---
_id: '868'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Background: The glyoxylate cycle is thought to be present in bacteria, protists,
plants, fungi, and nematodes, but not in other Metazoa. However, activity of the
glyoxylate cycle enzymes, malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), in
animal tissues has been reported. In order to clarify the status of the MS and
ICL genes in animals and get an insight into their evolution, we undertook a comparative-genomic
study. Results: Using sequence similarity searches, we identified MS genes in
arthropods, echinoderms, and vertebrates, including platypus and opossum, but
not in the numerous sequenced genomes of placental mammals. The regions of the
placental mammals'' genomes expected to code for malate synthase, as determined
by comparison of the gene orders in vertebrate genomes, show clear similarity
to the opossum MS sequence but contain stop codons, indicating that the MS gene
became a pseudogene in placental mammals. By contrast, the ICL gene is undetectable
in animals other than the nematodes that possess a bifunctional, fused ICL-MS
gene. Examination of phylogenetic trees of MS and ICL suggests multiple horizontal
gene transfer events that probably went in both directions between several bacterial
and eukaryotic lineages. The strongest evidence was obtained for the acquisition
of the bifunctional ICL-MS gene from an as yet unknown bacterial source with the
corresponding operonic organization by the common ancestor of the nematodes. Conclusion:
The distribution of the MS and ICL genes in animals suggests that either they
encode alternative enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle that are not orthologous to
the known MS and ICL or the animal MS acquired a new function that remains to
be characterized. Regardless of the ultimate solution to this conundrum, the genes
for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes present a remarkable variety of evolutionary
events including unusual horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to animals.'
acknowledgement: The authors thank Alexey Kondrashov for suggesting the possibility
of non- orthologous gene displacement in glyoxylate cycle specific enzymes and for
critical reading of this manuscript. FAK is a National Science Foundation Graduate
Fellow.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Eugene
full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Morgunov, Igor G
last_name: Morgunov
- first_name: Tatiana
full_name: Finogenova, Tatiana V
last_name: Finogenova
- first_name: Marie
full_name: Kondrashova, Marie N
last_name: Kondrashova
citation:
ama: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. Evolution
of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
events and pseudogene formation. Biology Direct. 2006;1. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-31
apa: Kondrashov, F., Koonin, E., Morgunov, I., Finogenova, T., & Kondrashova,
M. (2006). Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple
horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation. Biology Direct. BioMed
Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31
chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Eugene Koonin, Igor Morgunov, Tatiana Finogenova, and
Marie Kondrashova. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa Evidence
of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” Biology Direct.
BioMed Central, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31.
ieee: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, and M. Kondrashova,
“Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
transfer events and pseudogene formation,” Biology Direct, vol. 1. BioMed
Central, 2006.
ista: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. 2006. Evolution
of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
events and pseudogene formation. Biology Direct. 1.
mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa
Evidence of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” Biology
Direct, vol. 1, BioMed Central, 2006, doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-31.
short: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, M. Kondrashova, Biology
Direct 1 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:31Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-1-31
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 1'
month: '10'
publication: Biology Direct
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6778'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
transfer events and pseudogene formation
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 1
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '873'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing
genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations,
may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject
to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene
conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these
processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two
different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal
crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans
is 10-9-10-10 per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of
large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect
fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number
of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused
by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications
are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to
be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively
neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test,
is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern
can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications
and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns
in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes
of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety
of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the
corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified
framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application
of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic,
and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection
in the evolution by gene duplication.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
ama: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2006;239(2):141-151. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
apa: Kondrashov, F., & Kondrashov, A. (2006). Role of selection in fixation
of gene duplications. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation
of Gene Duplications.” Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033.
ieee: F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications,”
Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 239, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 141–151,
2006.
ista: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2006. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 239(2), 141–151.
mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation of
Gene Duplications.” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 239, no. 2, Elsevier,
2006, pp. 141–51, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033.
