TY - JOUR AB - Assessment of water resources from remote mountainous catchments plays a crucial role for the development of rural areas in or in the vicinity of mountain ranges. The scarcity of data, however, prevents the application of standard approaches that are based on data-driven models. The Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalaya mountain range is a crucial area in terms of water resources, but our understanding of the response of its high-elevation catchments to a changing climate is hindered by lack of hydro-meteorological and cryospheric data. Hydrological modeling is challenging here because internal inconsistencies—such as an underestimation of precipitation input that can be compensated for by an overestimation of meltwater—might be hidden due to the complexity of feedback mechanisms that govern melt and runoff generation in such basins. Data scarcity adds to this difficulty by preventing the application of systematic calibration procedures that would allow identification of the parameter set that could guarantee internal consistency in the simulation of the single hydrological components. In this work, we use simulations from the Hunza River Basin in the Karakoram region obtained with the hydrological model TOPKAPI to quantify the predictive power of discharge and snow-cover data sets, as well as the combination of both. We also show that short-term measurements of meteorological variables such as radiative fluxes, wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperature from glacio-meteorological experiments are crucial for a correct parameterization of surface melt processes. They enable detailed simulations of the energy fluxes governing glacier–atmosphere interaction and the resulting ablation through energy-balance modeling. These simulations are used to derive calibrated parameters for the simplified snow and glacier routines in TOPKAPI. We demonstrate that such parameters are stable in space and time in similar climatic regions, thus reducing the number of parameters requiring calibration. AU - Pellicciotti, Francesca AU - Buergi, Cyrill AU - Immerzeel, Walter Willem AU - Konz, Markus AU - Shrestha, Arun B. ID - 12646 IS - 1 JF - Mountain Research and Development SN - 0276-4741 TI - Challenges and uncertainties in hydrological modeling of remote Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan (HKH) basins: Suggestions for calibration strategies VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of precipitation in mountain regions is crucial for assessments of water resources and for the understanding of high-altitude hydrology, yet it is one of the largest unknowns due to the lack of high-altitude observations. The Hunza basin in Pakistan contains very large glacier systems, which, given the melt, cannot persist unless precipitation (snow input) is much higher than what is observed at the meteorological stations, mostly located in mountain valleys. Several studies, therefore, suggest strong positive vertical precipitation lapse rates; in the present study, we quantify this lapse rate by using glaciers as a proxy. We assume a neutral mass balance for the glaciers for the period from 2001 to 2003, and we inversely model the precipitation lapse by balancing the total accumulation in the catchment area and the ablation over the glacier area for the 50 largest glacier systems in the Hunza basin in the Karakoram. Our results reveal a vertical precipitation lapse rate that equals 0.21 ± 0.12% m−1, with a maximum precipitation at an elevation of 5500 masl. We showed that the total annual basin precipitation (828 mm) is 260% higher than what is estimated based on interpolated observations (319 mm); this has major consequences for hydrological modeling and water resource assessments in general. Our results were validated by using previously published studies on individual glaciers as well as the water balance of the Hunza basin. The approach is more widely applicable in mountain ranges where precipitation measurements at high altitude are lacking. AU - Immerzeel, Walter Willem AU - Pellicciotti, Francesca AU - Shrestha, Arun B. ID - 12647 IS - 1 JF - Mountain Research and Development KW - General Environmental Science KW - Development KW - Environmental Chemistry SN - 0276-4741 TI - Glaciers as a proxy to quantify the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Hunza basin VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Distributed glacier melt models generally assume that the glacier surface consists of bare exposed ice and snow. In reality, many glaciers are wholly or partially covered in layers of debris that tend to suppress ablation rates. In this paper, an existing physically based point model for the ablation of debris-covered ice is incorporated in a distributed melt model and applied to Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, which has three large patches of debris cover on its surface. The model is based on a 10 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the area; each glacier pixel in the DEM is defined as either bare or debris-covered ice, and may be covered in snow that must be melted off before ice ablation is assumed to occur. Each debris-covered pixel is assigned a debris thickness value using probability distributions based on over 1000 manual thickness measurements. Locally observed meteorological data are used to run energy balance calculations in every pixel, using an approach suitable for snow, bare ice or debris-covered ice as appropriate. The use of the debris model significantly reduces the total ablation in the debris-covered areas, however the precise reduction is sensitive to the temperature extrapolation used in the model distribution because air near the debris surface tends to be slightly warmer than over bare ice. Overall results suggest that the debris patches, which cover 10% of the glacierized area, reduce total runoff from the glacierized part of the basin by up to 7%. AU - Reid, T. D. AU - Carenzo, M. AU - Pellicciotti, Francesca AU - Brock, B. W. ID - 12648 IS - D18 JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres KW - Paleontology KW - Space and Planetary Science KW - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) KW - Atmospheric Science KW - Earth-Surface Processes KW - Geochemistry and Petrology KW - Soil Science KW - Water Science and Technology KW - Ecology KW - Aquatic Science KW - Forestry KW - Oceanography KW - Geophysics SN - 0148-0227 TI - Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation VL - 117 ER - TY - CONF AB - Software model checking, as an undecidable problem, has three possible outcomes: (1) the program satisfies the specification, (2) the program does not satisfy the specification, and (3) the model checker fails. The third outcome usually manifests itself in a space-out, time-out, or one component of the verification tool giving up; in all of these failing cases, significant computation is performed by the verification tool before the failure, but no result is reported. We propose to reformulate the model-checking problem as follows, in order to have the verification tool report a summary of the performed work even in case of failure: given a program and a specification, the model checker returns a condition Ψ - usually a state predicate - such that the program satisfies the specification under the condition Ψ - that is, as long as the program does not leave the states in which Ψ is satisfied. In our experiments, we investigated as one major application of conditional model checking the sequential combination of model checkers with information passing. We give the condition that one model checker produces, as input to a second conditional model checker, such that the verification problem for the second is restricted to the part of the state space that is not covered by the condition, i.e., the second model checker works on the problems that the first model checker could not solve. Our experiments demonstrate that repeated application of conditional model checkers, passing information from one model checker to the next, can significantly improve the verification results and performance, i.e., we can now verify programs that we could not verify before. AU - Beyer, Dirk AU - Henzinger, Thomas A AU - Keremoglu, Mehmet AU - Wendler, Philipp ID - 1384 T2 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering TI - Conditional model checking: A technique to pass information between verifiers ER - TY - JOUR AB - For G = GL 2, PGL 2, SL 2 we prove that the perverse filtration associated with the Hitchin map on the rational cohomology of the moduli space of twisted G-Higgs bundles on a compact Riemann surface C agrees with the weight filtration on the rational cohomology of the twisted G character variety of C when the cohomologies are identified via non-Abelian Hodge theory. The proof is accomplished by means of a study of the topology of the Hitchin map over the locus of integral spectral curves. AU - De Cataldo, Mark A AU - Tamas Hausel AU - Migliorini, Luca ID - 1472 IS - 3 JF - Annals of Mathematics TI - Topology of hitchin systems and Hodge theory of character varieties: The case A 1 VL - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given a possibly reducible and non-reduced spectral cover π: X → C over a smooth projective complex curve C we determine the group of connected components of the Prym variety Prym(X/C). As an immediate application we show that the finite group of n-torsion points of the Jacobian of C acts trivially on the cohomology of the twisted SL n-Higgs moduli space up to the degree which is predicted by topological mirror symmetry. In particular this yields a new proof of a result of Harder-Narasimhan, showing that this finite group acts trivially on the cohomology of the twisted SL n stable bundle moduli space. AU - Tamas Hausel AU - Pauly, Christian ID - 1471 IS - 3 JF - Geometry and Topology TI - Prym varieties of spectral covers VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For given non-zero integers a, b, q we investigate the density of solutions (x, y) ∈ ℤ2 to the binary cubic congruence ax2 + by3 ≡ 0 mod q, and use it to establish the Manin conjecture for a singular del Pezzo surface of degree 2 defined over ℚ. AU - Timothy Browning AU - Baier, Stephan ID - 171 IS - 680 JF - Journal fur die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik TI - Inhomogeneous cubic congruences and rational points on del Pezzo surfaces VL - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spatial organization of cell fates during development involves the interpretation of morphogen gradients by cellular signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. Recent studies use biophysical models, genetics, and quantitative imaging to unravel how tissue-level morphogen behavior arises from subcellular events. Moreover, data from several systems show that morphogen gradients, downstream signaling, and the activity of cell-intrinsic transcriptional networks change dynamically during pattern formation. Studies from Drosophila and now also vertebrates suggest that transcriptional network dynamics are central to the generation of gene expression patterns. Together, this leads to the view that pattern formation is an emergent behavior that results from the coordination of events occurring across molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. The development of novel approaches to study this complex process remains a challenge. AU - Anna Kicheva AU - Cohen, Michael H AU - Briscoe, James ID - 1725 IS - 6104 JF - Science TI - Developmental pattern formation: Insights from physics and biology VL - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Self-assembled Ge wires with a height of only 3 unit cells and a length of up to 2 micrometers were grown on Si(001) by means of a catalyst-free method based on molecular beam epitaxy. The wires grow horizontally along either the [100] or the [010] direction. On atomically flat surfaces, they exhibit a highly uniform, triangular cross section. A simple thermodynamic model accounts for the existence of a preferential base width for longitudinal expansion, in quantitative agreement with the experimental findings. Despite the absence of intentional doping, the first transistor-type devices made from single wires show low-resistive electrical contacts and single-hole transport at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In view of their exceptionally small and self-defined cross section, these Ge wires hold promise for the realization of hole systems with exotic properties and provide a new development route for silicon-based nanoelectronics. AU - Zhang, Jianjun AU - Georgios Katsaros AU - Montalenti, Francesco AU - Scopece, Daniele AU - Rezaev, Roman O AU - Mickel, Christine H AU - Rellinghaus, Bernd AU - Miglio, Leo P AU - De Franceschi, Silvano AU - Rastelli, Armando AU - Schmidt, Oliver G ID - 1757 IS - 8 JF - Physical Review Letters TI - Monolithic growth of ultrathin Ge nanowires on Si(001) VL - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We studied the low-energy states of spin-1/2 quantum dots defined in InAs/InP nanowires and coupled to aluminum superconducting leads. By varying the superconducting gap Δ with a magnetic field B we investigated the transition from strong coupling Δ≪T K to weak-coupling Δ≫T K, where T K is the Kondo temperature. Below the critical field, we observe a persisting zero-bias Kondo resonance that vanishes only for low B or higher temperatures, leaving the room to more robust subgap structures at bias voltages between Δ and 2Δ. For strong and approximately symmetric tunnel couplings, a Josephson supercurrent is observed in addition to the Kondo peak. We ascribe the coexistence of a Kondo resonance and a superconducting gap to a significant density of intragap quasiparticle states, and the finite-bias subgap structures to tunneling through Shiba states. Our results, supported by numerical calculations, own relevance also in relation to tunnel-spectroscopy experiments aiming at the observation of Majorana fermions in hybrid nanostructures. AU - Lee, Eduardo J AU - Jiang, Xiaocheng AU - Aguado, Ramón AU - Georgios Katsaros AU - Lieber, Charles M AU - De Franceschi, Silvano ID - 1758 IS - 18 JF - Physical Review Letters TI - Zero-bias anomaly in a nanowire quantum dot coupled to superconductors VL - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We report on the electronic transport properties of multiple-gate devices fabricated from undoped silicon nanowires. Understanding and control of the relevant transport mechanisms was achieved by means of local electrostatic gating and temperature-dependent measurements. The roles of the source/drain contacts and