@article{10387, abstract = {We report numerical simulations of membrane tubulation driven by large colloidal particles. Using Monte Carlo simulations we study how the process depends on particle size and binding strength, and present accurate free energy calculations to sort out how tube formation compares with the competing budding process. We find that tube formation is a result of the collective behavior of the particles adhering on the surface, and it occurs for binding strengths that are smaller than those required for budding. We also find that long linear aggregates of particles forming on the membrane surface act as nucleation seeds for tubulation by lowering the free energy barrier associated to the process.}, author = {Šarić, Anđela and Cacciuto, Angelo}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, keywords = {general physics and astronomy}, number = {18}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Mechanism of membrane tube formation induced by adhesive nanocomponents}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.109.188101}, volume = {109}, year = {2012}, } @article{10388, abstract = {Using computer simulations, we show that lipid membranes can mediate linear aggregation of spherical nanoparticles binding to it for a wide range of biologically relevant bending rigidities. This result is in net contrast with the isotropic aggregation of nanoparticles on fluid interfaces or the expected clustering of isotropic insertions in biological membranes. We present a phase diagram indicating where linear aggregation is expected and compute explicitly the free-energy barriers associated with linear and isotropic aggregation. Finally, we provide simple scaling arguments to explain this phenomenology.}, author = {Šarić, Anđela and Cacciuto, Angelo}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, keywords = {general physics and astronomy}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Fluid membranes can drive linear aggregation of adsorbed spherical nanoparticles}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.108.118101}, volume = {108}, year = {2012}, } @article{1055, abstract = {In July, 2011, a 32-year-old man presented with thoracic pain radiating to the left arm and upper dorsum, shortness of breath, and palpitations. He had had upper back tension for 6 months. Medical history was unremarkable apart from moderate nicotine use (two pack-years). Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and laboratory tests were unremarkable, excluding a cardiac event. CT of the chest after chest radiography showed a large bulla of 16 cm diameter in the right hemithorax (figure A). We did not detect radiological evidence of underlying pulmonary disease. The bulla wall was unremarkable and no structures were seen within the bulla.}, author = {Erne, Barbara and Graff, Mareike and Klemm, Wolfram and Danzl, Johann G and Leschber, Gunda}, journal = {The Lancet}, number = {9849}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Bulla in the lung}}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60690-4}, volume = {380}, year = {2012}, } @article{1056, abstract = {We prepare and study a metastable attractive Mott-insulator state formed with bosonic atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Starting from a Mott insulator with Cs atoms at weak repulsive interactions, we use a magnetic Feshbach resonance to tune the interactions to large attractive values and produce a metastable state pinned by attractive interactions with a lifetime on the order of 10 s. We probe the (de)excitation spectrum via lattice modulation spectroscopy, measuring the interaction dependence of two- and three-body bound-state energies. As a result of increased on-site three-body loss we observe resonance broadening and suppression of tunneling processes that produce three-body occupation.}, author = {Mark, Manfred and Haller, Elmar and Lauber, Katharina and Danzl, Johann G and Janisch, Alexander and Büchler, Hans and Daley, Andrew and Nägerl, Hanns}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {21}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Preparation and spectroscopy of a metastable mott-insulator state with attractive interactions}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.215302}, volume = {108}, year = {2012}, } @inproceedings{10750, abstract = {The goal of this work is to study the superconducting coherence length in the fluctuation regime in cuprate superconductors. In this work we present cantilever torque magnetometry measurements of micron-size BSCCO flakes patterned with arrays of nanometer scale rings or holes. Using ultrasensitive dynamic torque magnetometry, oscillations in magnetization are observed near Tc as a function of the applied magnetic flux threading the array. Special effort was made to detect the oscillations in magnetization at temperatures above Tc, where the Nernst effect and magnetization measurements suggest the possibility of pairing. To constrain the magnitude of the coherence length in the fluctuation regime, we will present the dependence of the amplitude of the h/2e period oscillations as a function of temperature and hole size.}, author = {Polshyn, Hryhoriy and Budakian, Raffi}, booktitle = {APS March Meeting 2012}, issn = {0003-0503}, location = {Boston, MA, United States}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Cantilever torque magnetometry study of multiply connected BSCCO arrays near Tc}}, volume = {57}, year = {2012}, } @inbook{10896, abstract = {Under physiological conditions the brain, via the purine salvage pathway, reuses the preformed purine bases hypoxanthine, derived from ATP degradation, and adenine (Ade), derived from polyamine synthesis, to restore its ATP pool. However, the massive degradation of ATP during ischemia, although providing valuable neuroprotective adenosine, results in the accumulation and loss of diffusible purine metabolites and thereby leads to a protracted reduction in the post-ischemic ATP pool size. In vivo, this may both limit the ability to deploy ATP-dependent reparative mechanisms and reduce the subsequent availability of adenosine, whilst in brain slices results in tissue with substantially lower levels of ATP than in vivo. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms by which brain tissue replenishes its ATP, how this can be improved with the clinically tolerated chemicals D-ribose and adenine, and the functional, and potential therapeutic, implications of doing so.