short: F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology 239 (2006) 141–151.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2006-03-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:47Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 239'
issue: '2'
month: '03'
page: 141 - 151
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6773'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications
type: journal_article
volume: 239
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Structure elucidation of proteins by either NMR or X‐ray crystallography often
requires the screening of a large number of samples for promising protein constructs
and optimum solution conditions. For large‐scale screening of protein samples
in solution, robust methods are needed that allow a rapid assessment of the folding
of a polypeptide under diverse sample conditions. Here we present HET‐SOFAST NMR,
a highly sensitive new method for semi‐quantitative characterization of the structural
compactness and heterogeneity of polypeptide chains in solution. On the basis
of one‐dimensional 1H HET‐SOFAST NMR data, obtained on well‐folded, molten globular,
partially‐ and completely unfolded proteins, we define empirical thresholds that
can be used as quantitative benchmarks for protein compactness. For 15N‐enriched
protein samples, two‐dimensional 1H‐15N HET‐SOFAST correlation spectra provide
site‐specific information about the structural heterogeneity along the polypeptide
chain.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Schanda, Paul
id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
last_name: Schanda
orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Vincent
full_name: Forge, Vincent
last_name: Forge
- first_name: Bernhard
full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
last_name: Brutscher
citation:
ama: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural
compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. Magnetic Resonance
in Chemistry. 2006;44(S1):S177-S184. doi:10.1002/mrc.1825
apa: Schanda, P., Forge, V., & Brutscher, B. (2006). HET-SOFAST NMR for fast
detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains.
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825
chicago: Schanda, Paul, Vincent Forge, and Bernhard Brutscher. “HET-SOFAST NMR for
Fast Detection of Structural Compactness and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.”
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry. Wiley, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825.
ieee: P. Schanda, V. Forge, and B. Brutscher, “HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection
of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains,” Magnetic
Resonance in Chemistry, vol. 44, no. S1. Wiley, pp. S177–S184, 2006.
ista: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. 2006. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of
structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. Magnetic Resonance
in Chemistry. 44(S1), S177–S184.
mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “HET-SOFAST NMR for Fast Detection of Structural Compactness
and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.” Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry,
vol. 44, no. S1, Wiley, 2006, pp. S177–84, doi:10.1002/mrc.1825.
short: P. Schanda, V. Forge, B. Brutscher, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 44 (2006)
S177–S184.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:42Z
date_published: 2006-07-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1002/mrc.1825
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 44'
issue: S1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: S177-S184
publication: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0749-1581
- 1097-458X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity
along polypeptide chains
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 44
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that three-dimensional HNCO and
HNCA correlation spectra may be recorded in a few minutes acquisition time using
the band-selective excitation short-transient sequences presented here. This opens
new perspectives for the NMR structural investigation of unstable protein samples
and real-time site-resolved studies of protein kinetics.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Schanda, Paul
id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
last_name: Schanda
orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Hélène
full_name: Van Melckebeke, Hélène
last_name: Van Melckebeke
- first_name: Bernhard
full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
last_name: Brutscher
citation:
ama: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. Speeding up three-dimensional protein
NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
2006;128(28):9042-9043. doi:10.1021/ja062025p
apa: Schanda, P., Van Melckebeke, H., & Brutscher, B. (2006). Speeding up three-dimensional
protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical
Society. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p
chicago: Schanda, Paul, Hélène Van Melckebeke, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Speeding
up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments to a Few Minutes.” Journal of
the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p.
ieee: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, and B. Brutscher, “Speeding up three-dimensional
protein NMR experiments to a few minutes,” Journal of the American Chemical
Society, vol. 128, no. 28. American Chemical Society, pp. 9042–9043, 2006.
ista: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. 2006. Speeding up three-dimensional
protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
128(28), 9042–9043.
mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “Speeding up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments
to a Few Minutes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128,
no. 28, American Chemical Society, 2006, pp. 9042–43, doi:10.1021/ja062025p.