of the silicon channel could be independently evaluated and tuned. Wrap gates surrounding the silicide-silicon contact interfaces were proved to be effective in inducing a full suppression of the contact Schottky barriers, thereby enabling carrier injection down to liquid helium temperature. By independently tuning the effective Schottky barrier heights, a variety of reconfigurable device functionalities could be obtained. In particular, the same nanowire device could be configured to work as a Schottky barrier transistor, a Schottky diode, or a p-n diode with tunable polarities. This versatility was eventually exploited to realize a NAND logic gate with gain well above one. AU - Mongillo, Massimo AU - Spathis, Panayotis N AU - Georgios Katsaros AU - Gentile, Pascal AU - De Franceschi, Silvano ID - 1756 IS - 6 JF - Nano Letters TI - Multifunctional devices and logic gates with undoped silicon nanowires VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nonlinearity and entanglement are two important properties by which physical systems can be identified as nonclassical. We study the dynamics of the resonant interaction of up to N=3 two-level systems and a single mode of the electromagnetic field sharing a single excitation dynamically. We observe coherent vacuum Rabi oscillations and their nonlinear √N speedup by tracking the populations of all qubits and the resonator in time. We use quantum state tomography to show explicitly that the dynamics generates maximally entangled states of the W class in a time limited only by the collective interaction rate. We use an entanglement witness and the 3-tangle to characterize the state whose fidelity F=78% is limited in our experiments by crosstalk arising during the simultaneous qubit manipulations which is absent in a sequential approach with F=91%. AU - Mlynek, Jonas A AU - Abdumalikov, Abdufarrukh A AU - Johannes Fink AU - Steffen, L. Kraig AU - Baur, Matthias P AU - Lang, C AU - Van Loo, Arjan F AU - Wallraff, Andreas ID - 1783 IS - 5 JF - Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics TI - Demonstrating W-type entanglement of Dicke states in resonant cavity quantum electrodynamics VL - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Steering a quantum harmonic oscillator state along cyclic trajectories leads to a path-dependent geometric phase. Here we describe its experimental observation in an electronic harmonic oscillator. We use a superconducting qubit as a nonlinear probe of the phase, which is otherwise unobservable due to the linearity of the oscillator. We show that the geometric phase is, for a variety of cyclic paths, proportional to the area enclosed in the quadrature plane. At the transition to the nonadiabatic regime, we study corrections to the phase and dephasing of the qubit caused by qubit-resonator entanglement. In particular, we identify parameters for which this dephasing mechanism is negligible even in the nonadiabatic regime. The demonstrated controllability makes our system a versatile tool to study geometric phases in open quantum systems and to investigate their potential for quantum information processing. AU - Pechal, M AU - Berger, Stefan T AU - Abdumalikov, Abdufarrukh A AU - Johannes Fink AU - Mlynek, Jonas A AU - Steffen, L. Kraig AU - Wallraff, Andreas AU - Filipp, Stefan ID - 1782 IS - 17 JF - Physical Review Letters TI - Geometric phase and nonadiabatic effects in an electronic harmonic oscillator VL - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A localized qubit entangled with a propagating quantum field is well suited to study nonlocal aspects of quantum mechanics and may also provide a channel to communicate between spatially separated nodes in a quantum network. Here, we report the on-demand generation and characterization of Bell-type entangled states between a superconducting qubit and propagating microwave fields composed of zero-, one-, and two-photon Fock states. Using low noise linear amplification and efficient data acquisition we extract all relevant correlations between the qubit and the photon states and demonstrate entanglement with high fidelity. AU - Eichler, Christopher AU - Lang, C AU - Johannes Fink AU - Govenius, J AU - Filipp, Stefan AU - Wallraff, Andreas ID - 1784 IS - 24 JF - Physical Review Letters TI - Observation of entanglement between itinerant microwave photons and a superconducting qubit VL - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Brain circuits are assembled from a large variety of morphologically and functionally diverse cell types. It is not known how the intermingled cell types of an individual adult brain region differ in their expressed genomes. Here we describe an atlas of cell type transcriptomes in one brain region, the mouse retina. We found that each adult cell type expressed a specific set of genes, including a unique set of transcription factors, forming a 'barcode' for cell identity. Cell type transcriptomes carried enough information to categorize cells into morphological classes and types. Several genes that were specifically expressed in particular retinal circuit elements, such as inhibitory neuron types, are associated with eye diseases. The resource described here allows gene expression to be compared across adult retinal cell types, experimenting with specific transcription factors to differentiate stem or somatic cells to retinal cell types, and predicting cellular targets of newly discovered disease-associated genes. AU - Sandra Siegert AU - Cabuy, Erik AU - Scherf, Brigitte G AU - Kohler, Hubertus AU - Panda, Satchidananda AU - Le, Yunzheng AU - Fehling, Hans J AU - Gaidatzis, Dimos AU - Stadler, Michael B AU - Roska, Botond M ID - 1801 IS - 3 JF - Nature Neuroscience TI - Transcriptional code and disease map for adult retinal cell types VL - 15 ER - TY - GEN AB - Complex I is a key enzyme of the respiratory chain in many organisms. This multi-protein complex with an intricate evolutionary history originated from the unification of prebuilt modules of hydrogenases and transporters. Using recently determined crystallographic structures of complex I we reanalyzed evolutionarily related complexes that couple oxidoreduction to trans-membrane ion translocation. Our analysis points to the previously unnoticed structural homology of the electron input module of formate dehydrogenlyases and subunit NuoG of complex I. We also show that all related to complex I hydrogenases likely operate via a conformation driven mechanism with structural changes generated in the conserved coupling site located at the interface of subunits NuoB/D/H. The coupling apparently originated once in evolutionary history, together with subunit NuoH joining hydrogenase and transport modules. Analysis of quinone oxidoreduction properties and the structure of complex I allows us to suggest a fully reversible coupling mechanism. Our model predicts that: 1) proton access to the ketone groups of the bound quinone is rigorously controlled by the protein, 2) the negative electric charge of the anionic ubiquinol head group is a major driving force for conformational changes. AU - Efremov, Rouslan G AU - Leonid Sazanov ID - 1976 IS - 10 T2 - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics TI - The coupling mechanism of respiratory complex i - A structural and evolutionary perspective VL - 1817 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Outer