--- _id: '2073' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Background: Drosophila albomicans is a unique model organism for studying both sex chromosome and B chromosome evolution. A pair of its autosomes comprising roughly 40% of the whole genome has fused to the ancient X and Y chromosomes only about 0.12 million years ago, thereby creating the youngest and most gene-rich neo-sex system reported to date. This species also possesses recently derived B chromosomes that show non-Mendelian inheritance and significantly influence fertility.Methods: We sequenced male flies with B chromosomes at 124.5-fold genome coverage using next-generation sequencing. To characterize neo-Y specific changes and B chromosome sequences, we also sequenced inbred female flies derived from the same strain but without B''s at 28.5-fold.Results: We assembled a female genome and placed 53% of the sequence and 85% of the annotated proteins into specific chromosomes, by comparison with the 12 Drosophila genomes. Despite its very recent origin, the non-recombining neo-Y chromosome shows various signs of degeneration, including a significant enrichment of non-functional genes compared to the neo-X, and an excess of tandem duplications relative to other chromosomes. We also characterized a B-chromosome linked scaffold that contains an actively transcribed unit and shows sequence similarity to the subcentromeric regions of both the ancient X and the neo-X chromosome.Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the very early stages of sex chromosome evolution and B chromosome origination, and suggest an unprecedented connection between the births of these two systems in D. albomicans.' author: - first_name: Qi full_name: Zhou, Qi last_name: Zhou - first_name: Hongmei full_name: Zhu, Hongmei last_name: Zhu - first_name: Quanfei full_name: Huang, Quanfei last_name: Huang - first_name: Li full_name: Zhao, Li last_name: Zhao - first_name: Guo full_name: Zhang, Guo J last_name: Zhang - first_name: Scott full_name: Roy, Scott W last_name: Roy - first_name: Beatriz full_name: Beatriz Vicoso id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Vicoso orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - first_name: Zhaolin full_name: Xuan, Zhaolin last_name: Xuan - first_name: Jue full_name: Ruan, Jue last_name: Ruan - first_name: Yue full_name: Zhang, Yue last_name: Zhang - first_name: Ruoping full_name: Zhao, Ruoping last_name: Zhao - first_name: Chen full_name: Ye, Chen last_name: Ye - first_name: Xiuqing full_name: Zhang, Xiuqing last_name: Zhang - first_name: Jùn full_name: Wang, Jùn last_name: Wang - first_name: Wen full_name: Wang, Wen last_name: Wang - first_name: Doris full_name: Bachtrog, Doris last_name: Bachtrog citation: ama: Zhou Q, Zhu H, Huang Q, et al. Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans. BMC Genomics. 2012;13(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-109 apa: Zhou, Q., Zhu, H., Huang, Q., Zhao, L., Zhang, G., Roy, S., … Bachtrog, D. (2012). Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans. BMC Genomics. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-109 chicago: Zhou, Qi, Hongmei Zhu, Quanfei Huang, Li Zhao, Guo Zhang, Scott Roy, Beatriz Vicoso, et al. “Deciphering Neo-Sex and B Chromosome Evolution by the Draft Genome of Drosophila Albomicans.” BMC Genomics. BioMed Central, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-109. ieee: Q. Zhou et al., “Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans,” BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. 1. BioMed Central, 2012. ista: Zhou Q, Zhu H, Huang Q, Zhao L, Zhang G, Roy S, Vicoso B, Xuan Z, Ruan J, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Ye C, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang W, Bachtrog D. 2012. Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans. BMC Genomics. 13(1). mla: Zhou, Qi, et al. “Deciphering Neo-Sex and B Chromosome Evolution by the Draft Genome of Drosophila Albomicans.” BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. 1, BioMed Central, 2012, doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-109. short: Q. Zhou, H. Zhu, Q. Huang, L. Zhao, G. Zhang, S. Roy, B. Vicoso, Z. Xuan, J. Ruan, Y. Zhang, R. Zhao, C. Ye, X. Zhang, J. Wang, W. Wang, D. Bachtrog, BMC Genomics 13 (2012). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:33Z date_published: 2012-03-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:08Z day: '22' doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-109 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 13' issue: '1' license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '03' publication: BMC Genomics publication_status: published publisher: BioMed Central publist_id: '4965' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article volume: 13 year: '2012' ... --- _id: '2079' abstract: - lang: eng text: We introduce an algorithm and representation for fabricating 3D shape abstractions using mutually intersecting planar cut-outs. The planes have prefabricated slits at their intersections and are assembled by sliding them together. Often such abstractions are used as a sculptural art form or in architecture and are colloquially called ‘cardboard sculptures’. Based on an analysis of construction rules, we propose an extended binary space partitioning tree as an efficient representation of such cardboard models which allows us to quickly evaluate the feasibility of newly added planar elements. The complexity of insertion order quickly increases with the number of planar elements and manual analysis becomes intractable. We provide tools for generating cardboard sculptures with guaranteed constructibility. In combination with a simple optimization and sampling strategy for new elements, planar shape abstraction models can be designed by iteratively adding elements. As an output, we obtain a fabrication plan that can be printed or sent to a laser cutter. We demonstrate the complete process by designing and fabricating cardboard models of various well-known 3D shapes. author: - first_name: Kristian full_name: Hildebrand, Kristian last_name: Hildebrand - first_name: Bernd full_name: Bernd Bickel id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bickel orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385 - first_name: Marc full_name: Alexa, Marc last_name: Alexa citation: ama: 'Hildebrand K, Bickel B, Alexa M. crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices. Computer Graphics Forum. 