short: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical
Society 128 (2006) 9042–9043.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:36Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/ja062025p
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 128'
issue: '28'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 9042-9043
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0002-7863
- 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Speeding up three-dimensional protein NMR experiments to a few minutes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8490'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We demonstrate the feasibility of recording 1H–15N correlation spectra of
proteins in only one second of acquisition time. The experiment combines recently
proposed SOFAST-HMQC with Hadamard-type 15N frequency encoding. This allows site-resolved
real-time NMR studies of kinetic processes in proteins with an increased time
resolution. The sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to be applicable to
a wide range of molecular systems available at millimolar concentration on a high
magnetic field spectrometer.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Schanda, Paul
id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
last_name: Schanda
orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
last_name: Brutscher
citation:
ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 2006;178(2):334-339.
doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
apa: Schanda, P., & Brutscher, B. (2006). Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC
for ultrafast two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance.
Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance.
Elsevier, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007.
ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
two-dimensional protein NMR,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol. 178,
no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 334–339, 2006.
ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2006. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 178(2), 334–339.
mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance,
vol. 178, no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 334–39, doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007.
short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 178 (2006) 334–339.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:51Z
date_published: 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 178'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Biophysics
- Biochemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 334-339
publication: Journal of Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1090-7807
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast two-dimensional protein
NMR
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 178
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We study the extent to which the Hausdorff dimension of a compact subset of
an infinite-dimensional Banach space is affected by a typical mapping into a finite-dimensional
space. It is possible that the dimension drops under all such mappings, but the
amount by which it typically drops is controlled by the ‘thickness exponent’ of
the set, which was defined by Hunt and Kaloshin (Nonlinearity12 (1999), 1263–1275).
More precisely, let $X$ be a compact subset of a Banach space $B$ with thickness
exponent $\tau$ and Hausdorff dimension $d$. Let $M$ be any subspace of the (locally)
Lipschitz functions from $B$ to $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ that contains the space of bounded
linear functions. We prove that for almost every (in the sense of prevalence)
function $f \in M$, the Hausdorff dimension of $f(X)$ is at least $\min\{ m, d
/ (1 + \tau) \}$. We also prove an analogous result for a certain part of the
dimension spectra of Borel probability measures supported on $X$. The factor $1
/ (1 + \tau)$ can be improved to $1 / (1 + \tau / 2)$ if $B$ is a Hilbert space.
Since dimension cannot increase under a (locally) Lipschitz function, these theorems
become dimension preservation results when $\tau = 0$. We conjecture that many
of the attractors associated with the evolution equations of mathematical physics
have thickness exponent zero. We also discuss the sharpness of our results in
the case $\tau > 0$.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: WILLIAM
full_name: OTT, WILLIAM
last_name: OTT
- first_name: BRIAN
full_name: HUNT, BRIAN
last_name: HUNT
- first_name: Vadim
full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
last_name: Kaloshin
orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
ama: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures
in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 2006;26(3):869-891.
doi:10.1017/s0143385705000714
apa: OTT, W., HUNT, B., & Kaloshin, V. (2006). The effect of projections on
fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems.
Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714
chicago: OTT, WILLIAM, BRIAN HUNT, and Vadim Kaloshin. “The Effect of Projections
on Fractal Sets and Measures in Banach Spaces.” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical
Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714.
ieee: W. OTT, B. HUNT, and V. Kaloshin, “The effect of projections on fractal sets
and measures in Banach spaces,” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, vol.
26, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 869–891, 2006.
ista: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. 2006. The effect of projections on fractal sets
and measures in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 26(3), 869–891.
mla: OTT, WILLIAM, et al. “The Effect of Projections on Fractal Sets and Measures
in Banach Spaces.” Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, vol. 26, no. 3,
Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 869–91, doi:10.1017/s0143385705000714.