membrane protein F, a major component of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, was crystallized for the first time in lipidic mesophase of monoolein in novel space groups, P1 and H32. Due to ease of its purification and crystallization OmpF can be used as a benchmark protein for establishing membrane protein crystallization in meso, as a "membrane lyzozyme" The packing of porin trimers in the crystals of space group H32 is similar to natural outer membranes, providing the first high-resolution insight into the close to native packing of OmpF. Surprisingly, interaction between trimers is mediated exclusively by lipids, without direct protein-protein contacts. Multiple ordered lipids are observed and many of them occupy identical positions independently of the space group, identifying preferential interaction sites of lipid acyl chains. Presence of ordered aliphatic chains close to a positively charged area on the porin surface suggests a position for a lipopolysaccharide binding site on the surface of the major E. coli porins. AU - Efremov, Rouslan G AU - Leonid Sazanov ID - 1972 IS - 3 JF - Journal of Structural Biology TI - Structure of Escherichia coli OmpF porin from lipidic mesophase VL - 178 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the living cell, proteins are able to organize space much larger than their dimensions. In return, changes of intracellular space can influence biochemical reactions, allowing cells to sense their size and shape. Despite the possibility to reconstitute protein self-organization with only a few purified components, we still lack knowledge of how geometrical boundaries affect spatiotemporal protein patterns. Following a minimal systems approach, we used purified proteins and photolithographically patterned membranes to study the influence of spatial confinement on the self-organization of the Min system, a spatial regulator of bacterial cytokinesis, in vitro. We found that the emerging protein pattern responds even to the lateral, two-dimensional geometry of the membrane such that, as in the three-dimensional cell, Min protein waves travel along the longest axis of the membrane patch. This shows that for spatial sensing the Min system does not need to be enclosed in a three-dimensional compartment. Using a computational model we quantitatively analyzed our experimental findings and identified persistent binding of MinE to the membrane as requirement for the Min system to sense geometry. Our results give insight into the interplay between geometrical confinement and biochemical patterns emerging from a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system. AU - Schweizer, Jakob AU - Martin Loose AU - Bonny, Mike AU - Kruse, Karsten AU - Mönch, Ingolf AU - Schwille, Petra ID - 1987 IS - 38 JF - PNAS TI - Geometry sensing by self-organized protein patterns VL - 109 ER - TY - CONF AB - Leakage resilient cryptography attempts to incorporate side-channel leakage into the black-box security model and designs cryptographic schemes that are provably secure within it. Informally, a scheme is leakage-resilient if it remains secure even if an adversary learns a bounded amount of arbitrary information about the schemes internal state. Unfortunately, most leakage resilient schemes are unnecessarily complicated in order to achieve strong provable security guarantees. As advocated by Yu et al. [CCS’10], this mostly is an artefact of the security proof and in practice much simpler construction may already suffice to protect against realistic side-channel attacks. In this paper, we show that indeed for simpler constructions leakage-resilience can be obtained when we aim for relaxed security notions where the leakage-functions and/or the inputs to the primitive are chosen non-adaptively. For example, we show that a three round Feistel network instantiated with a leakage resilient PRF yields a leakage resilient PRP if the inputs are chosen non-adaptively (This complements the result of Dodis and Pietrzak [CRYPTO’10] who show that if a adaptive queries are allowed, a superlogarithmic number of rounds is necessary.) We also show that a minor variation of the classical GGM construction gives a leakage resilient PRF if both, the leakage-function and the inputs, are chosen non-adaptively. AU - Faust, Sebastian AU - Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z AU - Schipper, Joachim ID - 2048 T2 - Conference proceedings CHES 2012 TI - Practical leakage-resilient symmetric cryptography VL - 7428 ER - TY - CONF AB - We propose a new authentication protocol that is provably secure based on a ring variant of the learning parity with noise (LPN) problem. The protocol follows the design principle of the LPN-based protocol from Eurocrypt’11 (Kiltz et al.), and like it, is a two round protocol secure against active attacks. Moreover, our protocol has small communication complexity and a very small footprint which makes it applicable in scenarios that involve low-cost, resource-constrained devices. Performance-wise, our protocol is more efficient than previous LPN-based schemes, such as the many variants of the Hopper-Blum (HB) protocol and the aforementioned protocol from Eurocrypt’11. Our implementation results show that it is even comparable to the standard challenge-and-response protocols based on the AES block-cipher. Our basic protocol is roughly 20 times slower than AES, but with the advantage of having 10 times smaller code size. Furthermore, if a few hundred bytes of non-volatile memory are available to allow the storage of some off-line pre-computations, then the online phase of our protocols is only twice as slow as AES. AU - Heyse, Stefan AU - Kiltz, Eike AU - Lyubashevsky, Vadim AU - Paar, Christof AU - Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z ID - 2049 T2 - Conference proceedings FSE 2012 TI - Lapin: An efficient authentication protocol based on ring-LPN VL - 7549 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Drosophila albomicans is a unique model organism for studying both sex chromosome and B chromosome evolution. A pair of its autosomes comprising roughly 40% of the whole genome has fused to the ancient X and Y chromosomes only about 0.12 million years ago, thereby creating the youngest and most gene-rich neo-sex system reported to date. This species also possesses recently derived B chromosomes that show non-Mendelian inheritance and significantly influence fertility.Methods: We sequenced male flies with B chromosomes at 124.5-fold genome coverage using next-generation sequencing. To characterize neo-Y specific changes and B chromosome sequences, we also sequenced inbred female flies derived from the same strain but without B's at 28.5-fold.Results: We assembled a female genome and placed 53% of the sequence and 85% of the annotated proteins into specific chromosomes, by comparison with the 12 Drosophila genomes. Despite its very recent origin, the non-recombining neo-Y chromosome shows various signs of degeneration, including a significant enrichment of non-functional genes compared to the neo-X, and an excess of tandem duplications relative to other chromosomes. We also characterized a B-chromosome linked scaffold that contains an actively transcribed unit and shows sequence similarity to the subcentromeric regions of both the ancient X and the neo-X chromosome.Conclusions: Our