@article{1923, abstract = {We derive the equations for a thin, axisymmetric elastic shell subjected to an internal active stress giving rise to active tension and moments within the shell. We discuss the stability of a cylindrical elastic shell and its response to a localized change in internal active stress. This description is relevant to describe the cellular actomyosin cortex, a thin shell at the cell surface behaving elastically at a short timescale and subjected to active internal forces arising from myosin molecular motor activity. We show that the recent observations of cell deformation following detachment of adherent cells (Maître J-L et al 2012 Science 338 253-6) are well accounted for by this mechanical description. The actin cortex elastic and bending moduli can be obtained from a quantitative analysis of cell shapes observed in these experiments. Our approach thus provides a non-invasive, imaging-based method for the extraction of cellular physical parameters.}, author = {Berthoumieux, Hélène and Maître, Jean-Léon and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J and Paluch, Ewa and Julicher, Frank and Salbreux, Guillaume}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd.}, title = {{Active elastic thin shell theory for cellular deformations}}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/16/6/065005}, volume = {16}, year = {2014}, } @article{1921, abstract = {Cell polarity manifested by asymmetric distribution of cargoes, such as receptors and transporters, within the plasma membrane (PM) is crucial for essential functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, cell polarity (re)establishment is intimately linked to patterning processes. Despite the importance of cell polarity, its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, including the definition and distinctiveness of the polar domains within the PM. Here, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that the signaling membrane components, the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4, 5)P2] as well as PtdIns4P 5-kinases mediating their interconversion, are specifically enriched at apical and basal polar plasma membrane domains. The PtdIns4P 5-kinases PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are redundantly required for polar localization of specifically apical and basal cargoes, such as PIN-FORMED transporters for the plant hormone auxin. As a consequence of the polarity defects, instructive auxin gradients as well as embryonic and postembryonic patterning are severely compromised. Furthermore, auxin itself regulates PIP5K transcription and PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4, 5)P2 levels, in particular their association with polar PM domains. Our results provide insight into the polar domain-delineating mechanisms in plant cells that depend on apical and basal distribution of membrane lipids and are essential for embryonic and postembryonic patterning.}, author = {Tejos, Ricardo and Sauer, Michael and Vanneste, Steffen and Palacios-Gomez, MiriamPalacios and Li, Hongjiang and Heilmann, Mareike and Van Wijk, Ringo and Vermeer, Joop and Heilmann, Ingo and Munnik, Teun and Friml, Jirí}, journal = {Plant Cell}, number = {5}, pages = {2114 -- 2128}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Bipolar plasma membrane distribution of phosphoinositides and their requirement for auxin-mediated cell polarity and patterning in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.114.126185}, volume = {26}, year = {2014}, } @article{1922, abstract = {Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross-talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross-talk with ethylene in hook development. An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer. We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR-mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening. Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high-resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene- and BR-mediated postponement of hook opening.}, author = {Smet, Dajo and Žádníková, Petra and Vandenbussche, Filip and Benková, Eva and Van Der Straeten, Dominique}, journal = {New Phytologist}, number = {4}, pages = {1398 -- 1411}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, title = {{Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: The case of brassinosteroids}}, doi = {10.1111/nph.12751}, volume = {202}, year = {2014}, } @inproceedings{1927, abstract = {Constrained pseudorandom functions have recently been introduced independently by Boneh and Waters (Asiacrypt’13), Kiayias et al. (CCS’13), and Boyle et al. (PKC’14). In a standard pseudorandom function (PRF) a key k is used to evaluate the PRF on all inputs in the domain. Constrained PRFs additionally offer the functionality to delegate “constrained” keys kS which allow to evaluate the PRF only on a subset S of the domain. The three above-mentioned papers all show that the classical GGM construction (J.ACM’86) of a PRF from a pseudorandom generator (PRG) directly yields a constrained PRF where one can compute constrained keys to evaluate the PRF on all inputs with a given prefix. This constrained PRF has already found many interesting applications. Unfortunately, the existing security proofs only show selective security (by a reduction to the security of the underlying PRG). To achieve full security, one has to use complexity leveraging, which loses an exponential factor 2N in security, where N is the input length. The first contribution of this paper is a new reduction that only loses a quasipolynomial factor qlog N, where q is the number of adversarial queries. For this we develop a new proof technique which constructs a distinguisher by interleaving simple guessing steps and hybrid arguments a small number of times. This approach might be of interest also in other contexts where currently the only technique to achieve full security is complexity leveraging. Our second contribution is concerned with another constrained PRF, due to Boneh and Waters, which allows for constrained keys for the more general class of bit-fixing functions. Their security proof also suffers from a 2N loss, which we show is inherent. We construct a meta-reduction which shows that any “simple” reduction of full security from a noninteractive hardness assumption must incur an exponential security loss.}, author = {Georg Fuchsbauer and Konstantinov, Momchil and Krzysztof Pietrzak and Rao, Vanishree}, pages = {173 -- 192}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Adaptive security of constrained PRFs}}, doi = {10.1145/2591796.2591825}, volume = {8874}, year = {2014}, } @article{1926, abstract = {We consider cross products of finite graphs with a class of trees that have arbitrarily but finitely long line segments, such as the Fibonacci tree. Such cross products are called tree-strips. We prove that for small disorder random Schrödinger operators on such tree-strips have purely absolutely continuous spectrum in a certain set.}, author = {Sadel, Christian}, journal = {Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry}, number = {3-4}, pages = {409 -- 440}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Absolutely continuous spectrum for random Schrödinger operators on the Fibonacci and similar Tree-strips}}, doi = {10.1007/s11040-014-9163-4}, volume = {17}, year = {2014}, }