@article{8539, abstract = {Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of KostantKumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.}, author = {Su, C. and Zhao, Gufang and Zhong, C.}, issn = {0012-9593}, journal = {Annales Scientifiques de l'Ecole Normale Superieure}, number = {3}, pages = {663--671}, publisher = {Société Mathématique de France}, title = {{On the K-theory stable bases of the springer resolution}}, doi = {10.24033/asens.2431}, volume = {53}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{14000, abstract = {This chapter presents an overview of the state of the art in attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The theoretical foundations of strong-field light–matter interaction and attosecond pulse generation are described. The enabling laser technologies are reviewed from chirped-pulse amplification and carrier-envelope-phase stabilization to the generation and characterization of attosecond pulses. The applications of attosecond pulses and pulse trains in electron- or ion-imaging experiments are presented, followed by attosecond electron spectroscopy in larger molecules. After this, high-harmonic spectroscopy and its applications to probing charge migration on attosecond time scales is reviewed. The rapidly evolving field of molecular photoionization delays is discussed. Finally, the applications of attosecond transient absorption to probing molecular dynamics are presented.}, author = {Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and Wörner, Hans Jakob}, booktitle = {Molecular Spectroscopy and Quantum Dynamics}, editor = {Marquardt, Roberto and Quack, Martin}, isbn = {9780128172353}, pages = {113--161}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Attosecond Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy}}, doi = {10.1016/b978-0-12-817234-6.00009-x}, year = {2020}, } @misc{13056, abstract = {This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article "Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.}, author = {Arnold, Georg M and Wulf, Matthias and Barzanjeh, Shabir and Redchenko, Elena and Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R and Hease, William J and Hassani, Farid and Fink, Johannes M}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.3961561}, year = {2020}, } @article{8579, abstract = {Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for all living organisms and used as cofactor in key enzymes of important biological processes, such as aerobic respiration or superoxide dismutation. However, due to its toxicity, cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for Cu homeostasis, which balance Cu supply for cuproprotein biogenesis with the need to remove excess Cu. This review summarizes our current knowledge on bacterial Cu homeostasis with a focus on Gram-negative bacteria and describes the multiple strategies that bacteria use for uptake, storage and export of Cu. We furthermore describe general mechanistic principles that aid the bacterial response to toxic Cu concentrations and illustrate dedicated Cu relay systems that facilitate Cu delivery for cuproenzyme biogenesis. Progress in understanding how bacteria avoid Cu poisoning while maintaining a certain Cu quota for cell proliferation is of particular importance for microbial pathogens because Cu is utilized by the host immune system for attenuating pathogen survival in host cells.}, author = {Andrei, Andreea and Öztürk, Yavuz and Khalfaoui-Hassani, Bahia and Rauch, Juna and Marckmann, Dorian and Trasnea, Petru Iulian and Daldal, Fevzi and Koch, Hans-Georg}, issn = {20770375}, journal = {Membranes}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Cu homeostasis in bacteria: The ins and outs}}, doi = {10.3390/membranes10090242}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{8581, abstract = {The majority of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) powering cellular processes in eukaryotes is produced by the mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase. Here, we present the atomic models of the membrane Fo domain and the entire mammalian (ovine) F1Fo, determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Subunits in the membrane domain are arranged in the ‘proton translocation cluster’ attached to the c-ring and a more distant ‘hook apparatus’ holding subunit e. Unexpectedly, this subunit is anchored to a lipid ‘plug’ capping the c-ring. We present a detailed proton translocation pathway in mammalian Fo and key inter-monomer contacts in F1Fo multimers. Cryo-EM maps of F1Fo exposed to calcium reveal a retracted subunit e and a disassembled c-ring, suggesting permeability transition pore opening. We propose a model for the permeability transition pore opening, whereby subunit e pulls the lipid plug out of the c-ring. Our structure will allow the design of drugs for many emerging applications in medicine.}, author = {Pinke, Gergely and Zhou, Long and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {15459985}, journal = {Nature Structural and Molecular Biology}, number = {11}, pages = {1077--1085}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cryo-EM structure of the entire mammalian F-type ATP synthase}}, doi = {10.1038/s41594-020-0503-8}, volume = {27}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8580, abstract = {We evaluate the usefulness of persistent homology in the analysis of heart rate variability. In our approach we extract several topological descriptors characterising datasets of RR-intervals, which are later used in classical machine learning algorithms. By this method we are able to differentiate the group of patients with the history of transient ischemic attack and the group of hypertensive patients.