short: W. OTT, B. HUNT, V. Kaloshin, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 26 (2006)
869–891.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:52Z
date_published: 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/s0143385705000714
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 26'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 869-891
publication: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0143-3857
- 1469-4417
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "We consider the evolution of a set carried by a space periodic incompressible
stochastic flow in a Euclidean space. We\r\nreport on three main results obtained
in [8, 9, 10] concerning long time behaviour for a typical realization of the
stochastic flow. First, at time t most of the particles are at a distance of order
√t away from the origin. Moreover, we prove a Central Limit Theorem for the evolution
of a measure carried by the flow, which holds for almost every realization of
the flow. Second, we show the existence of a zero measure full Hausdorff dimension
set of points, which\r\nescape to infinity at a linear rate. Third, in the 2-dimensional
case, we study the set of points visited by the original set by time t. Such a
set, when scaled down by the factor of t, has a limiting non random shape."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vadim
full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
last_name: Kaloshin
orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: D.
full_name: DOLGOPYAT, D.
last_name: DOLGOPYAT
- first_name: L.
full_name: KORALOV, L.
last_name: KORALOV
citation:
ama: 'Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic
flows. In: XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. World
Scientific; 2006:290-295. doi:10.1142/9789812704016_0026'
apa: 'Kaloshin, V., DOLGOPYAT, D., & KORALOV, L. (2006). Long time behaviour
of periodic stochastic flows. In XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
Physics (pp. 290–295). Lisbon, Portugal: World Scientific. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026'
chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV. “Long Time Behaviour of
Periodic Stochastic Flows.” In XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
Physics, 290–95. World Scientific, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026.
ieee: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV, “Long time behaviour of periodic
stochastic flows,” in XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics,
Lisbon, Portugal, 2006, pp. 290–295.
ista: Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. 2006. Long time behaviour of periodic
stochastic flows. XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International
Congress on Mathematical Physics, 290–295.
mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Long Time Behaviour of Periodic Stochastic Flows.”
XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific,
2006, pp. 290–95, doi:10.1142/9789812704016_0026.
short: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, L. KORALOV, in:, XIVth International Congress
on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific, 2006, pp. 290–295.
conference:
end_date: 2003-08-02
location: Lisbon, Portugal
name: International Congress on Mathematical Physics
start_date: 2003-07-28
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:59Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/9789812704016_0026
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 290-295
publication: XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9789812562012'
- '9789812704016'
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic flows
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8513'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vadim
full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
last_name: Kaloshin
orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Saprykina, Maria
last_name: Saprykina
citation:
ama: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete & Continuous
Dynamical Systems - A. 2006;15(2):611-640. doi:10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
apa: Kaloshin, V., & Saprykina, M. (2006). Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving
diffeomorphisms with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete
& Continuous Dynamical Systems - A. American Institute of Mathematical
Sciences (AIMS). https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” Discrete
& Continuous Dynamical Systems - A. American Institute of Mathematical
Sciences (AIMS), 2006. https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611.
ieee: V. Kaloshin and M. Saprykina, “Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits,” Discrete &
Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, vol. 15, no. 2. American Institute of Mathematical
Sciences (AIMS), pp. 611–640, 2006.
ista: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. 2006. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete & Continuous
Dynamical Systems - A. 15(2), 611–640.
mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” Discrete
& Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, vol. 15, no. 2, American Institute
of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), 2006, pp. 611–40, doi:10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611.
short: V. Kaloshin, M. Saprykina, Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems -
A 15 (2006) 611–640.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:43Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 611-640
publication: Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1553-5231
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with superexponential
growth of number of periodic orbits
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '869'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The impact of synonymous nucleotide substitutions on fitness in mammals remains
controversial. Despite some indications of selective constraint, synonymous sites
are often assumed to be neutral, and the rate of their evolution is used as a
proxy for mutation rate. We subdivide all sites into four classes in terms of
the mutable CpG context, nonCpG, postC, preG, and postCpreG, and compare four-fold
synonymous sites and intron sites residing outside transposable elements. The
distribution of the rate of evolution across all synonymous sites is trimodal.
Rate of evolution at nonCpG synonymous sites, not preceded by C and not followed
by G, is ∼10% below that at such intron sites. In contrast, rate of evolution
at postCpreG synonymous sites is ∼30% above that at such intron sites. Finally,
synonymous and intron postC and preG sites evolve at similar rates. The relationship
between the levels of polymorphism at the corresponding synonymous and intron
sites is very similar to that between their rates of evolution. Within every class,
synonymous sites are occupied by G or C much more often than intron sites, whose
nucleotide composition is consistent with neutral mutation-drift equilibrium.