results provide novel insights into the very early stages of sex chromosome evolution and B chromosome origination, and suggest an unprecedented connection between the births of these two systems in D. albomicans. AU - Zhou, Qi AU - Zhu, Hongmei AU - Huang, Quanfei AU - Zhao, Li AU - Zhang, Guo J AU - Roy, Scott W AU - Beatriz Vicoso AU - Xuan, Zhaolin AU - Ruan, Jue AU - Zhang, Yue AU - Zhao, Ruoping AU - Ye, Chen AU - Zhang, Xiuqing AU - Wang, Jùn AU - Wang, Wen AU - Bachtrog, Doris ID - 2073 IS - 1 JF - BMC Genomics TI - Deciphering neo-sex and B chromosome evolution by the draft genome of Drosophila albomicans VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We introduce an algorithm and representation for fabricating 3D shape abstractions using mutually intersecting planar cut-outs. The planes have prefabricated slits at their intersections and are assembled by sliding them together. Often such abstractions are used as a sculptural art form or in architecture and are colloquially called ‘cardboard sculptures’. Based on an analysis of construction rules, we propose an extended binary space partitioning tree as an efficient representation of such cardboard models which allows us to quickly evaluate the feasibility of newly added planar elements. The complexity of insertion order quickly increases with the number of planar elements and manual analysis becomes intractable. We provide tools for generating cardboard sculptures with guaranteed constructibility. In combination with a simple optimization and sampling strategy for new elements, planar shape abstraction models can be designed by iteratively adding elements. As an output, we obtain a fabrication plan that can be printed or sent to a laser cutter. We demonstrate the complete process by designing and fabricating cardboard models of various well-known 3D shapes. AU - Hildebrand, Kristian AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Alexa, Marc ID - 2079 IS - 2pt3 JF - Computer Graphics Forum TI - crdbrd: Shape fabrication by sliding planar slices VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although facial hair plays an important role in individual expression, facial-hair reconstruction is not addressed by current facecapture systems. Our research addresses this limitation with an algorithm that treats hair and skin surface capture together in a coupled fashion so that a high-quality representation of hair fibers as well as the underlying skin surface can be reconstructed. We propose a passive, camera-based system that is robust against arbitrary motion since all data is acquired within the time period of a single exposure. Our reconstruction algorithm detects and traces hairs in the captured images and reconstructs them in 3D using a multiview stereo approach. Our coupled skin-reconstruction algorithm uses information about the detected hairs to deliver a skin surface that lies underneath all hairs irrespective of occlusions. In dense regions like eyebrows, we employ a hair-synthesis method to create hair fibers that plausibly match the image data. We demonstrate our scanning system on a number of individuals and show that it can successfully reconstruct a variety of facial-hair styles together with the underlying skin surface. AU - Beeler, Thabo AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Noris, Gioacchino AU - Beardsley, Paul A AU - Marschner, Steve AU - Sumner, Robert W AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2103 IS - 4 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics TI - Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Articulated deformable characters are widespread in computer animation. Unfortunately, we lack methods for their automatic fabrication using modern additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. We propose a method that takes a skinned mesh as input, then estimates a fabricatable single-material model that approximates the 3D kinematics of the corresponding virtual articulated character in a piecewise linear manner. We first extract a set of potential joint locations. From this set, together with optional, user-specified range constraints, we then estimate mechanical friction joints that satisfy inter-joint non-penetration and other fabrication constraints. To avoid brittle joint designs, we place joint centers on an approximate medial axis representation of the input geometry, and maximize each joint's minimal cross-sectional area. We provide several demonstrations, manufactured as single, assembled pieces using 3D printers. AU - Bac̈her, Moritz AU - Bernd Bickel AU - James, Doug L AU - Pfister, Hanspeter ID - 2101 IS - 4 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics TI - Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose a complete process for designing, simulating, and fabricating synthetic skin for an animatronics character that mimics the face of a given subject and its expressions. The process starts with measuring the elastic properties of a material used to manufacture synthetic soft tissue. Given these measurements we use physicsbased simulation to predict the behavior of a face when it is driven by the underlying robotic actuation. Next, we capture 3D facial expressions for a given target subject. As the key component of our process, we present a novel optimization scheme that determines the shape of the synthetic skin as well as the actuation parameters that provide the best match to the target expressions. We demonstrate this computational skin design by physically cloning a real human face onto an animatronics figure. AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Kaufmann, Peter AU - Skouras, Mélina AU - Thomaszewski, Bernhard AU - Bradley, Derek J AU - Beeler, Thabo AU - Jackson, Philip V AU - Marschner, Steve AU - Matusik, Wojciech AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2102 IS - 4 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics TI - Physical face cloning VL - 31 ER - TY - CONF AB - Progress in cloth simulation for computer animation and apparel design has led to a multitude of deformation models, each with its own way of relating geometry, deformation, and forces. As simulators improve, differences between these models become more important, but it is difficult to choose a model and a set of parameters to match a given real material simply by looking at simulation results. This paper provides measurement and fitting methods that allow nonlinear models to be fit to the observed deformation of a particular cloth sample. Unlike standard textile testing, our system measures complex 3D deformations of a sheet of cloth, not just one-dimensional force-displacement curves, so it works under a wider range of deformation conditions. The fitted models are then evaluated by comparison to measured deformations with motions very different from those used for fitting. AU - Miguel, Eder AU - Bradley, Derek J AU - Thomaszewski, Bernhard AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Matusik, Wojciech AU - Otaduy, Miguel A AU - Marschner, Steve ID - 2106 IS - 2 TI - Data-driven estimation of cloth simulation models VL - 31 ER - TY - CONF AB - In recent years, various methods have been introduced to exploit pre-recorded data to improve the performance and/or realism of dynamic deformations, but their differences and similarities have not been adequately analyzed or discussed. So