to long-range ferroelectric ordering of rotors, which strongly affects the carrier mobility. In the nonperturbative regime, where our theory cannot be reduced to any of the earlier models, we reveal that the polaron is characterized by large coherence length and a roughly tenfold increase of the effective mass as compared to the bare mass. These results are in good agreement with other theoretical predictions for ferroelectric polarons. Our model establishes a general phenomenological framework for ferroelectric polarons providing the starting point for future studies of their role in the transport properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.}, author = {Koutentakis, Georgios and Ghazaryan, Areg and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Rotor lattice model of ferroelectric large polarons}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043016}, volume = {5}, year = {2023}, } @article{14313, abstract = {To respond to auxin, the chief orchestrator of their multicellularity, plants evolved multiple receptor systems and signal transduction cascades. Despite decades of research, however, we are still lacking a satisfactory synthesis of various auxin signaling mechanisms. The chief discrepancy and historical controversy of the field is that of rapid and slow auxin effects on plant physiology and development. How is it possible that ions begin to trickle across the plasma membrane as soon as auxin enters the cell, even though the best-characterized transcriptional auxin pathway can take effect only after tens of minutes? Recently, unexpected progress has been made in understanding this and other unknowns of auxin signaling. We provide a perspective on these exciting developments and concepts whose general applicability might have ramifications beyond auxin signaling.}, author = {Fiedler, Lukas and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1369-5266}, journal = {Current Opinion in Plant Biology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Rapid auxin signaling: Unknowns old and new}}, doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102443}, volume = {75}, year = {2023}, } @misc{14494, abstract = {We provide i) gridded initial conditions (.tif), ii) modeled gridded monthly outputs (.tif), and iii) modeled hourly outputs at the station locations (.txt) for the hydrological year 2019. Information about the variables and units can be found in the figures (.png) associated to each dataset. Details about the datasets can be found in the original publication by Buri and others (2023). Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Fyffe, C. L., ... & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment. Water Resources Research, 59(10), e2022WR033841. DOI: 10.1029/2022WR033841}, author = {Buri, Pascal and Fatichi, Simone and Shaw, Thomas and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fugger, Stefan and Ren, Shaoting and Kneib, Marin and Jouberton, Achille and Steiner, Jakob and Fujita, Koji and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Model output data to "Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment"}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.8402426}, year = {2023}, } @article{14499, abstract = {An n-vertex graph is called C-Ramsey if it has no clique or independent set of size Clog2n (i.e., if it has near-optimal Ramsey behavior). In this paper, we study edge statistics in Ramsey graphs, in particular obtaining very precise control of the distribution of the number of edges in a random vertex subset of a C-Ramsey graph. This brings together two ongoing lines of research: the study of ‘random-like’ properties of Ramsey graphs and the study of small-ball probability for low-degree polynomials of independent random variables. The proof proceeds via an ‘additive structure’ dichotomy on the degree sequence and involves a wide range of different tools from Fourier analysis, random matrix theory, the theory of Boolean functions, probabilistic combinatorics and low-rank approximation. In particular, a key ingredient is a new sharpened version of the quadratic Carbery–Wright theorem on small-ball probability for polynomials of Gaussians, which we believe is of independent interest. One of the consequences of our result is the resolution of an old conjecture of Erdős and McKay, for which Erdős reiterated in several of his open problem collections and for which he offered one of his notorious monetary prizes.