These patterns suggest that synonymous sites are under weak selection in favor
of G and C, with the average coefficient s∼0.25/Ne∼10-5, where Ne is the effective
population size. Such selection decelerates evolution and reduces variability
at sites with symmetric mutation, but has the opposite effects at sites where
the favored nucleotides are more mutable. The amino-acid composition of proteins
dictates that many synonymous sites are CpGprone, which causes them, on average,
to evolve faster and to be more polymorphic than intron sites. An average genotype
carries ∼107 suboptimal nucleotides at synonymous sites, implying synergistic
epistasis in selection against them.
acknowledgement: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program
of the NIH, National Library of Medicine.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Aleksey
full_name: Ogurtsov, Aleksey Yu
last_name: Ogurtsov
- first_name: Alexey
full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
ama: Kondrashov F, Ogurtsov A, Kondrashov A. Selection in favor of nucleotides G
and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
sites. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2006;240(4):616-626. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020
apa: Kondrashov, F., Ogurtsov, A., & Kondrashov, A. (2006). Selection in favor
of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism
at mammalian synonymous sites. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020
chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Aleksey Ogurtsov, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Selection
in Favor of Nucleotides G and C Diversifies Evolution Rates and Levels of Polymorphism
at Mammalian Synonymous Sites.” Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier,
2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020.
ieee: F. Kondrashov, A. Ogurtsov, and A. Kondrashov, “Selection in favor of nucleotides
G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
sites,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 240, no. 4. Elsevier, pp.
616–626, 2006.
ista: Kondrashov F, Ogurtsov A, Kondrashov A. 2006. Selection in favor of nucleotides
G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous
sites. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 240(4), 616–626.
mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Selection in Favor of Nucleotides G and C Diversifies
Evolution Rates and Levels of Polymorphism at Mammalian Synonymous Sites.” Journal
of Theoretical Biology, vol. 240, no. 4, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 616–26, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020.
short: F. Kondrashov, A. Ogurtsov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology
240 (2006) 616–626.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:56Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:33Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.10.020
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 240'
issue: '4'
month: '06'
page: 616 - 626
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6779'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Selection in favor of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels
of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous sites
type: journal_article
volume: 240
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '903'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Background: Carcinogenesis typically involves multiple somatic mutations
in caretaker (DNA repair) and gatekeeper (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) genes.
Analysis of mutation spectra of the tumor suppressor that is most commonly mutated
in human cancers, p53, unexpectedly suggested that somatic evolution of the p53
gene during tumorigenesis is dominated by positive selection for gain of function.
This conclusion is supported by accumulating experimental evidence of evolution
of new functions of p53 in tumors. These findings prompted a genome-wide analysis
of possible positive selection during tumor evolution. Methods: A comprehensive
analysis of probable somatic mutations in the sequences of Expressed Sequence
Tags (ESTs) from malignant tumors and normal tissues was performed in order to
access the prevalence of positive selection in cancer evolution. For each EST,
the numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were calculated. In
order to identify genes with a signature of positive selection in cancers, these
numbers were compared to: i) expected numbers and ii) the numbers for the respective
genes in the ESTs from normal tissues. Results: We identified 112 genes with a
signature of positive selection in cancers, i.e., a significantly elevated ratio
of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, in tumors as compared to 37 such
genes in an approximately equal-sized EST collection from normal tissues. A substantial
fraction of the tumor-specific positive-selection candidates have experimentally
demonstrated or strongly predicted links to cancer. Conclusion: The results of
EST analysis should be interpreted with extreme caution given the noise introduced
by sequencing errors and undetected polymorphisms. Furthermore, an inherent limitation
of EST analysis is that multiple mutations amenable to statistical analysis can
be detected only in relatively highly expressed genes. Nevertheless, the present
results suggest that positive selection might affect a substantial number of genes
during tumorigenic somatic evolution.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the
National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health/DHHS. FAK is an
NSF Graduate Fellow. We thank Yuri Pavlov for helpful discussions.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Babenko, Vladimir N
last_name: Babenko
- first_name: Malay
full_name: Basu, Malay K
last_name: Basu
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Rogozin, Igor B
last_name: Rogozin
- first_name: Eugene
full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
last_name: Koonin
citation:
ama: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. Signs of positive selection
of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis. BMC
Cancer. 2006;6. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
apa: Babenko, V., Basu, M., Kondrashov, F., Rogozin, I., & Koonin, E. (2006).
Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by
EST sequence analysis. BMC Cancer. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
chicago: Babenko, Vladimir, Malay Basu, Fyodor Kondrashov, Igor Rogozin, and Eugene
Koonin. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations in Human Cancers Detected
by EST Sequence Analysis.” BMC Cancer. BioMed Central, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36.
ieee: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, and E. Koonin, “Signs of positive
selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis,”
BMC Cancer, vol. 6. BioMed Central, 2006.
ista: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. 2006. Signs of positive
selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis.
BMC Cancer. 6.
mla: Babenko, Vladimir, et al. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations
in Human Cancers Detected by EST Sequence Analysis.” BMC Cancer, vol. 6,
BioMed Central, 2006, doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-36.
short: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, E. Koonin, BMC Cancer 6 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:07Z
date_published: 2006-02-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:47Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 6'
month: '02'
publication: BMC Cancer
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6744'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected
by EST sequence analysis
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '9505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Cytosine methylation, a common form of DNA modification that antagonizes
transcription, is found at transposons and repeats in vertebrates, plants and
fungi. Here we have mapped DNA methylation in the entire Arabidopsis thaliana
genome at high resolution. DNA methylation covers transposons and is present within
a large fraction of A. thaliana genes. Methylation within genes is conspicuously
biased away from gene ends, suggesting a dependence on RNA polymerase transit.
Genic methylation is strongly influenced by transcription: moderately transcribed
genes are most likely to be methylated, whereas genes at either extreme are least
likely. In turn, transcription is influenced by methylation: short methylated
genes are poorly expressed, and loss of methylation in the body of a gene leads
to enhanced transcription. Our results indicate that genic transcription and DNA
methylation are closely interwoven processes.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
last_name: Zilberman
orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Mary
full_name: Gehring, Mary
last_name: Gehring
- first_name: Robert K.
full_name: Tran, Robert K.
last_name: Tran
- first_name: Tracy
full_name: Ballinger, Tracy
last_name: Ballinger
- first_name: Steven
full_name: Henikoff, Steven
last_name: Henikoff
citation:
ama: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. Genome-wide analysis
of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between methylation
and transcription. Nature Genetics. 2006;39(1):61-69. doi:10.1038/ng1929
apa: Zilberman, D., Gehring, M., Tran, R. K., Ballinger, T., & Henikoff, S.
(2006). Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers
an interdependence between methylation and transcription. Nature Genetics.
Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929
chicago: Zilberman, Daniel, Mary Gehring, Robert K. Tran, Tracy Ballinger, and Steven
Henikoff. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA Methylation Uncovers
an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.” Nature Genetics.
Nature Publishing Group, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929.
ieee: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R. K. Tran, T. Ballinger, and S. Henikoff, “Genome-wide
analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
methylation and transcription,” Nature Genetics, vol. 39, no. 1. Nature
Publishing Group, pp. 61–69, 2006.
ista: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. 2006. Genome-wide
analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
methylation and transcription. Nature Genetics. 39(1), 61–69.
mla: Zilberman, Daniel, et al. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA
Methylation Uncovers an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.”
