---
_id: '1044'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Control over all internal and external degrees of freedom of molecules at
the level of single quantum states will enable a series of fundamental studies
in physics and chemistry1,2. In particular, samples of ground-state molecules
at ultralow temperatures and high number densities will facilitate new quantum-gas
studies3 and future applications in quantum information science4. However, high
phase-space densities for molecular samples are not readily attainable because
efficient cooling techniques such as laser cooling are lacking. Here we produce
an ultracold and dense sample of molecules in a single hyperfine level of the
rovibronic ground state with each molecule individually trapped in the motional
ground state of an optical lattice well. Starting from a zero-temperature atomic
Mott-insulator state with optimized double-site occupancy6, weakly bound dimer
molecules are efficiently associated on a Feshbach resonance7 and subsequently
transferred to the rovibronic ground state by a stimulated four-photon process
with >50% efficiency. The molecules are trapped in the lattice and have a lifetime
of 8 s. Our results present a crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation
of ground-state molecules and, when suitably generalized to polar heteronuclear
molecules, the realization of dipolar quantum-gas phases in optical lattices8-10.
acknowledgement: We thank H. Ritsch, S. Dürr, N. Bouloufa and O. Dulieu for valuable
discussions. We are indebted to R. Grimm for generous support and to H. Häffner
for the loan of a charge-coupled camera. We gratefully acknowledge financial support
by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft
und Forschung) and the Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen
Forschung) in the form of a START prize grant and by the European Science Foundation
within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM and within
the framework of the EuroQUAM collective research project QuDipMol. R.H. is supported
by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community
Framework Programme.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Johann G
full_name: Danzl, Johann G
id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Danzl
orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Manfred
full_name: Mark, Manfred
last_name: Mark
- first_name: Elmar
full_name: Haller, Elmar
last_name: Haller
- first_name: Mattias
full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias
last_name: Gustavsson
- first_name: Russell
full_name: Hart, Russell
last_name: Hart
- first_name: Jesus
full_name: Aldegunde, Jesus
last_name: Aldegunde
- first_name: Jeremy
full_name: Hutson, Jeremy
last_name: Hutson
- first_name: Hanns
full_name: Nägerl, Hanns
last_name: Nägerl
citation:
ama: Danzl JG, Mark M, Haller E, et al. An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic
ground-state molecules in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. 2010;6(4):265-270.
doi:10.1038/nphys1533
apa: Danzl, J. G., Mark, M., Haller, E., Gustavsson, M., Hart, R., Aldegunde, J.,
… Nägerl, H. (2010). An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state
molecules in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. Nature Publishing Group.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1533
chicago: Danzl, Johann G, Manfred Mark, Elmar Haller, Mattias Gustavsson, Russell
Hart, Jesus Aldegunde, Jeremy Hutson, and Hanns Nägerl. “An Ultracold High-Density
Sample of Rovibronic Ground-State Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” Nature
Physics. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1533.
ieee: J. G. Danzl et al., “An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic
ground-state molecules in an optical lattice,” Nature Physics, vol. 6,
no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 265–270, 2010.
ista: Danzl JG, Mark M, Haller E, Gustavsson M, Hart R, Aldegunde J, Hutson J, Nägerl
H. 2010. An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules
in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. 6(4), 265–270.
mla: Danzl, Johann G., et al. “An Ultracold High-Density Sample of Rovibronic Ground-State
Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” Nature Physics, vol. 6, no. 4, Nature
Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 265–70, doi:10.1038/nphys1533.
short: J.G. Danzl, M. Mark, E. Haller, M. Gustavsson, R. Hart, J. Aldegunde, J.