}, author = {Kwan, Matthew Alan and Sah, Ashwin and Sauermann, Lisa and Sawhney, Mehtaab}, issn = {2050-5086}, journal = {Forum of Mathematics, Pi}, keywords = {Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology, Mathematical Physics, Statistics and Probability, Algebra and Number Theory, Analysis}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Anticoncentration in Ramsey graphs and a proof of the Erdős–McKay conjecture}}, doi = {10.1017/fmp.2023.17}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, } @article{14281, abstract = {In nature, proteins that switch between two conformations in response to environmental stimuli structurally transduce biochemical information in a manner analogous to how transistors control information flow in computing devices. Designing proteins with two distinct but fully structured conformations is a challenge for protein design as it requires sculpting an energy landscape with two distinct minima. Here we describe the design of “hinge” proteins that populate one designed state in the absence of ligand and a second designed state in the presence of ligand. X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy, and binding measurements demonstrate that despite the significant structural differences the two states are designed with atomic level accuracy and that the conformational and binding equilibria are closely coupled.}, author = {Praetorius, Florian M and Leung, Philip J. Y. and Tessmer, Maxx H. and Broerman, Adam and Demakis, Cullen and Dishman, Acacia F. and Pillai, Arvind and Idris, Abbas and Juergens, David and Dauparas, Justas and Li, Xinting and Levine, Paul M. and Lamb, Mila and Ballard, Ryanne K. and Gerben, Stacey R. and Nguyen, Hannah and Kang, Alex and Sankaran, Banumathi and Bera, Asim K. and Volkman, Brian F. and Nivala, Jeff and Stoll, Stefan and Baker, David}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6659}, pages = {754--760}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Design of stimulus-responsive two-state hinge proteins}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adg7731}, volume = {381}, year = {2023}, } @unpublished{14294, abstract = {Growth factors and cytokines signal by binding to the extracellular domains of their receptors and drive association and transphosphorylation of the receptor intracellular tyrosine kinase domains, initiating downstream signaling cascades. To enable systematic exploration of how receptor valency and geometry affects signaling outcomes, we designed cyclic homo-oligomers with up to 8 subunits using repeat protein building blocks that can be modularly extended. By incorporating a de novo designed fibroblast growth-factor receptor (FGFR) binding module into these scaffolds, we generated a series of synthetic signaling ligands that exhibit potent valency- and geometry-dependent Ca2+ release and MAPK pathway activation. The high specificity of the designed agonists reveal distinct roles for two FGFR splice variants in driving endothelial and mesenchymal cell fates during early vascular development. The ability to incorporate receptor binding domains and repeat extensions in a modular fashion makes our designed scaffolds broadly useful for probing and manipulating cellular signaling pathways.}, author = {Edman, Natasha I and Redler, Rachel L and Phal, Ashish and Schlichthaerle, Thomas and Srivatsan, Sanjay R and Etemadi, Ali and An, Seong and Favor, Andrew and Ehnes, Devon and Li, Zhe and Praetorius, Florian M and Gordon, Max and Yang, Wei and Coventry, Brian and Hicks, Derrick R and Cao, Longxing and Bethel, Neville and Heine, Piper and Murray, Analisa N and Gerben, Stacey and Carter, Lauren and Miranda, Marcos and Negahdari, Babak and Lee, Sangwon and Trapnell, Cole and Stewart, Lance and Ekiert, Damian C and Schlessinger, Joseph and Shendure, Jay and Bhabha, Gira and Ruohola-Baker, Hannele and Baker, David}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Modulation of FGF pathway signaling and vascular differentiation using designed oligomeric assemblies}}, doi = {10.1101/2023.03.14.532666}, year = {2023}, } @article{14513, abstract = {Cold atomic gases have become a paradigmatic system for exploring fundamental physics, which at the same time allows for applications in quantum technologies. The accelerating developments in the field have led to a highly advanced set of engineering techniques that, for example, can tune interactions, shape the external geometry, select among a large set of atomic species with different properties, or control the number of atoms. In particular, it is possible to operate in lower dimensions and drive atomic systems into the strongly correlated regime. In this review, we discuss recent advances in few-body cold atom systems confined in low dimensions from a theoretical viewpoint. We mainly focus on bosonic systems in one dimension and provide an introduction to the static properties before we review the state-of-the-art research into quantum dynamical processes stimulated by the presence of correlations. Besides discussing the fundamental physical phenomena arising in these systems, we also provide an overview of the calculational and numerical tools and methods that are commonly used, thus delivering a balanced and comprehensive overview of the field. We conclude by giving an outlook on possible future directions that are interesting to explore in these correlated systems.