far, the proposed methods have been explored mainly in the research context. They have not been adopted by the computer graphics industry. This course bridges the gap between research labs and industry to present a unifying theory and understanding of data-driven methods for dynamic deformations that may inspire development of novel solutions. It focuses on application of data-driven methods to three areas of computer animation: dynamic deformation of faces, soft volumetric tissue, and cloth. And it describes how to approach these challenges in a data-driven manner, classifies the various methods, and demonstrates how data-driven methods can work in other settings. AU - Otaduy, Miguel A AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Bradley, Derek J AU - Wang, Huamin ID - 2104 TI - Data-driven simulation methods in computer graphics: Cloth, tissue and faces ER - TY - CONF AU - Skouras, Mélina AU - Thomaszewski, Bernhard AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2105 IS - 2 TI - Computational design of rubber balloons VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We consider a class of stochastic PDEs of Burgers type in spatial dimension 1, driven by space–time white noise. Even though it is well known that these equations are well posed, it turns out that if one performs a spatial discretization of the nonlinearity in the “wrong” way, then the sequence of approximate equations does converge to a limit, but this limit exhibits an additional correction term. This correction term is proportional to the local quadratic cross-variation (in space) of the gradient of the conserved quantity with the solution itself. This can be understood as a consequence of the fact that for any fixed time, the law of the solution is locally equivalent to Wiener measure, where space plays the role of time. In this sense, the correction term is similar to the usual Itô–Stratonovich correction term that arises when one considers different temporal discretizations of stochastic ODEs. AU - Hairer, Martin M AU - Jan Maas ID - 2125 IS - 4 JF - Annals of Probability TI - A spatial version of the Itô-Stratonovich correction VL - 40 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study a new notion of Ricci curvature that applies to Markov chains on discrete spaces. This notion relies on geodesic convexity of the entropy and is analogous to the one introduced by Lott, Sturm, and Villani for geodesic measure spaces. In order to apply to the discrete setting, the role of the Wasserstein metric is taken over by a different metric, having the property that continuous time Markov chains are gradient flows of the entropy. Using this notion of Ricci curvature we prove discrete analogues of fundamental results by Bakry–Émery and Otto–Villani. Further, we show that Ricci curvature bounds are preserved under tensorisation. As a special case we obtain the sharp Ricci curvature lower bound for the discrete hypercube. AU - Erbar, Matthias AU - Jan Maas ID - 2127 IS - 3 JF - Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis TI - Ricci curvature of finite Markov chains via convexity of the entropy VL - 206 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We introduce a technique for handling Whitney decompositions in Gaussian harmonic analysis and apply it to the study of Gaussian analogues of the classical tent spaces T 1,q of Coifman–Meyer–Stein. AU - Jan Maas AU - van Neerven, Jan M AU - Portal, Pierre ID - 2128 IS - 2 JF - Arkiv för Matematik TI - Whitney coverings and the tent spaces T 1,q (γ) for the Gaussian measure VL - 50 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We show that the electric dipole-dipole interaction between a pair of polar molecules undergoes an all-out transformation when superimposed by a far-off-resonant optical field. The combined interaction potential becomes tunable by variation of wavelength, polarisation and intensity of the optical field and its dependence on the intermolecular separation exhibits a crossover from an inverse-power to an oscillating behaviour. The ability thereby offered to control molecular interactions opens up avenues toward the creation and manipulation of novel phases of ultracold polar gases among whose characteristics is a long-range entanglement of the dipoles' mutual orientation. We devised an accurate analytic model of such optical-field-dressed dipole-dipole interaction potentials, which enables a straightforward access to the optical-field parameters required for the design of intermolecular interactions in the laboratory. AU - Mikhail Lemeshko AU - Friedrich, Břetislav ID - 2203 IS - 15-16 JF - Molecular Physics TI - Interaction between polar molecules subject to a far-off-resonant optical field: Entangled dipoles up- or down-holding each other VL - 110 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study the growth dynamics of ordered structures of strongly interacting polar molecules in optical lattices. Using a dipole blockade of microwave excitations, we map the system onto an interacting spin-1/2 model possessing ground states with crystalline order, and describe a way to prepare these states by nonadiabatically driving the transitions between molecular rotational levels. The proposed technique bypasses the need to cross a phase transition and allows for the creation of ordered domains of considerably larger size compared to approaches relying on adiabatic preparation. AU - Lemeshko, Mikhail AU - Krems, Roman AU - Weimer, Hendrik ID - 2201 IS - 3 JF - Physical Review Letters TI - Nonadiabatic preparation of spin crystals with ultracold polar molecules VL - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose a method for sensitive parallel detection of low-frequency electromagnetic fields based on the fine structure interactions in paramagnetic polar molecules. Compared to the recently implemented scheme employing ultracold 87Rb atoms by Böhi, the technique based on molecules offers a 100-fold higher sensitivity, the possibility to measure both the electric and magnetic field components, and a probe of a wide range of frequencies from the dc limit to the THz regime. AU - Alyabyshev, Sergey V AU - Mikhail Lemeshko AU - Krems, Roman V ID - 2202 IS - 1 JF - Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics TI - Sensitive imaging of electromagnetic fields with paramagnetic polar molecules VL - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nestin-cre transgenic mice have been widely used to direct recombination to neural stem cells (NSCs) and intermediate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Here we report that a readily utilized, and the only commercially available, Nestin-cre line is insufficient for directing recombination in early embryonic NSCs and NPCs. Analysis of recombination efficiency in multiple cre-dependent reporters and a genetic mosaic line revealed consistent temporal and spatial patterns of recombination in NSCs and NPCs. For comparison we utilized a knock-in Emx1cre line and found robust recombination in NSCs and NPCs in ventricular and subventricular zones of the cerebral cortices as early as embryonic day 12.5. In addition we found that the rate of Nestin-cre driven recombination only reaches sufficiently high levels in NSCs and NPCs during late embryonic and early postnatal periods. These findings are important when commercially available cre lines