Hutson, H. Nägerl, Nature Physics 6 (2010) 265–270.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z
date_published: 2010-04-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1038/nphys1533
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '0909.4700'
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.4700
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 265 - 270
publication: Nature Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6345'
status: public
title: An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an
optical lattice
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '1045'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We report on the observation of confinement-induced resonances in strongly
interacting quantum-gas systems with tunable interactions for one- and two-dimensional
geometry. Atom-atom scattering is substantially modified when the s-wave scattering
length approaches the length scale associated with the tight transversal confinement,
leading to characteristic loss and heating signatures. Upon introducing an anisotropy
for the transversal confinement we observe a splitting of the confinement-induced
resonance. With increasing anisotropy additional resonances appear. In the limit
of a two-dimensional system we find that one resonance persists.
acknowledgement: We thank W. Zwerger for discussions and R. Grimm for generous support.
We acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund and by the European Union within
the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R. H. is supported
by a Marie Curie Fellowship within FP7. P. S. acknowledges financial support by
the DFG. Financial support by the Heisenberg-Landau Program is appreciated by P. S.
and V. M.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Elmar
full_name: Haller, Elmar
last_name: Haller
- first_name: Manfred
full_name: Mark, Manfred
last_name: Mark
- first_name: Russell
full_name: Hart, Russell
last_name: Hart
- first_name: Johann G
full_name: Danzl, Johann G
id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Danzl
orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas
last_name: Reichsöllner
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Melezhik, Vladimir
last_name: Melezhik
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Schmelcher, Peter
last_name: Schmelcher
- first_name: Hanns
full_name: Nägerl, Hanns
last_name: Nägerl
citation:
ama: Haller E, Mark M, Hart R, et al. Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional
quantum systems. Physical Review Letters. 2010;104(15). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203
apa: Haller, E., Mark, M., Hart, R., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., Melezhik, V.,
… Nägerl, H. (2010). Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum
systems. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203
chicago: Haller, Elmar, Manfred Mark, Russell Hart, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner,
Vladimir Melezhik, Peter Schmelcher, and Hanns Nägerl. “Confinement-Induced Resonances
in Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems.” Physical Review Letters. American
Physical Society, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203.
ieee: E. Haller et al., “Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional
quantum systems,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 15. American Physical
Society, 2010.
ista: Haller E, Mark M, Hart R, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Melezhik V, Schmelcher
P, Nägerl H. 2010. Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems.
Physical Review Letters. 104(15).
mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Confinement-Induced Resonances in Low-Dimensional Quantum
Systems.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 15, American Physical
Society, 2010, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203.
short: E. Haller, M. Mark, R. Hart, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, V. Melezhik, P.
Schmelcher, H. Nägerl, Physical Review Letters 104 (2010).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z
date_published: 2010-04-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1002.3795'
intvolume: ' 104'
issue: '15'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3795
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '6344'
status: public
title: Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 104
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '1049'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Quantum many-body systems can have phase transitions even at zero temperature;
fluctuations arising from Heisenbergĝ€™s uncertainty principle, as opposed to
thermal effects, drive the system from one phase to another. Typically, during
the transition the relative strength of two competing terms in the systemĝ€™s
Hamiltonian changes across a finite critical value. A well-known example is the
Mottĝ€" Hubbard quantum phase transition from a superfluid to an insulating
phase, which has been observed for weakly interacting bosonic atomic gases. However,
for strongly interacting quantum systems confined to lower-dimensional geometry,
a novel type of quantum phase transition may be induced and driven by an arbitrarily
weak perturbation to the Hamiltonian. Here we observe such an effectĝ€"the
sineĝ€"Gordon quantum phase transition from a superfluid Luttinger liquid
to a Mott insulatorĝ€ "in a one-dimensional quantum gas of bosonic caesium
atoms with tunable interactions. For sufficiently strong interactions, the transition
is induced by adding an arbitrarily weak optical lattice commensurate with the
atomic granularity, which leads to immediate pinning of the atoms. We map out
the phase diagram and find that our measurements in the strongly interacting regime
agree well with a quantum field description based on the exactly solvable sineĝ€"Gordon
model. We trace the phase boundary all the way to the weakly interacting regime,
where we find good agreement with the predictions of the one-dimensional Boseĝ€"Hubbard
model. Our results open up the experimental study of quantum phase transitions,
criticality and transport phenomena beyond Hubbard-type models in the context
of ultracold gases.