Nature Genetics, vol. 39, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 61–69,
doi:10.1038/ng1929.
short: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R.K. Tran, T. Ballinger, S. Henikoff, Nature Genetics
39 (2006) 61–69.
date_created: 2021-06-07T12:19:31Z
date_published: 2006-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:02:51Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1038/ng1929
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '17128275'
intvolume: ' 39'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 61-69
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1546-1718
issn:
- 1061-4036
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence
between methylation and transcription
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 39
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '13430'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Dynamic self-assembly (DySA) processes occurring outside of thermodynamic
equilibrium underlie many forms of adaptive and intellligent behaviors in natural
systems. Relatively little, however, is known about the principles that govern
DySA and the ways in which it can be extended to artificial ensembles. This article
discusses recent advances in both the theory and the practice of nonequilibrium
self-assembly. It is argued that a union of ideas from thermodynamics and dynamic
systems' theory can provide a general description of DySA. In parallel, heuristic
design rules can be used to construct DySA systems of increasing complexities
based on a variety of suitable interactions/potentials on length scales from nanoscopic
to macroscopic. Applications of these rules to magnetohydrodynamic DySA are also
discussed.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marcin
full_name: Fialkowski, Marcin
last_name: Fialkowski
- first_name: Kyle J. M.
full_name: Bishop, Kyle J. M.
last_name: Bishop
- first_name: Rafal
full_name: Klajn, Rafal
id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Stoyan K.
full_name: Smoukov, Stoyan K.
last_name: Smoukov
- first_name: Christopher J.
full_name: Campbell, Christopher J.
last_name: Campbell
- first_name: Bartosz A.
full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
ama: Fialkowski M, Bishop KJM, Klajn R, Smoukov SK, Campbell CJ, Grzybowski BA.
Principles and implementations of dissipative (dynamic) self-assembly. The
Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2006;110(6):2482-2496. doi:10.1021/jp054153q
apa: Fialkowski, M., Bishop, K. J. M., Klajn, R., Smoukov, S. K., Campbell, C. J.,
& Grzybowski, B. A. (2006). Principles and implementations of dissipative
(dynamic) self-assembly. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. American
Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp054153q
chicago: Fialkowski, Marcin, Kyle J. M. Bishop, Rafal Klajn, Stoyan K. Smoukov,
Christopher J. Campbell, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “Principles and Implementations
of Dissipative (Dynamic) Self-Assembly.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry
B. American Chemical Society, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp054153q.
ieee: M. Fialkowski, K. J. M. Bishop, R. Klajn, S. K. Smoukov, C. J. Campbell, and
B. A. Grzybowski, “Principles and implementations of dissipative (dynamic) self-assembly,”
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, no. 6. American Chemical
Society, pp. 2482–2496, 2006.
ista: Fialkowski M, Bishop KJM, Klajn R, Smoukov SK, Campbell CJ, Grzybowski BA.
2006. Principles and implementations of dissipative (dynamic) self-assembly. The
Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 110(6), 2482–2496.
mla: Fialkowski, Marcin, et al. “Principles and Implementations of Dissipative (Dynamic)
Self-Assembly.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, no. 6, American
Chemical Society, 2006, pp. 2482–96, doi:10.1021/jp054153q.
short: M. Fialkowski, K.J.M. Bishop, R. Klajn, S.K. Smoukov, C.J. Campbell, B.A.
Grzybowski, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (2006) 2482–2496.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:37:35Z
date_published: 2006-01-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T11:33:08Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1021/jp054153q
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '16471845'
intvolume: ' 110'
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 2482-2496
pmid: 1
publication: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1520-6106
- 1520-5207
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Principles and implementations of dissipative (dynamic) self-assembly
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 110
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '13428'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Mixtures of oppositely charged nanoparticles of various sizes and charge ratios
precipitate only at the point of electroneutrality. This phenomenonspecific to
the nanoscale and reminiscent of threshold precipitation of ionsis a consequence
of the formation of core-and-shell nanoparticle aggregates, in which the shells
are composed of like-charged particles and are stabilized by efficient electrostatic
screening.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander M.
full_name: Kalsin, Alexander M.
last_name: Kalsin
- first_name: Bartlomiej
full_name: Kowalczyk, Bartlomiej
last_name: Kowalczyk
- first_name: Stoyan K.
full_name: Smoukov, Stoyan K.
