@article{13093, abstract = {The direct, solid state, and reversible conversion between heat and electricity using thermoelectric devices finds numerous potential uses, especially around room temperature. However, the relatively high material processing cost limits their real applications. Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is one of the very few n-type thermoelectric (TE) materials for room-temperature applications. Herein, we report a room temperature, fast, and aqueous-phase synthesis approach to produce Ag2Se, which can be extended to other metal chalcogenides. These materials reach TE figures of merit (zT) of up to 0.76 at 380 K. To improve these values, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles also prepared in an aqueous solution are incorporated into the Ag2Se matrix. In this way, a series of Ag2Se/Bi2S3 composites with Bi2S3 wt % of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 are prepared by solution blending and hot-press sintering. The presence of Bi2S3 significantly improves the Seebeck coefficient and power factor while at the same time decreasing the thermal conductivity with no apparent drop in electrical conductivity. Thus, a maximum zT value of 0.96 is achieved in the composites with 1.0 wt % Bi2S3 at 370 K. Furthermore, a high average zT value (zTave) of 0.93 in the 300–390 K range is demonstrated.}, author = {Nan, Bingfei and Li, Mengyao and Zhang, Yu and Xiao, Ke and Lim, Khak Ho and Chang, Cheng and Han, Xu and Zuo, Yong and Li, Junshan and Arbiol, Jordi and Llorca, Jordi and Ibáñez, Maria and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {2637-6113}, journal = {ACS Applied Electronic Materials}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Engineering of thermoelectric composites based on silver selenide in aqueous solution and ambient temperature}}, doi = {10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055}, year = {2023}, } @article{13091, abstract = {We use a function field version of the Hardy–Littlewood circle method to study the locus of free rational curves on an arbitrary smooth projective hypersurface of sufficiently low degree. On the one hand this allows us to bound the dimension of the singular locus of the moduli space of rational curves on such hypersurfaces and, on the other hand, it sheds light on Peyre’s reformulation of the Batyrev–Manin conjecture in terms of slopes with respect to the tangent bundle.}, author = {Browning, Timothy D and Sawin, Will}, issn = {1944-7833}, journal = {Algebra and Number Theory}, number = {3}, pages = {719--748}, publisher = {Mathematical Sciences Publishers}, title = {{Free rational curves on low degree hypersurfaces and the circle method}}, doi = {10.2140/ant.2023.17.719}, volume = {17}, year = {2023}, } @article{13117, abstract = {The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.}, author = {Redchenko, Elena and Poshakinskiy, Alexander V. and Sett, Riya and Zemlicka, Martin and Poddubny, Alexander N. and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6}, volume = {14}, year = {2023}, } @article{13106, abstract = {Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.}, author = {Sahu, Rishabh and Qiu, Liu and Hease, William J and Arnold, Georg M and Minoguchi, Y. and Rabl, P. and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {Multidisciplinary}, number = {6646}, pages = {718--721}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Entangling microwaves with light}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adg3812}, volume = {380}, year = {2023}, } @article{13129, abstract = {We study the representative volume element (RVE) method, which is a method to approximately infer the effective behavior ahom of a stationary random medium. The latter is described by a coefficient field a(x) generated from a given ensemble ⟨⋅⟩ and the corresponding linear elliptic operator −∇⋅a∇. In line with the theory of homogenization, the method proceeds by computing d=3 correctors (d denoting the space dimension). To be numerically tractable, this computation has to be done on a finite domain: the so-called representative volume element, i.e., a large box with, say, periodic boundary conditions. The main message of this article is: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations. By this, we mean that it is better to sample from a suitably periodized ensemble than to periodically extend the restriction of a realization a(x) from the whole-space ensemble ⟨⋅⟩. We make this point by investigating the bias (or systematic error), i.e., the difference between ahom and the expected value of the RVE method, in terms of its scaling w.r.t. the lateral size L of the box. In case of periodizing a(x), we heuristically argue that this error is generically O(L−1). In case of a suitable periodization of ⟨⋅⟩ , we rigorously show that it is O(L−d). In fact, we give a characterization of the leading-order error term for both strategies and argue that even in the isotropic case it is generically non-degenerate. We carry out the rigorous analysis in the convenient setting of ensembles ⟨⋅⟩ of Gaussian type, which allow for a straightforward periodization, passing via the (integrable) covariance function. This setting has also the advantage of making the Price theorem and the Malliavin calculus available for optimal stochastic estimates of correctors. We actually need control of second-order correctors to capture the leading-order error term. This is due to inversion symmetry when applying the two-scale expansion to the Green function. As a bonus, we present a stream-lined strategy to estimate the error in a higher-order two-scale expansion of the Green function.}, author = {Clozeau, Nicolas and Josien, Marc and Otto, Felix and Xu, Qiang}, issn = {1615-3383}, journal = {Foundations of Computational Mathematics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Bias in the representative volume element method: Periodize the ensemble instead of its realizations}}, doi = {10.1007/s10208-023-09613-y}, year = {2023}, } @misc{13124, abstract = {This dataset comprises all data shown in the figures of the submitted article "Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits" at arXiv:2205.03293. Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.}, author = {Redchenko, Elena and Poshakinskiy, Alexander and Sett, Riya and Zemlicka, Martin and Poddubny, Alexander and Fink, Johannes M}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.7858567}, year = {2023}, } @misc{13122, abstract = {Data for submitted article "Entangling microwaves with light" at arXiv:2301.03315v1}, author = {Sahu, Rishabh}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Entangling microwaves with light}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.7789417}, year = {2023}, } @article{13166, abstract = {Brachyury, a member of T-box gene family, is widely known for its major role in mesoderm specification in bilaterians. It is also present in non-bilaterian metazoans, such as cnidarians, where it acts as a component of an axial patterning system. In this study, we present a phylogenetic analysis of Brachyury genes within phylum Cnidaria, investigate differential expression and address a functional framework of Brachyury paralogs in hydrozoan Dynamena pumila. Our analysis indicates two duplication events of Brachyury within the cnidarian lineage. The first duplication likely appeared in the medusozoan ancestor, resulting in two copies in medusozoans, while the second duplication arose in the hydrozoan ancestor, resulting in three copies in hydrozoans. Brachyury1 and 2 display a conservative expression pattern marking the oral pole of the body axis in D. pumila. On the contrary, Brachyury3 expression was detected in scattered presumably nerve cells of the D. pumila larva. Pharmacological modulations indicated that Brachyury3 is not under regulation of cWnt signaling in contrast to the other two Brachyury genes. Divergence in expression patterns and regulation suggest neofunctionalization of Brachyury3 in hydrozoans.}, author = {Vetrova, Alexandra A. and Kupaeva, Daria M. and Kizenko, Alena and Lebedeva, Tatiana S. and Walentek, Peter and Tsikolia, Nikoloz and Kremnyov, Stanislav V.}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The evolutionary history of Brachyury genes in Hydrozoa involves duplications, divergence, and neofunctionalization}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-35979-8}, volume = {13}, year = {2023}, } @article{13138, abstract = {We consider the spin- 1 2 Heisenberg chain (XXX model) weakly perturbed away from integrability by an isotropic next-to-nearest neighbor exchange interaction. Recently, it was conjectured that this model possesses an infinite tower of quasiconserved integrals of motion (charges) [D. Kurlov et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, 104302 (2022)]. In this work we first test this conjecture by investigating how the norm of the adiabatic gauge potential (AGP) scales with the system size, which is known to be a remarkably accurate measure of chaos. We find that for the perturbed XXX chain the behavior of the AGP norm corresponds to neither an integrable nor a chaotic regime, which supports the conjectured quasi-integrability of the model. We then prove the conjecture and explicitly construct the infinite set of quasiconserved charges. Our proof relies on the fact that the XXX chain perturbed by next-to-nearest exchange interaction can be viewed as a truncation of an integrable long-range deformation of the Heisenberg spin chain.}, author = {Orlov, Pavel and Tiutiakina, Anastasiia and Sharipov, Rustem and Petrova, Elena and Gritsev, Vladimir and Kurlov, Denis V.}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {18}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Adiabatic eigenstate deformations and weak integrability breaking of Heisenberg chain}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.107.184312}, volume = {107}, year = {2023}, } @article{13213, abstract = {The primary cell wall is a fundamental plant constituent that is flexible but sufficiently rigid to support the plant cell shape. Although many studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as important signaling messengers to modify the cell wall structure and affect cellular growth, the regulatory mechanism underlying the spatial-temporal regulation of ROS activity for cell wall maintenance remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate the role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) multicopper oxidase-like protein skewed 5 (SKU5) and its homolog SKU5-similar 1 (SKS1) in root cell wall formation through modulating ROS homeostasis. Loss of SKU5 and SKS1 function resulted in aberrant division planes, protruding cell walls, ectopic deposition of iron, and reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent ROS overproduction in the root epidermis–cortex and cortex–endodermis junctions. A decrease in ROS level or inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity rescued the cell wall defects of sku5 sks1 double mutants. SKU5 and SKS1 proteins were activated by iron treatment, and iron over-accumulated in the walls between the root epidermis and cortex cell layers of sku5 sks1. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored motif was crucial for membrane association and functionality of SKU5 and SKS1. Overall, our results identified SKU5 and SKS1 as regulators of ROS at the cell surface for regulation of cell wall structure and root cell growth.}, author = {Chen, C and Zhang, Y and Cai, J and Qiu, Y and Li, L and Gao, C and Gao, Y and Ke, M and Wu, S and Wei, C and Chen, J and Xu, T and Friml, Jiří and Wang, J and Li, R and Chao, D and Zhang, B and Chen, X and Gao, Z}, issn = {1532-2548}, journal = {Plant Physiology}, number = {3}, pages = {2243--2260}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Multi-copper oxidases SKU5 and SKS1 coordinate cell wall formation using apoplastic redox-based reactions in roots}}, doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiad207}, volume = {192}, year = {2023}, }