acknowledgement: We thank W. Zwerger for discussions. We are indebted to R. Grimm
for generous support. We gratefully acknowledge funding by the Austrian Ministry
of Science and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung) and the
Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) in
the form of a START prize grant, and by the European Union through the STREP FP7-ICT-2007-C
project NAME-QUAM (Nanodesigning of Atomic and Molecular Quantum Matter) and within
the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R.H. is supported
by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community
Framework Programme.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Elmar
full_name: Haller, Elmar
last_name: Haller
- first_name: Russell
full_name: Hart, Russell
last_name: Hart
- first_name: Manfred
full_name: Mark, Manfred
last_name: Mark
- first_name: Johann G
full_name: Danzl, Johann G
id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Danzl
orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas
last_name: Reichsöllner
- first_name: Mattias
full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias
last_name: Gustavsson
- first_name: Marcello
full_name: Dalmonte, Marcello
last_name: Dalmonte
- first_name: Guido
full_name: Pupillo, Guido
last_name: Pupillo
- first_name: Hanns
full_name: Nägerl, Hanns
last_name: Nägerl
citation:
ama: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, et al. Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger
liquid of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. 2010;466(7306):597-600.
doi:10.1038/nature09259
apa: Haller, E., Hart, R., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., Gustavsson,
M., … Nägerl, H. (2010). Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid
of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09259
chicago: Haller, Elmar, Russell Hart, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner,
Mattias Gustavsson, Marcello Dalmonte, Guido Pupillo, and Hanns Nägerl. “Pinning
Quantum Phase Transition for a Luttinger Liquid of Strongly Interacting Bosons.”
Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09259.
ieee: E. Haller et al., “Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger
liquid of strongly interacting bosons,” Nature, vol. 466, no. 7306. Nature
Publishing Group, pp. 597–600, 2010.
ista: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Gustavsson M, Dalmonte
M, Pupillo G, Nägerl H. 2010. Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger
liquid of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. 466(7306), 597–600.
mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Pinning Quantum Phase Transition for a Luttinger Liquid
of Strongly Interacting Bosons.” Nature, vol. 466, no. 7306, Nature Publishing
Group, 2010, pp. 597–600, doi:10.1038/nature09259.
short: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, M. Gustavsson,
M. Dalmonte, G. Pupillo, H. Nägerl, Nature 466 (2010) 597–600.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:52Z
date_published: 2010-07-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:54Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1038/nature09259
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1004.3168'
intvolume: ' 466'
issue: '7306'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.3168
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 597 - 600
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6341'
status: public
title: Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting
bosons
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 466
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '1047'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Particles in a perfect lattice potential perform Bloch oscillations when subject
to a constant force, leading to localization and preventing conductivity. For
a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of Cs atoms, we observe giant center-of-mass
oscillations in position space with a displacement across hundreds of lattice
sites when we add a periodic modulation to the force near the Bloch frequency.
We study the dependence of these "super" Bloch oscillations on lattice
depth, modulation amplitude, and modulation frequency and show that they provide
a means to induce linear transport in a dissipation-free lattice.
acknowledgement: We thank A. R. Kolovsky, A. Zenesini, and A. Wacker for discussions
and R. Grimm for generous support. We acknowledge funding by the Austrian Ministry
of Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund and by the European Union
within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R. H.
