--- _id: '1044' abstract: - lang: eng text: Control over all internal and external degrees of freedom of molecules at the level of single quantum states will enable a series of fundamental studies in physics and chemistry1,2. In particular, samples of ground-state molecules at ultralow temperatures and high number densities will facilitate new quantum-gas studies3 and future applications in quantum information science4. However, high phase-space densities for molecular samples are not readily attainable because efficient cooling techniques such as laser cooling are lacking. Here we produce an ultracold and dense sample of molecules in a single hyperfine level of the rovibronic ground state with each molecule individually trapped in the motional ground state of an optical lattice well. Starting from a zero-temperature atomic Mott-insulator state with optimized double-site occupancy6, weakly bound dimer molecules are efficiently associated on a Feshbach resonance7 and subsequently transferred to the rovibronic ground state by a stimulated four-photon process with >50% efficiency. The molecules are trapped in the lattice and have a lifetime of 8 s. Our results present a crucial step towards Bose-Einstein condensation of ground-state molecules and, when suitably generalized to polar heteronuclear molecules, the realization of dipolar quantum-gas phases in optical lattices8-10. acknowledgement: We thank H. Ritsch, S. Dürr, N. Bouloufa and O. Dulieu for valuable discussions. We are indebted to R. Grimm for generous support and to H. Häffner for the loan of a charge-coupled camera. We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung) and the Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) in the form of a START prize grant and by the European Science Foundation within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM and within the framework of the EuroQUAM collective research project QuDipMol. R.H. is supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Johann G full_name: Danzl, Johann G id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Danzl orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973 - first_name: Manfred full_name: Mark, Manfred last_name: Mark - first_name: Elmar full_name: Haller, Elmar last_name: Haller - first_name: Mattias full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias last_name: Gustavsson - first_name: Russell full_name: Hart, Russell last_name: Hart - first_name: Jesus full_name: Aldegunde, Jesus last_name: Aldegunde - first_name: Jeremy full_name: Hutson, Jeremy last_name: Hutson - first_name: Hanns full_name: Nägerl, Hanns last_name: Nägerl citation: ama: Danzl JG, Mark M, Haller E, et al. An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. 2010;6(4):265-270. doi:10.1038/nphys1533 apa: Danzl, J. G., Mark, M., Haller, E., Gustavsson, M., Hart, R., Aldegunde, J., … Nägerl, H. (2010). An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1533 chicago: Danzl, Johann G, Manfred Mark, Elmar Haller, Mattias Gustavsson, Russell Hart, Jesus Aldegunde, Jeremy Hutson, and Hanns Nägerl. “An Ultracold High-Density Sample of Rovibronic Ground-State Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” Nature Physics. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1533. ieee: J. G. Danzl et al., “An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice,” Nature Physics, vol. 6, no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 265–270, 2010. ista: Danzl JG, Mark M, Haller E, Gustavsson M, Hart R, Aldegunde J, Hutson J, Nägerl H. 2010. An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice. Nature Physics. 6(4), 265–270. mla: Danzl, Johann G., et al. “An Ultracold High-Density Sample of Rovibronic Ground-State Molecules in an Optical Lattice.” Nature Physics, vol. 6, no. 4, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 265–70, doi:10.1038/nphys1533. short: J.G. Danzl, M. Mark, E. Haller, M. Gustavsson, R. Hart, J. Aldegunde, J. Hutson, H. Nägerl, Nature Physics 6 (2010) 265–270. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z date_published: 2010-04-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z day: '04' doi: 10.1038/nphys1533 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '0909.4700' intvolume: ' 6' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.4700 month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 265 - 270 publication: Nature Physics publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '6345' status: public title: An ultracold high-density sample of rovibronic ground-state molecules in an optical lattice type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 6 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '1045' abstract: - lang: eng text: We report on the observation of confinement-induced resonances in strongly interacting quantum-gas systems with tunable interactions for one- and two-dimensional geometry. Atom-atom scattering is substantially modified when the s-wave scattering length approaches the length scale associated with the tight transversal confinement, leading to characteristic loss and heating signatures. Upon introducing an anisotropy for the transversal confinement we observe a splitting of the confinement-induced resonance. With increasing anisotropy additional resonances appear. In the limit of a two-dimensional system we find that one resonance persists. acknowledgement: We thank W. Zwerger for discussions and R. Grimm for generous support. We acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund and by the European Union within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R. H. is supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship within FP7. P. S. acknowledges financial support by the DFG. Financial support by the Heisenberg-Landau Program is appreciated by P. S. and V. M. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Elmar full_name: Haller, Elmar last_name: Haller - first_name: Manfred full_name: Mark, Manfred last_name: Mark - first_name: Russell full_name: Hart, Russell last_name: Hart - first_name: Johann G full_name: Danzl, Johann G id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Danzl orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973 - first_name: Lukas full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas last_name: Reichsöllner - first_name: Vladimir full_name: Melezhik, Vladimir last_name: Melezhik - first_name: Peter full_name: Schmelcher, Peter last_name: Schmelcher - first_name: Hanns full_name: Nägerl, Hanns last_name: Nägerl citation: ama: Haller E, Mark M, Hart R, et al. Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems. Physical Review Letters. 2010;104(15). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203 apa: Haller, E., Mark, M., Hart, R., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., Melezhik, V., … Nägerl, H. (2010). Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203 chicago: Haller, Elmar, Manfred Mark, Russell Hart, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner, Vladimir Melezhik, Peter Schmelcher, and Hanns Nägerl. “Confinement-Induced Resonances in Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203. ieee: E. Haller et al., “Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 15. American Physical Society, 2010. ista: Haller E, Mark M, Hart R, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Melezhik V, Schmelcher P, Nägerl H. 2010. Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems. Physical Review Letters. 104(15). mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Confinement-Induced Resonances in Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 15, American Physical Society, 2010, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203. short: E. Haller, M. Mark, R. Hart, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, V. Melezhik, P. Schmelcher, H. Nägerl, Physical Review Letters 104 (2010). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z date_published: 2010-04-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z day: '14' doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.153203 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '1002.3795' intvolume: ' 104' issue: '15' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.3795 month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: Physical Review Letters publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society publist_id: '6344' status: public title: Confinement-induced resonances in low-dimensional quantum systems type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 104 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '1049' abstract: - lang: eng text: Quantum many-body systems can have phase transitions even at zero temperature; fluctuations arising from Heisenbergĝ€™s uncertainty principle, as opposed to thermal effects, drive the system from one phase to another. Typically, during the transition the relative strength of two competing terms in the systemĝ€™s Hamiltonian changes across a finite critical value. A well-known example is the Mottĝ€" Hubbard quantum phase transition from a superfluid to an insulating phase, which has been observed for weakly interacting bosonic atomic gases. However, for strongly interacting quantum systems confined to lower-dimensional geometry, a novel type of quantum phase transition may be induced and driven by an arbitrarily weak perturbation to the Hamiltonian. Here we observe such an effectĝ€"the sineĝ€"Gordon quantum phase transition from a superfluid Luttinger liquid to a Mott insulatorĝ€ "in a one-dimensional quantum gas of bosonic caesium atoms with tunable interactions. For sufficiently strong interactions, the transition is induced by adding an arbitrarily weak optical lattice commensurate with the atomic granularity, which leads to immediate pinning of the atoms. We map out the phase diagram and find that our measurements in the strongly interacting regime agree well with a quantum field description based on the exactly solvable sineĝ€"Gordon model. We trace the phase boundary all the way to the weakly interacting regime, where we find good agreement with the predictions of the one-dimensional Boseĝ€"Hubbard model. Our results open up the experimental study of quantum phase transitions, criticality and transport phenomena beyond Hubbard-type models in the context of ultracold gases. acknowledgement: We thank W. Zwerger for discussions. We are indebted to R. Grimm for generous support. We gratefully acknowledge funding by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung) and the Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) in the form of