}, author = {Graff, Grzegorz and Graff, Beata and Jablonski, Grzegorz and Narkiewicz, Krzysztof}, booktitle = {11th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations: Computation and Modelling in Physiology: New Challenges and Opportunities, }, isbn = {9781728157511}, location = {Pisa, Italy}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{The application of persistent homology in the analysis of heart rate variability}}, doi = {10.1109/ESGCO49734.2020.9158054}, year = {2020}, } @article{8592, abstract = {Glioblastoma is the most malignant cancer in the brain and currently incurable. It is urgent to identify effective targets for this lethal disease. Inhibition of such targets should suppress the growth of cancer cells and, ideally also precancerous cells for early prevention, but minimally affect their normal counterparts. Using genetic mouse models with neural stem cells (NSCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cells‐of‐origin/mutation, it is shown that the susceptibility of cells within the development hierarchy of glioma to the knockout of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) is determined not only by their oncogenic states, but also by their cell identities/states. Knockout of IGF1R selectively disrupts the growth of mutant and transformed, but not normal OPCs, or NSCs. The desirable outcome of IGF1R knockout on cell growth requires the mutant cells to commit to the OPC identity regardless of its development hierarchical status. At the molecular level, oncogenic mutations reprogram the cellular network of OPCs and force them to depend more on IGF1R for their growth. A new‐generation brain‐penetrable, orally available IGF1R inhibitor harnessing tumor OPCs in the brain is also developed. The findings reveal the cellular window of IGF1R targeting and establish IGF1R as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.}, author = {Tian, Anhao and Kang, Bo and Li, Baizhou and Qiu, Biying and Jiang, Wenhong and Shao, Fangjie and Gao, Qingqing and Liu, Rui and Cai, Chengwei and Jing, Rui and Wang, Wei and Chen, Pengxiang and Liang, Qinghui and Bao, Lili and Man, Jianghong and Wang, Yan and Shi, Yu and Li, Jin and Yang, Minmin and Wang, Lisha and Zhang, Jianmin and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Zhu, Junming and Bian, Xiuwu and Wang, Ying‐Jie and Liu, Chong}, issn = {2198-3844}, journal = {Advanced Science}, keywords = {General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, General Materials Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)}, number = {21}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Oncogenic state and cell identity combinatorially dictate the susceptibility of cells within glioma development hierarchy to IGF1R targeting}}, doi = {10.1002/advs.202001724}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, } @article{8568, abstract = {Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.}, author = {Prehal, Christian and Fitzek, Harald and Kothleitner, Gerald and Presser, Volker and Gollas, Bernhard and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Abbas, Qamar}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8643, abstract = {The parabigeminal nucleus (PBG) is the mammalian homologue to the isthmic complex of other vertebrates. Optogenetic stimulation of the PBG induces freezing and escape in mice, a result thought to be caused by a PBG projection to the central nucleus of the amygdala. However, the isthmic complex, including the PBG, has been classically considered satellite nuclei of the Superior Colliculus (SC), which upon stimulation of its medial part also triggers fear and avoidance reactions. As the PBG-SC connectivity is not well characterized, we investigated whether the topology of the PBG projection to the SC could be related to the behavioral consequences of PBG stimulation. To that end, we performed immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and neural tracer injections in the SC and PBG in a diurnal rodent, the Octodon degus. We found that all PBG neurons expressed both glutamatergic and cholinergic markers and were distributed in clearly defined anterior (aPBG) and posterior (pPBG) subdivisions. The pPBG is connected reciprocally and topographically to the ipsilateral SC, whereas the aPBG receives afferent axons from the ipsilateral SC and projected exclusively to the contralateral SC. This contralateral projection forms a dense field of terminals that is restricted to the medial SC, in correspondence with the SC representation of the aerial binocular field which, we also found, in O. degus prompted escape reactions upon looming stimulation. Therefore, this specialized topography allows binocular interactions in the SC region controlling responses to aerial predators, suggesting a link between the mechanisms by which the SC and PBG produce defensive behaviors.}, author = {Deichler, Alfonso and Carrasco, Denisse and Lopez-Jury, Luciana and Vega Zuniga, Tomas A and Marquez, Natalia and Mpodozis, Jorge and Marin, Gonzalo}, issn = {20452322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A specialized reciprocal connectivity suggests a link between the mechanisms by which the superior colliculus and parabigeminal nucleus produce defensive behaviors in rodents}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-72848-0}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{8645, abstract = {Epistasis, the context-dependence of the contribution of an amino acid substitution to fitness, is common in evolution. To detect epistasis, fitness must be measured for at least four genotypes: the reference genotype, two different single mutants and a double mutant with both of the single mutations. For higher-order epistasis of the order n, fitness has to be measured for all 2n genotypes of an n-dimensional hypercube in genotype space forming a ‘combinatorially complete dataset’. So far, only a handful of such datasets have been produced by manual curation. Concurrently, random mutagenesis experiments have produced measurements of fitness and other phenotypes in a high-throughput manner, potentially containing a number of combinatorially complete datasets. We present an effective recursive algorithm for finding all hypercube structures in random mutagenesis experimental data. To test the algorithm, we applied it to the data from a recent HIS3 protein dataset and found all 199 847 053 unique combinatorially complete genotype combinations of dimensionality ranging from 2 to 12. The algorithm may be useful for researchers looking for higher-order epistasis in their high-throughput experimental data.}, author = {Esteban, Laura A and Lonishin, Lyubov R and Bobrovskiy, Daniil M and Leleytner, Gregory and Bogatyreva, Natalya S and Kondrashov, Fyodor and Ivankov, Dmitry N }, issn = {1460-2059}, journal = {Bioinformatics}, number = {6}, pages = {1960--1962}, publisher = {Oxford Academic}, title = {{HypercubeME: Two hundred million combinatorially complete datasets from a single experiment}}, doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btz841}, volume = {36}, year = {2020}, }