is supported by a Marie Curie Action within FP7.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Elmar
full_name: Haller, Elmar
last_name: Haller
- first_name: Russell
full_name: Hart, Russell
last_name: Hart
- first_name: Manfred
full_name: Mark, Manfred
last_name: Mark
- first_name: Johann G
full_name: Danzl, Johann G
id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Danzl
orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas
last_name: Reichsöllner
- first_name: Hanns
full_name: Nägerl, Hanns
last_name: Nägerl
citation:
ama: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Nägerl H. Inducing transport
in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations. Physical Review
Letters. 2010;104(20). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403
apa: Haller, E., Hart, R., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., & Nägerl,
H. (2010). Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations.
Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403
chicago: Haller, Elmar, Russell Hart, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner,
and Hanns Nägerl. “Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with Super
Bloch Oscillations.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society,
2010. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403.
ieee: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J. G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, and H. Nägerl,
“Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations,”
Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 20. American Physical Society, 2010.
ista: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Nägerl H. 2010. Inducing
transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations. Physical
Review Letters. 104(20).
mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with
Super Bloch Oscillations.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 20, American
Physical Society, 2010, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403.
short: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, H. Nägerl, Physical
Review Letters 104 (2010).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:52Z
date_published: 2010-05-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:54Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1001.1206'
intvolume: ' 104'
issue: '20'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.1206
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
publist_id: '6343'
status: public
title: Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 104
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '1046'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The phenomenon of matter-wave interference lies at the heart of quantum physics.
It has been observed in various contexts in the limit of non-interacting particles
as a single-particle effect. Here we observe and control matter-wave interference
whose evolution is driven by interparticle interactions. In a multi-path matter-wave
interferometer, the macroscopic manybody wave function of an interacting atomic
Bose-Einstein condensate develops a regular interference pattern, allowing us
to detect and directly visualize the effect of interaction-induced phase shifts.
We demonstrate control over the phase evolution by inhibiting interaction-induced
dephasing and by refocusing a dephased macroscopic matter wave in a spin-echo-type
experiment. Our results show that interactions in a many-body system lead to a
surprisingly coherent evolution, possibly enabling narrow-band and high-brightness
matterwave interferometers based on atom lasers.
acknowledgement: We thank E Arimondo, O Morsch, W Schleich, A Smerzi, D Witthaut and
A Buchleitner and his group for helpful discussions. We also thank R Grimm for generous
support. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Austrian Ministry of Science
and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung) and the Austrian
Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) in the form
of a START prize grant and through SFB 15. RH is supported by a Marie Curie International
Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Mattias
full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias
last_name: Gustavsson
- first_name: Elmar
full_name: Haller, Elmar
last_name: Haller
- first_name: Manfred
full_name: Mark, Manfred
last_name: Mark
- first_name: Johann G
full_name: Danzl, Johann G
id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Danzl
orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973
- first_name: Russell
full_name: Hart, Russell
last_name: Hart
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Daley, Andrew
last_name: Daley
- first_name: Hanns
full_name: Nägerl, Hanns
last_name: Nägerl
citation:
ama: Gustavsson M, Haller E, Mark M, et al. Interference of interacting matter waves.
New Journal of Physics. 2010;12. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029
apa: Gustavsson, M., Haller, E., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Hart, R., Daley, A., &
Nägerl, H. (2010). Interference of interacting matter waves. New Journal of
Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029
chicago: Gustavsson, Mattias, Elmar Haller, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Russell
Hart, Andrew Daley, and Hanns Nägerl. “Interference of Interacting Matter Waves.”
New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029.
ieee: M. Gustavsson et al., “Interference of interacting matter waves,” New
Journal of Physics, vol. 12. IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010.
ista: Gustavsson M, Haller E, Mark M, Danzl JG, Hart R, Daley A, Nägerl H. 2010.
Interference of interacting matter waves. New Journal of Physics. 12.
mla: Gustavsson, Mattias, et al. “Interference of Interacting Matter Waves.” New
Journal of Physics, vol. 12, IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029.
short: M. Gustavsson, E. Haller, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, R. Hart, A. Daley, H. Nägerl,
New Journal of Physics 12 (2010).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z
date_published: 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
publication: New Journal of Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing Ltd.
publist_id: '6342'
status: public
title: Interference of interacting matter waves
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 12
year: '2010'
...