a START prize grant, and by the European Union through the STREP FP7-ICT-2007-C project NAME-QUAM (Nanodesigning of Atomic and Molecular Quantum Matter) and within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R.H. is supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Elmar full_name: Haller, Elmar last_name: Haller - first_name: Russell full_name: Hart, Russell last_name: Hart - first_name: Manfred full_name: Mark, Manfred last_name: Mark - first_name: Johann G full_name: Danzl, Johann G id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Danzl orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973 - first_name: Lukas full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas last_name: Reichsöllner - first_name: Mattias full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias last_name: Gustavsson - first_name: Marcello full_name: Dalmonte, Marcello last_name: Dalmonte - first_name: Guido full_name: Pupillo, Guido last_name: Pupillo - first_name: Hanns full_name: Nägerl, Hanns last_name: Nägerl citation: ama: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, et al. Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. 2010;466(7306):597-600. doi:10.1038/nature09259 apa: Haller, E., Hart, R., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., Gustavsson, M., … Nägerl, H. (2010). Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09259 chicago: Haller, Elmar, Russell Hart, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner, Mattias Gustavsson, Marcello Dalmonte, Guido Pupillo, and Hanns Nägerl. “Pinning Quantum Phase Transition for a Luttinger Liquid of Strongly Interacting Bosons.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09259. ieee: E. Haller et al., “Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting bosons,” Nature, vol. 466, no. 7306. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 597–600, 2010. ista: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Gustavsson M, Dalmonte M, Pupillo G, Nägerl H. 2010. Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting bosons. Nature. 466(7306), 597–600. mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Pinning Quantum Phase Transition for a Luttinger Liquid of Strongly Interacting Bosons.” Nature, vol. 466, no. 7306, Nature Publishing Group, 2010, pp. 597–600, doi:10.1038/nature09259. short: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, M. Gustavsson, M. Dalmonte, G. Pupillo, H. Nägerl, Nature 466 (2010) 597–600. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:52Z date_published: 2010-07-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:54Z day: '29' doi: 10.1038/nature09259 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '1004.3168' intvolume: ' 466' issue: '7306' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.3168 month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 597 - 600 publication: Nature publication_status: published publisher: Nature Publishing Group publist_id: '6341' status: public title: Pinning quantum phase transition for a Luttinger liquid of strongly interacting bosons type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 466 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '1047' abstract: - lang: eng text: Particles in a perfect lattice potential perform Bloch oscillations when subject to a constant force, leading to localization and preventing conductivity. For a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of Cs atoms, we observe giant center-of-mass oscillations in position space with a displacement across hundreds of lattice sites when we add a periodic modulation to the force near the Bloch frequency. We study the dependence of these "super" Bloch oscillations on lattice depth, modulation amplitude, and modulation frequency and show that they provide a means to induce linear transport in a dissipation-free lattice. acknowledgement: We thank A. R. Kolovsky, A. Zenesini, and A. Wacker for discussions and R. Grimm for generous support. We acknowledge funding by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund and by the European Union within the framework of the EuroQUASAR collective research project QuDeGPM. R. H. is supported by a Marie Curie Action within FP7. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Elmar full_name: Haller, Elmar last_name: Haller - first_name: Russell full_name: Hart, Russell last_name: Hart - first_name: Manfred full_name: Mark, Manfred last_name: Mark - first_name: Johann G full_name: Danzl, Johann G id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Danzl orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973 - first_name: Lukas full_name: Reichsöllner, Lukas last_name: Reichsöllner - first_name: Hanns full_name: Nägerl, Hanns last_name: Nägerl citation: ama: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Nägerl H. Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations. Physical Review Letters. 2010;104(20). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403 apa: Haller, E., Hart, R., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Reichsöllner, L., & Nägerl, H. (2010). Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403 chicago: Haller, Elmar, Russell Hart, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner, and Hanns Nägerl. “Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with Super Bloch Oscillations.