}, author = {zur Nedden, Stephanie and Doney, Alexander S. and Frenguelli, Bruno G.}, booktitle = {Adenosine}, editor = {Masino, Susan and Boison, Detlev}, isbn = {9781461439028}, pages = {109--129}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{The double-edged sword: Gaining Adenosine at the expense of ATP. How to balance the books}}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-3903-5_6}, year = {2012}, } @article{11089, abstract = {The Nuclear Envelope (NE) contains over 100 different proteins that associate with nuclear components such as chromatin, the lamina and the transcription machinery. Mutations in genes encoding NE proteins have been shown to result in tissue-specific defects and disease, suggesting cell-type specific differences in NE composition and function. Consistent with these observations, recent studies have revealed unexpected functions for numerous NE associated proteins during cell differentiation and development. Here we review the latest insights into the roles played by the NE in cell differentiation, development, disease and aging, focusing primarily on inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins and nuclear pore components.}, author = {Gomez-Cavazos, J Sebastian and HETZER, Martin W}, issn = {0955-0674}, journal = {Current Opinion in Cell Biology}, keywords = {Cell Biology}, number = {6}, pages = {775--783}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Outfits for different occasions: tissue-specific roles of Nuclear Envelope proteins}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ceb.2012.08.008}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, } @article{11091, abstract = {Neoplastic cells are often characterized by specific morphological abnormalities of the nuclear envelope (NE), which have been used for cancer diagnosis for more than a century. The NE is a double phospholipid bilayer that encapsulates the nuclear genome, regulates all nuclear trafficking of RNAs and proteins and prevents the passive diffusion of macromolecules between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm. Whether there is a consequence to the proper functioning of the cell and loss of structural integrity of the nucleus remains unclear. Using live cell imaging, we characterize a phenomenon wherein nuclei of several proliferating human cancer cell lines become temporarily ruptured during interphase. Strikingly, NE rupturing was associated with the mislocalization of nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins and, in the most extreme cases, the entrapment of cytoplasmic organelles in the nuclear interior. In addition, we observed the formation of micronuclei-like structures during interphase and the movement of chromatin out of the nuclear space. The frequency of these NE rupturing events was higher in cells in which the nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filaments providing mechanical support to the NE, was not properly formed. Our data uncover the existence of a NE instability that has the potential to change the genomic landscape of cancer cells.}, author = {Vargas, Jesse D. and Hatch, Emily M. and Anderson, Daniel J. and HETZER, Martin W}, issn = {1949-1042}, journal = {Nucleus}, keywords = {Cell Biology}, number = {1}, pages = {88--100}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {{Transient nuclear envelope rupturing during interphase in human cancer cells}}, doi = {10.4161/nucl.18954}, volume = {3}, year = {2012}, } @article{11093, abstract = {Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are built from ∼30 different proteins called nucleoporins or Nups. Previous studies have shown that several Nups exhibit cell-type-specific expression and that mutations in NPC components result in tissue-specific diseases. Here we show that a specific change in NPC composition is required for both myogenic and neuronal differentiation. The transmembrane nucleoporin Nup210 is absent in proliferating myoblasts and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but becomes expressed and incorporated into NPCs during cell differentiation. Preventing Nup210 production by RNAi blocks myogenesis and the differentiation of ESCs into neuroprogenitors. We found that the addition of Nup210 to NPCs does not affect nuclear transport but is required for the induction of genes that are essential for cell differentiation. Our results identify a single change in NPC composition as an essential step in cell differentiation and establish a role for Nup210 in gene expression regulation and cell fate determination.}, author = {D'Angelo, Maximiliano A. and Gomez-Cavazos, J. Sebastian and Mei, Arianna and Lackner, Daniel H. and HETZER, Martin W}, issn = {1534-5807}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, keywords = {Developmental Biology, Cell Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology}, number = {2}, pages = {446--458}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{A change in nuclear pore complex composition regulates cell differentiation}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2011.11.021}, volume = {22}, year = {2012}, } @article{11092, abstract = {To combat the functional decline of the proteome, cells use the process of protein turnover to replace potentially impaired polypeptides with new functional copies. We found that extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) did not turn over in postmitotic cells of the rat central nervous system. These ELLPs were associated with chromatin and the nuclear pore complex, the central transport channels that mediate all molecular trafficking in and out of the nucleus. The longevity of these proteins would be expected to expose them to potentially harmful metabolites, putting them at risk of accumulating damage over extended periods of time. Thus, it is possible that failure to maintain proper levels and functional integrity of ELLPs in nonproliferative cells might contribute to age-related deterioration in cell and tissue function.}, author = {Savas, Jeffrey N. and Toyama, Brandon H. and Xu, Tao and Yates, John R. and HETZER, Martin W}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, keywords = {Multidisciplinary}, number = {6071}, pages = {942--942}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Extremely long-lived nuclear pore proteins in the rat brain}}, doi = {10.1126/science.1217421}, volume = {335}, year = {2012}, }