are considered for directing recombination to embryonic NSCs and NPCs. AU - Liang, Huixuan AU - Hippenmeyer, Simon AU - Ghashghaei, H. ID - 2263 IS - 12 JF - Biology open TI - A Nestin-cre transgenic mouse is insufficient for recombination in early embryonic neural progenitors VL - 1 ER - TY - CONF AB - Capturing real-world objects with laser-scanning technology has become an everyday task. Recently, the acquisition of dynamic scenes at interactive frame rates has become feasible. A high-quality visualization of the resulting point cloud stream would require a per-frame reconstruction of object surfaces. Unfortunately, reconstruction computations are still too time-consuming to be applied interactively. In this paper we present a local surface reconstruction and visualization technique that provides interactive feedback for reasonably sized point clouds, while achieving high image quality. Our method is performed entirely on the GPU and in screen pace, exploiting the efficiency of the common rasterization pipeline. The approach is very general, as no assumption is made about point connectivity or sampling density. This naturally allows combining the outputs of multiple scanners in a single visualization, which is useful for many virtual and augmented reality applications. AU - Preiner, Reinhold AU - Jeschke, Stefan AU - Wimmer, Michael ID - 2267 TI - Auto splats: Dynamic point cloud visualization on the GPU ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) is a method for generating genetically mosaic mice, in which sibling mutant and wild-type cells are labeled with different fluorescent markers. It is a powerful tool that enables analysis of gene function at the single cell level in vivo. It requires transgenic cassettes to be located between the centromere and the mutation in the gene of interest on the same chromosome. Here we compare procedures for introduction of MADM cassettes into new loci in the mouse genome, and describe new approaches for expanding the utility of MADM. We show that: 1) Targeted homologous recombination outperforms random transgenesis in generation of reliably expressed MADM cassettes, 2) MADM cassettes in new genomic loci need to be validated for biallelic and ubiquitous expression, 3) Recombination between MADM cassettes on different chromosomes can be used to study reciprocal chromosomal deletions/duplications, and 4) MADM can be modified to permit transgene expression by combining it with a binary expression system. The advances described in this study expand current, and enable new and more versatile applications of MADM. AU - Tasic, Bosiljka AU - Miyamichi, Kazunari AU - Simon Hippenmeyer AU - Dani, Vardhan S. AU - Zeng, H. AU - Joo, William AU - Zong, Hui AU - Chen-Tsai, Yanru AU - Luo, Liqun ID - 2262 IS - 3 JF - PLoS One TI - Extensions of MADM (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers) in Mice VL - 7 ER - TY - CONF AB - This paper presents an analytic formulation for anti-aliased sampling of 2D polygons and 3D polyhedra. Our framework allows the exact evaluation of the convolution integral with a linear function defined on the polytopes. The filter is a spherically symmetric polynomial of any order, supporting approximations to refined variants such as the Mitchell-Netravali filter family. This enables high-quality rasterization of triangles and tetrahedra with linearly interpolated vertex values to regular and non-regular grids. A closed form solution of the convolution is presented and an efficient implementation on the GPU using DirectX and CUDA C is described. AU - Thomas Auzinger AU - Guthe, Michael AU - Stefan Jeschke ID - 2268 IS - 121 TI - Analytic anti-aliasing of linear functions on polytopes VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We introduce propagation models (PMs), a formalism able to express several kinds of equations that describe the behavior of biochemical reaction networks. Furthermore, we introduce the propagation abstract data type (PADT), which separates concerns regarding different numerical algorithms for the transient analysis of biochemical reaction networks from concerns regarding their implementation, thus allowing for portable and efficient solutions. The state of a propagation abstract data type is given by a vector that assigns mass values to a set of nodes, and its (next) operator propagates mass values through this set of nodes. We propose an approximate implementation of the (next) operator, based on threshold abstraction, which propagates only "significant" mass values and thus achieves a compromise between efficiency and accuracy. Finally, we give three use cases for propagation models: the chemical master equation (CME), the reaction rate equation (RRE), and a hybrid method that combines these two equations. These three applications use propagation models in order to propagate probabilities and/or expected values and variances of the model's variables. AU - Henzinger, Thomas A AU - Mateescu, Maria ID - 2302 IS - 2 JF - IEEE ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics TI - The propagation approach for computing biochemical reaction networks VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The translation of "next-generation" sequencing directly to the clinic is still being assessed but has the potential for genetic diseases to reduce costs, advance accuracy, and point to unsuspected yet treatable conditions. To study its capability in the clinic, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 118 probands with a diagnosis of a pediatric-onset neurodevelopmental disease in which most known causes had been excluded. Twenty-two genes not previously identified as disease-causing were identified in this study (19% of cohort), further establishing exome sequencing as a useful tool for gene discovery. New genes identified included EXOC8 in Joubert syndrome and GFM2 in a patient with microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Exome sequencing uncovered 10 probands (8% of cohort) with mutations in genes known to cause a disease different from the initial diagnosis. Upon further medical evaluation, these mutations were found to account for each proband's disease, leading to a change in diagnosis, some of which led to changes in patient management. Our data provide proof of principle that genomic strategies are useful in clarifying diagnosis in a proportion of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. AU - Dixon-Salazar, Tracy J AU - Silhavy, Jennifer L AU - Udpa, Nitin AU - Schroth, Jana AU - Bielas, Stephanie L AU - Schaffer, Ashleigh E AU - Olvera, Jesus AU - Bafna, Vineet K AU - Zaki, Maha S AU - Abdel-Salam, Ghada M AU - Mansour, Lobna A AU - Selim, Laila A AU - Abdel-Hadi, Sawsan S AU - Marzouki, Naima AU - Ben-Omran, Tawfeg I AU - Al-Saana, Nouriya A AU - Sönmez, Fatma M AU - Celep, Figen AU - Azam, Matloob AU - Hill, Kiley J AU - Collazo, Adrienne AU - Fenstermaker, Ali G AU - Gaia Novarino AU - Akizu, Naiara AU - Garimella, Kiran V AU - Sougnez, Carrie L AU - Russ, Carsten AU - Gabriel, Stacey B AU - Gleeson, Joseph G ID - 2313 IS - 138 JF - Science Translational Medicine TI - Exome sequencing can improve diagnosis and alter patient management VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Autism spectrum disorders are a genetically heterogeneous constellation of syndromes characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction. Available