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403. ieee: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J. G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, and H. Nägerl, “Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 20. American Physical Society, 2010. ista: Haller E, Hart R, Mark M, Danzl JG, Reichsöllner L, Nägerl H. 2010. Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations. Physical Review Letters. 104(20). mla: Haller, Elmar, et al. “Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with Super Bloch Oscillations.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 104, no. 20, American Physical Society, 2010, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403. short: E. Haller, R. Hart, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, L. Reichsöllner, H. Nägerl, Physical Review Letters 104 (2010). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:52Z date_published: 2010-05-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:54Z day: '21' doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.200403 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '1001.1206' intvolume: ' 104' issue: '20' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.1206 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: Physical Review Letters publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society publist_id: '6343' status: public title: Inducing transport in a dissipation-free lattice with super bloch oscillations type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 104 year: '2010' ... --- _id: '1046' abstract: - lang: eng text: The phenomenon of matter-wave interference lies at the heart of quantum physics. It has been observed in various contexts in the limit of non-interacting particles as a single-particle effect. Here we observe and control matter-wave interference whose evolution is driven by interparticle interactions. In a multi-path matter-wave interferometer, the macroscopic manybody wave function of an interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate develops a regular interference pattern, allowing us to detect and directly visualize the effect of interaction-induced phase shifts. We demonstrate control over the phase evolution by inhibiting interaction-induced dephasing and by refocusing a dephased macroscopic matter wave in a spin-echo-type experiment. Our results show that interactions in a many-body system lead to a surprisingly coherent evolution, possibly enabling narrow-band and high-brightness matterwave interferometers based on atom lasers. acknowledgement: We thank E Arimondo, O Morsch, W Schleich, A Smerzi, D Witthaut and A Buchleitner and his group for helpful discussions. We also thank R Grimm for generous support. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung) and the Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung) in the form of a START prize grant and through SFB 15. RH is supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Mattias full_name: Gustavsson, Mattias last_name: Gustavsson - first_name: Elmar full_name: Haller, Elmar last_name: Haller - first_name: Manfred full_name: Mark, Manfred last_name: Mark - first_name: Johann G full_name: Danzl, Johann G id: 42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Danzl orcid: 0000-0001-8559-3973 - first_name: Russell full_name: Hart, Russell last_name: Hart - first_name: Andrew full_name: Daley, Andrew last_name: Daley - first_name: Hanns full_name: Nägerl, Hanns last_name: Nägerl citation: ama: Gustavsson M, Haller E, Mark M, et al. Interference of interacting matter waves. New Journal of Physics. 2010;12. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029 apa: Gustavsson, M., Haller, E., Mark, M., Danzl, J. G., Hart, R., Daley, A., & Nägerl, H. (2010). Interference of interacting matter waves. New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029 chicago: Gustavsson, Mattias, Elmar Haller, Manfred Mark, Johann G Danzl, Russell Hart, Andrew Daley, and Hanns Nägerl. “Interference of Interacting Matter Waves.” New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029. ieee: M. Gustavsson et al., “Interference of interacting matter waves,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 12. IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010. ista: Gustavsson M, Haller E, Mark M, Danzl JG, Hart R, Daley A, Nägerl H. 2010. Interference of interacting matter waves. New Journal of Physics. 12. mla: Gustavsson, Mattias, et al. “Interference of Interacting Matter Waves.” New Journal of Physics, vol. 12, IOP Publishing Ltd., 2010, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029. short: M. Gustavsson, E. Haller, M. Mark, J.G. Danzl, R. Hart, A. Daley, H. Nägerl, New Journal of Physics 12 (2010). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:51Z date_published: 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:47:53Z day: '28' doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 12' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa_version: None publication: New Journal of Physics publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing Ltd. publist_id: '6342' status: public title: Interference of interacting matter waves type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 12 year: '2010' ...