2012;31(2pt3):583-592. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x' apa: 'Hildebrand, K., Bickel, B., & Alexa, M. (2012). crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices. Computer Graphics Forum. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x' chicago: 'Hildebrand, Kristian, Bernd Bickel, and Marc Alexa. “Crdbrd: Shape Fabrication by Sliding Planar Slices.” Computer Graphics Forum. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x.' ieee: 'K. Hildebrand, B. Bickel, and M. Alexa, “crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices,” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 31, no. 2pt3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 583–592, 2012.' ista: 'Hildebrand K, Bickel B, Alexa M. 2012. crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices. Computer Graphics Forum. 31(2pt3), 583–592.' mla: 'Hildebrand, Kristian, et al. “Crdbrd: Shape Fabrication by Sliding Planar Slices.” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 31, no. 2pt3, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, pp. 583–92, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x.' short: K. Hildebrand, B. Bickel, M. Alexa, Computer Graphics Forum 31 (2012) 583–592. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:35Z date_published: 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:10Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03037.x extern: 1 intvolume: ' 31' issue: 2pt3 month: '05' page: 583 - 592 publication: Computer Graphics Forum publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '4959' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: 'crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices' type: journal_article volume: 31 year: '2012' ... --- _id: '2103' abstract: - lang: eng text: Although facial hair plays an important role in individual expression, facial-hair reconstruction is not addressed by current facecapture systems. Our research addresses this limitation with an algorithm that treats hair and skin surface capture together in a coupled fashion so that a high-quality representation of hair fibers as well as the underlying skin surface can be reconstructed. We propose a passive, camera-based system that is robust against arbitrary motion since all data is acquired within the time period of a single exposure. Our reconstruction algorithm detects and traces hairs in the captured images and reconstructs them in 3D using a multiview stereo approach. Our coupled skin-reconstruction algorithm uses information about the detected hairs to deliver a skin surface that lies underneath all hairs irrespective of occlusions. In dense regions like eyebrows, we employ a hair-synthesis method to create hair fibers that plausibly match the image data. We demonstrate our scanning system on a number of individuals and show that it can successfully reconstruct a variety of facial-hair styles together with the underlying skin surface. author: - first_name: Thabo full_name: Beeler, Thabo last_name: Beeler - first_name: Bernd full_name: Bernd Bickel id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bickel orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385 - first_name: Gioacchino full_name: Noris, Gioacchino last_name: Noris - first_name: Paul full_name: Beardsley, Paul A last_name: Beardsley - first_name: Steve full_name: Marschner, Steve last_name: Marschner - first_name: Robert full_name: Sumner, Robert W last_name: Sumner - first_name: Markus full_name: Groß, Markus S last_name: Groß citation: ama: Beeler T, Bickel B, Noris G, et al. Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 2012;31(4). doi:10.1145/2185520.2185613 apa: Beeler, T., Bickel, B., Noris, G., Beardsley, P., Marschner, S., Sumner, R., & Groß, M. (2012). Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin. ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185613 chicago: Beeler, Thabo, Bernd Bickel, Gioacchino Noris, Paul Beardsley, Steve Marschner, Robert Sumner, and Markus Groß. “Coupled 3D Reconstruction of Sparse Facial Hair and Skin.” ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185613. ieee: T. Beeler et al., “Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4. ACM, 2012. ista: Beeler T, Bickel B, Noris G, Beardsley P, Marschner S, Sumner R, Groß M. 2012. Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 31(4). mla: Beeler, Thabo, et al. “Coupled 3D Reconstruction of Sparse Facial Hair and Skin.” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4, ACM, 2012, doi:10.1145/2185520.2185613. short: T. Beeler, B. Bickel, G. Noris, P. Beardsley, S. Marschner, R. Sumner, M. Groß, ACM Transactions on Graphics 31 (2012). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:44Z date_published: 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:20Z day: '01' doi: 10.1145/2185520.2185613 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 31' issue: '4' month: '01' publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '4932' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin type: journal_article volume: 31 year: '2012' ... --- _id: '2101' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Articulated deformable characters are widespread in computer animation. Unfortunately, we lack methods for their automatic fabrication using modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. We propose a method that takes a skinned mesh as input, then estimates a fabricatable single-material model that approximates the 3D kinematics of the corresponding virtual articulated character in a piecewise linear manner. We first extract a set of potential joint locations. From this set, together with optional, user-specified range constraints, we then estimate mechanical friction joints that satisfy inter-joint non-penetration and other fabrication constraints. To avoid brittle joint designs, we place joint centers on an approximate medial axis representation of the input geometry, and maximize each joint''s minimal cross-sectional area. We provide several demonstrations, manufactured as single, assembled pieces using 3D printers. ' acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by NSF grant IIS-1116619. Doug James acknowledges support from Pixar and a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation author: - first_name: Moritz full_name: Bac̈her, Moritz last_name: Bac̈Her - first_name: Bernd full_name: Bernd Bickel id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bickel orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385 - first_name: Doug full_name: James, Doug L last_name: James - first_name: Hanspeter full_name: Pfister, Hanspeter last_name: Pfister citation: ama: Bac̈Her M, Bickel B, James D, Pfister H. Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 2012;31(4). doi:10.1145/2185520.2185543 apa: Bac̈Her, M., Bickel, B., James, D., & Pfister, H. (2012). Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185543 chicago: Bac̈Her, Moritz, Bernd Bickel, Doug James, and Hanspeter Pfister. “Fabricating Articulated Characters from Skinned Meshes.” ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185543. ieee: M. Bac̈Her, B. Bickel, D. James, and H. Pfister, “Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4. ACM, 2012. ista: Bac̈Her M, Bickel B, James D, Pfister H. 2012. Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 31(4). mla: Bac̈Her, Moritz, et al. “Fabricating Articulated Characters from Skinned Meshes.” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4, ACM, 2012, doi:10.1145/2185520.2185543. short: M. Bac̈Her, B. Bickel, D. James, H. Pfister, ACM Transactions on Graphics 31 (2012). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:43Z date_published: 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:19Z day: '01' doi: 10.1145/2185520.2185543 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 31' issue: '4' month: '01' publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '4933' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes type: journal_article volume: 31 year: '2012' ... --- _id: '2102' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'We propose a complete process for designing, simulating, and fabricating synthetic skin for an animatronics character that mimics the face of a given subject and its expressions. The process starts with measuring the elastic properties of a material used to manufacture synthetic soft tissue. Given these measurements we use physicsbased simulation to predict the behavior of a face when it is driven by the underlying robotic actuation. Next, we capture 3D facial expressions for a given target subject. As the key component of our process, we present a novel optimization scheme that determines the shape of the synthetic skin as well as the actuation parameters that provide the best match to the target expressions. We demonstrate this computational skin design by physically cloning a real human face onto an animatronics figure. ' acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by the NCCR Co-Me of the Swiss NSF author: - first_name: Bernd full_name: Bernd Bickel id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Bickel orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385 - first_name: Peter full_name: Kaufmann, Peter last_name: Kaufmann - first_name: Mélina full_name: Skouras, Mélina last_name: Skouras - first_name: Bernhard full_name: Thomaszewski, Bernhard last_name: Thomaszewski - first_name: Derek full_name: Bradley, Derek J last_name: Bradley - first_name: Thabo full_name: Beeler, Thabo last_name: Beeler - first_name: Philip full_name: Jackson, Philip V last_name: Jackson - first_name: Steve full_name: Marschner, Steve last_name: Marschner - first_name: Wojciech full_name: Matusik, Wojciech last_name: Matusik - first_name: Markus full_name: Groß, Markus S last_name: Groß citation: ama: Bickel B, Kaufmann P, Skouras M, et al. Physical face cloning. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 2012;31(4). doi:10.1145/2185520.2185614 apa: Bickel, B., Kaufmann, P., Skouras, M., Thomaszewski, B., Bradley, D., Beeler, T., … Groß, M. (2012). Physical face cloning. ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185614 chicago: Bickel, Bernd, Peter Kaufmann, Mélina Skouras, Bernhard Thomaszewski, Derek Bradley, Thabo Beeler, Philip Jackson, Steve Marschner, Wojciech Matusik, and Markus Groß. “Physical Face Cloning.” ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2185520.2185614. ieee: B. Bickel et al., “Physical face cloning,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4. ACM, 2012. ista: Bickel B, Kaufmann P, Skouras M, Thomaszewski B, Bradley D, Beeler T, Jackson P, Marschner S, Matusik W, Groß M. 2012. Physical face cloning. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 31(4). mla: Bickel, Bernd, et al. “Physical Face Cloning.” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 4, ACM, 2012, doi:10.1145/2185520.2185614. short: B. Bickel, P. Kaufmann, M. Skouras, B. Thomaszewski, D. Bradley, T. Beeler, P. Jackson, S. Marschner, W. Matusik, M. Groß, ACM Transactions on Graphics 31 (2012). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:43Z date_published: 2012-07-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:19Z day: '04' doi: 10.1145/2185520.2185614 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 31' issue: '4' month: '07' publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '4931' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Physical face cloning type: journal_article volume: 31 year: '2012' ...