somatic treatments have limited efficacy. We have identified inactivating mutations in the gene BCKDK (Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase) in consanguineous families with autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The encoded protein is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the E1α subunit of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). Patients with homozygous BCKDK mutations display reductions in BCKDK messenger RNA and protein, E1α phosphorylation, and plasma branched-chain amino acids. Bckdk knockout mice show abnormal brain amino acid profiles and neurobehavioral deficits that respond to dietary supplementation. Thus, autism presenting with intellectual disability and epilepsy caused by BCKDK mutations represents a potentially treatable syndrome. AU - Gaia Novarino AU - El-Fishawy, Paul AU - Kayserili, Hülya AU - Meguid, Nagwa A AU - Scott, Eric M AU - Schroth, Jana AU - Silhavy, Jennifer L AU - Kara, Majdi AU - Khalil, Rehab O AU - Ben-Omran, Tawfeg I AU - Ercan-Sencicek, Adife G AU - Hashish, Adel F AU - Sanders, Stephan J AU - Gupta, Abha R AU - Hashem, Hebatalla S AU - Matern, Dietrich AU - Gabriel, Stacey B AU - Sweetman, Lawrence AU - Rahimi, Yasmeen AU - Harris, Robert A AU - State, Matthew W AU - Gleeson, Joseph G ID - 2314 IS - 6105 JF - Science TI - Mutations in BCKD-kinase lead to a potentially treatable form of autism with epilepsy VL - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We show that bosons interacting via pair potentials with negative scattering length form bound states for a suitable number of particles. In other words, the absence of many-particle bound states of any kind implies the non-negativity of the scattering length of the interaction potential. AU - Seiringer, Robert ID - 2318 IS - 3 JF - Journal of Spectral Theory TI - Absence of bound states implies non-negativity of the scattering length VL - 2 ER - TY - CONF AB - We present a summary of our recent rigorous derivation of the celebrated Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory, starting from the microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) model. Close to the critical temperature, GL arises as an effective theory on the macroscopic scale. The relevant scaling limit is semiclassical in nature, and semiclassical analysis, with minimal regularity assumptions, plays an important part in our proof. AU - Frank, Rupert L AU - Hainzl, Christian AU - Robert Seiringer AU - Solovej, Jan P ID - 2317 TI - Microscopic derivation of the Ginzburg-Landau model ER - TY - CONF AB - We summarize our recent results on the ground state energy of multi-polaron systems. In particular, we discuss stability and existence of the thermodynamic limit, and we discuss the absence of binding in the case of large Coulomb repulsion and the corresponding binding-unbinding transition. We also consider the Pekar-Tomasevich approximation to the ground state energy and we study radial symmetry of the ground state density. AU - Frank, Rupert L AU - Lieb, Élliott H AU - Robert Seiringer AU - Thomas, Lawrence E ID - 2316 TI - Ground state properties of multi-polaron systems ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Manin conjecture is established for Châtelet surfaces over Q aris-ing as minimal proper smooth models of the surface Y 2 + Z 2 = f(X) in A 3 Q, where f ∈ Z[X] is a totally reducible polynomial of degree 3 without repeated roots. These surfaces do not satisfy weak approximation. AU - de la Bretèche, Régis AU - Timothy Browning AU - Peyre, Emmanuel ID - 237 IS - 1 JF - Annals of Mathematics TI - On Manin's conjecture for a family of Châtelet surfaces VL - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For given positive integers a, b, q we investigate the density of solutions (x, y) ∈ Z2 to congruences ax + by2 ≡ 0 mod q. AU - Baier, Stephan AU - Timothy Browning ID - 238 IS - 2 JF - Functiones et Approximatio, Commentarii Mathematici TI - Inhomogeneous quadratic congruences VL - 47 ER - TY - CHAP AB - Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in cold atomic gases was first achieved experimentally in 1995 [1, 6]. After initial failed attempts with spin-polarized atomic hydrogen, the first successful demonstrations of this phenomenon used gases of rubidium and sodium atoms, respectively. Since then there has been a surge of activity in this field, with ingenious experiments putting forth more and more astonishing results about the behavior of matter at very cold temperatures. AU - Robert Seiringer ED - Rivasseau, Vincent ED - Robert Seiringer ED - Solovej, Jan P ED - Spencer, Thomas ID - 2399 T2 - Quantum Many Body Systems TI - Cold quantum gases and bose einstein condensation VL - 2051 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We study the BCS gap equation for a Fermi gas with unequal population of spin-up and spin-down states. For cosh (δ μ/T) ≤ 2, with T the temperature and δμ the chemical potential difference, the question of existence of non-trivial solutions can be reduced to spectral properties of a linear operator, similar to the unpolarized case studied previously in [Frank, R. L., Hainzl, C., Naboko, S., and Seiringer, R., J., Geom. Anal.17, 559-567 (2007)10.1007/BF02937429; Hainzl, C., Hamza, E., Seiringer, R., and Solovej, J. P., Commun., Math. Phys.281, 349-367 (2008)10.1007/s00220-008-0489-2; and Hainzl, C. and Seiringer, R., Phys. Rev. B77, 184517-110 435 (2008)]10.1103/PhysRevB.77.184517. For cosh (δ μ/T) > 2 the phase diagram is more complicated, however. We derive upper and lower bounds for the critical temperature, and study their behavior in the small coupling limit. AU - Freiji, Abraham AU - Hainzl, Christian AU - Robert Seiringer ID - 2394 IS - 1 JF - Journal of Mathematical Physics TI - The gap equation for spin-polarized fermions VL - 53 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We give the first rigorous derivation of the celebrated Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory, starting from the microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) model. Close to the critical temperature, GL arises as an effective theory on the macroscopic scale. The relevant scaling limit is semiclassical in nature, and semiclassical analysis, with minimal regularity assumptions, plays an important part in our proof. AU - Frank, Rupert L AU - Hainzl, Christian AU - Robert Seiringer AU - Solovej, Jan P ID - 2395 IS - 3 JF - Journal of the American Mathematical Society TI - Microscopic derivation of Ginzburg-Landau theory VL - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A positive temperature analogue of the scattering length of a potential V can be defined via integrating the difference of the heat kernels of -Δ and, with Δ the Laplacian. An upper bound on this quantity is a crucial input in the derivation of a bound on the critical temperature of a dilute Bose gas (Seiringer and Ueltschi in Phys Rev B 80:014502, 2009). In (Seiringer and Ueltschi in Phys Rev B 80:014502, 2009), a bound was given in the case of finite range potentials and sufficiently low temperature. In this paper, we improve the bound and extend it to potentials of infinite range. AU - Landon, Benjamin AU - Robert Seiringer ID - 2396 IS - 3 JF - Letters in Mathematical Physics TI - The scattering length at positive temperature VL - 100 ER -