last_name: Smoukov
- first_name: Rafal
full_name: Klajn, Rafal
id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Bartosz A.
full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
ama: Kalsin AM, Kowalczyk B, Smoukov SK, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. Ionic-like behavior
of oppositely charged nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
2006;128(47):15046-15047. doi:10.1021/ja0642966
apa: Kalsin, A. M., Kowalczyk, B., Smoukov, S. K., Klajn, R., & Grzybowski,
B. A. (2006). Ionic-like behavior of oppositely charged nanoparticles. Journal
of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0642966
chicago: Kalsin, Alexander M., Bartlomiej Kowalczyk, Stoyan K. Smoukov, Rafal Klajn,
and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “Ionic-like Behavior of Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles.”
Journal of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0642966.
ieee: A. M. Kalsin, B. Kowalczyk, S. K. Smoukov, R. Klajn, and B. A. Grzybowski,
“Ionic-like behavior of oppositely charged nanoparticles,” Journal of the American
Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 47. American Chemical Society, pp. 15046–15047,
2006.
ista: Kalsin AM, Kowalczyk B, Smoukov SK, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. 2006. Ionic-like
behavior of oppositely charged nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical
Society. 128(47), 15046–15047.
mla: Kalsin, Alexander M., et al. “Ionic-like Behavior of Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles.”
Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 128, no. 47, American Chemical
Society, 2006, pp. 15046–47, doi:10.1021/ja0642966.
short: A.M. Kalsin, B. Kowalczyk, S.K. Smoukov, R. Klajn, B.A. Grzybowski, Journal
of the American Chemical Society 128 (2006) 15046–15047.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:36:27Z
date_published: 2006-11-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T11:30:06Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1021/ja0642966
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '17117829'
intvolume: ' 128'
issue: '47'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 15046-15047
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1520-5126
issn:
- 0002-7863
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ionic-like behavior of oppositely charged nanoparticles
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '13429'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The fruitful core: Organic syntheses reported in the literature from 1850
to 2004 are analyzed with mathematical tools from network theory and statistical
physics. There is a set of substances (the core) from which the majority of other
organic compounds can be made (see picture; red: core, blue: periphery, green:
islands). Search algorithms are used to identify small optimal sets of maximally
useful chemicals.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kyle J. M.
full_name: Bishop, Kyle J. M.
last_name: Bishop
- first_name: Rafal
full_name: Klajn, Rafal
id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Bartosz A.
full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
ama: Bishop KJM, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. The core and most useful molecules in organic
chemistry. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2006;45(32):5348-5354.
doi:10.1002/anie.200600881
apa: Bishop, K. J. M., Klajn, R., & Grzybowski, B. A. (2006). The core and most
useful molecules in organic chemistry. Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600881
chicago: Bishop, Kyle J. M., Rafal Klajn, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “The Core and
Most Useful Molecules in Organic Chemistry.” Angewandte Chemie International
Edition. Wiley, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600881.
ieee: K. J. M. Bishop, R. Klajn, and B. A. Grzybowski, “The core and most useful
molecules in organic chemistry,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
vol. 45, no. 32. Wiley, pp. 5348–5354, 2006.
ista: Bishop KJM, Klajn R, Grzybowski BA. 2006. The core and most useful molecules
in organic chemistry. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45(32), 5348–5354.
mla: Bishop, Kyle J. M., et al. “The Core and Most Useful Molecules in Organic Chemistry.”
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 45, no. 32, Wiley, 2006,
pp. 5348–54, doi:10.1002/anie.200600881.
short: K.J.M. Bishop, R. Klajn, B.A. Grzybowski, Angewandte Chemie International
Edition 45 (2006) 5348–5354.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:37:16Z
date_published: 2006-08-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T11:31:27Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1002/anie.200600881
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '16835857'
intvolume: ' 45'
issue: '32'
keyword:
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 5348-5354
pmid: 1
publication: Angewandte Chemie International Edition
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1521-3773
issn:
- 1433-7851
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The core and most useful molecules in organic chemistry
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 45
year: '2006'
...