}, author = {Mistakidis, S. I. and Volosniev, Artem and Barfknecht, R. E. and Fogarty, T. and Busch, Th and Foerster, A. and Schmelcher, P. and Zinner, N. T.}, issn = {0370-1573}, journal = {Physics Reports}, pages = {1--108}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Few-body Bose gases in low dimensions - A laboratory for quantum dynamics}}, doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2023.10.004}, volume = {1042}, year = {2023}, } @misc{12869, abstract = {We introduce a stochastic cellular automaton as a model for culture and border formation. The model can be conceptualized as a game where the expansion rate of cultures is quantified in terms of their area and perimeter in such a way that approximately round cultures get a competitive advantage. We first analyse the model with periodic boundary conditions, where we study how the model can end up in a fixed state, i.e. freezes. Then we implement the model on the European geography with mountains and rivers. We see how the model reproduces some qualitative features of European culture formation, namely that rivers and mountains are more frequently borders between cultures, mountainous regions tend to have higher cultural diversity and the central European plain has less clear cultural borders. }, author = {Klausen, Frederik Ravn and Lauritsen, Asbjørn Bækgaard}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Research data for: A stochastic cellular automaton model of culture formation}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:12869}, year = {2023}, } @article{12890, abstract = {We introduce a stochastic cellular automaton as a model for culture and border formation. The model can be conceptualized as a game where the expansion rate of cultures is quantified in terms of their area and perimeter in such a way that approximately geometrically round cultures get a competitive advantage. We first analyze the model with periodic boundary conditions, where we study how the model can end up in a fixed state, i.e., freezes. Then we implement the model on the European geography with mountains and rivers. We see how the model reproduces some qualitative features of European culture formation, namely, that rivers and mountains are more frequently borders between cultures, mountainous regions tend to have higher cultural diversity, and the central European plain has less clear cultural borders.}, author = {Klausen, Frederik Ravn and Lauritsen, Asbjørn Bækgaard}, issn = {2470-0053}, journal = {Physical Review E}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Stochastic cellular automaton model of culture formation}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.108.054307}, volume = {108}, year = {2023}, } @inproceedings{14516, abstract = {We revisit decentralized random beacons with a focus on practical distributed applications. Decentralized random beacons (Beaver and So, Eurocrypt'93) provide the functionality for n parties to generate an unpredictable sequence of bits in a way that cannot be biased, which is useful for any decentralized protocol requiring trusted randomness. Existing beacon constructions are highly inefficient in practical settings where protocol parties need to rejoin after crashes or disconnections, and more significantly where smart contracts may rely on arbitrary index points in high-volume streams. For this, we introduce a new notion of history-generating decentralized random beacons (HGDRBs). Roughly, the history-generation property of HGDRBs allows for previous beacon outputs to be efficiently generated knowing only the current value and the public key. At application layers, history-generation supports registering a sparser set of on-chain values if desired, so that apps like lotteries can utilize on-chain values without incurring high-frequency costs, enjoying all the benefits of DRBs implemented off-chain or with decoupled, special-purpose chains. Unlike rollups, HG is tailored specifically to recovering and verifying pseudorandom bit sequences and thus enjoys unique optimizations investigated in this work. We introduce STROBE: an efficient HGDRB construction which generalizes the original squaring-based RSA approach of Beaver and So. STROBE enjoys several useful properties that make it suited for practical applications that use beacons: 1) history-generating: it can regenerate and verify high-throughput beacon streams, supporting sparse (thus cost-effective) ledger entries; 2) concisely self-verifying: NIZK-free, with state and validation employing a single ring element; 3) eco-friendly: stake-based rather than work based; 4) unbounded: refresh-free, addressing limitations of Beaver and So; 5) delay-free: results are immediately available. 6) storage-efficient: the last beacon suffices to derive all past outputs, thus O(1) storage requirements for nodes serving the whole history.}, author = {Beaver, Donald and Kelkar, Mahimna and Lewi, Kevin and Nikolaenko, Valeria and Sonnino, Alberto and Chalkias, Konstantinos and Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios and Naurois, Ladi De and Roy, Arnab}, booktitle = {5th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies}, isbn = {9783959773034}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Princeton, NJ, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{STROBE: Streaming Threshold Random Beacons}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.AFT.2023.7}, volume = {282}, year = {2023}, } @article{14517, abstract = {State-of-the-art transmon qubits rely on large capacitors, which systematically improve their coherence due to reduced surface-loss participation. However, this approach increases both the footprint and the parasitic cross-coupling and is ultimately limited by radiation losses—a potential roadblock for scaling up quantum processors to millions of qubits. In this work we present transmon qubits with sizes as low as 36 × 39 µm2 with 100-nm-wide vacuum-gap capacitors that are micromachined from commercial silicon-on-insulator wafers and shadow evaporated with aluminum. We achieve a vacuum participation ratio up to 99.6% in an in-plane design that is compatible with standard coplanar circuits. Qubit relaxationtime measurements for small gaps with high zero-point electric field variance of up to 22 V/m reveal a double exponential decay indicating comparably strong qubit interaction with long-lived two-level systems. The exceptionally high selectivity of up to 20 dB to the superconductor-vacuum interface allows us to precisely back out the sub-single-photon dielectric loss tangent of aluminum oxide previously exposed to ambient conditions. In terms of future scaling potential, we achieve a ratio of qubit quality factor to a footprint area equal to 20 µm−2, which is comparable with the highest T1 devices relying on larger geometries, a value that could improve substantially for lower surface-loss superconductors. }, author = {Zemlicka, Martin and Redchenko, Elena and Peruzzo, Matilda and Hassani, Farid and Trioni, Andrea and Barzanjeh, Shabir and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {2331-7019}, journal = {Physical Review Applied}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Compact vacuum-gap transmon qubits: Selective and sensitive probes for superconductor surface losses}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.044054}, volume = {20}, year = {2023}, } @article{14515, abstract = {Most natural and engineered information-processing systems transmit information via signals that vary in time. Computing the information transmission rate or the information encoded in the temporal characteristics of these signals requires the mutual information between the input and output signals as a function of time, i.e., between the input and output trajectories. Yet, this is notoriously difficult because of the high-dimensional nature of the trajectory space, and all existing techniques require approximations. We present an exact Monte Carlo technique called path weight sampling (PWS) that, for the first time, makes it possible to compute the mutual information between input and output trajectories for any stochastic system that is described by a master equation. The principal idea is to use the master equation to evaluate the exact conditional probability of an individual output trajectory for a given input trajectory and average this via Monte Carlo sampling in trajectory space to obtain the mutual information. We present three variants of PWS, which all generate the trajectories using the standard stochastic simulation algorithm. While direct PWS is a brute-force method, Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth PWS exploits the analogy between signal trajectory sampling and polymer sampling, and thermodynamic integration PWS is based on a reversible work calculation in trajectory space. PWS also makes it possible to compute the mutual information between input and output trajectories for systems with hidden internal states as well as systems with feedback from output to input. Applying PWS to the bacterial chemotaxis system, consisting of 182 coupled chemical reactions, demonstrates not only that the scheme is highly efficient but also that the number of receptor clusters is much smaller than hitherto believed, while their size is much larger.}, author = {Reinhardt, Manuel and Tkačik, Gašper and Ten Wolde, Pieter Rein}, issn = {2160-3308}, journal = {Physical Review X}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Path weight sampling: Exact Monte Carlo computation of the mutual information between stochastic trajectories}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.13.041017}, volume = {13}, year = {2023}, }