TY - JOUR AB - Systems of three interacting particles are notorious for their complex physical behaviour. A landmark theoretical result in few-body quantum physics is Efimov\'s prediction1,2 of a universal set of bound trimer states appearing for three identical bosons with a resonant two-body interaction. Counterintuitively, these states even exist in the absence of a corresponding two-body bound state. Since the formulation of Efimov\'s problem in the context of nuclear physics 35 years ago, it has attracted great interest in many areas of physics3-8. However, the observation of Efimov quantum states has remained an elusive goal3,5. Here we report the observation of an Efimov resonance in an ultracold gas of caesium atoms. The resonance occurs in the range of large negative two-body scattering lengths, arising from the coupling of three free atoms to an Efimov trimer. Experimentally, we observe its signature as a giant three-body recombination loss9,10 when the strength of the two-body interaction is varied. We also detect a minimum 9,11,12 in the recombination loss for positive scattering lengths, indicating destructive interference of decay pathways. Our results confirm central theoretical predictions of Efimov physics and represent a starting point with which to explore the universal properties of resonantly interacting few-body systems7. While Feshbach resonances13,14 have provided the key to control quantum-mechanical interactions on the two-body level, Efimov resonances connect ultracold matter15 to the world of few-body quantum phenomena. AU - Kraemer, Tobias AU - Mark, Michael AU - Waldburger, Philipp AU - Danzl, Johann G AU - Chin, Cheng AU - Engeser, Bastian AU - Lange, Adam AU - Pilch, Karl AU - Jaakkola, Antti AU - Nägerl, Hanns AU - Grimm, Rudolf ID - 1033 IS - 7082 JF - Nature TI - Evidence for Efimov quantum states in an ultracold gas of caesium atoms VL - 440 ER - TY - CONF AB - Three interacting particles form a system which is well known for its complex physical behavior. A landmark theoretical result in few-body quantum physics is Efimov\'s prediction of a universal set of weakly bound trimer states appearing for three identical bosons with a resonant two-body interaction [1, 2]. Surprisingly, these states even exist in the absence of a corresponding two-body bound state and their precise nature is largely independent of the particular type of the two-body interaction potential. Efimov\'s scenario has attracted great interest in many areas of physics; an experimental test however has not been achieved. We report the observation of an Efimov resonance in an ultracold thermal gas of cesium atoms [3]. The resonance occurs in the range of large negative two-body scattering lengths and arises from the coupling of three free atoms to an Efimov trimer. We observe its signature as a giant three-body recombination loss when the strength of the two-body interaction is varied near a Feshbach resonance. This resonance develops into a continuum resonance at non-zero collision energies, and we observe a shift of the resonance position as a function of temperature. We also report on a minimum in the recombination loss for positive scattering lengths, indicating destructive interference of decay pathways. Our results confirm central theoretical predictions of Efimov physics and represent a starting point from which to explore the universal properties of resonantly interacting few-body systems. AU - Nägerl, Hanns AU - Kraemer, Tobias AU - Mark, Michael AU - Waldburger, Philipp AU - Danzl, Johann G AU - Engeser, Bastian AU - Lange, Adam AU - Pilch, Karl AU - Jaakkola, Antti AU - Chin, Cheng AU - Grimm, Rudolf ID - 1034 TI - Experimental evidence for Efimov quantum states VL - 869 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Harris, J. Robin AU - Almouzni, Geneviève AU - Kirschner, Doris AU - Dimitrova, Daniela AU - Nickerson, Jeffrey A. AU - Underwood, Jean AU - Wagner, Stefan AU - Korbei, Barbara AU - Foisner, Roland AU - Walther, Tobias C. AU - HETZER, Martin W AU - Peters, Reiner AU - Walev, Ivan AU - de Kroon, Anton I. P. M. AU - Staffhorst, Rutger W. H. M. AU - de Kruijff, Ben AU - Burger, Koert N. J. AU - Netto, Luis Eduardo Soares AU - Bertrand, Eric AU - Alimonti, Judie B. AU - Greenberg, Arnold H. AU - Xiao, Jinnan AU - Pradhan, Anuradha AU - Liu, Yuechueng AU - Paiement, Jacques AU - Young, Robin AU - Goñi, Félix M. AU - Villar, Ana-Victoria AU - Contreras, F.-Xabier AU - Alonso, Alicia AU - Peter, Brian J. AU - Mills, Ian G. AU - Higgins, Matthew K. AU - Brown, William J. AU - Chambers, K. AU - Doody, A. AU - Cheng, C. Yan AU - Mruk, Dolores D. AU - Yang, Chunhong AU - Kirchhoff, Helmut AU - Haase, Winfried AU - Boggasch, Stephanie AU - Paulsen, Harald AU - Benesova, Julie AU - Liffers, Sven-T. AU - Rögner, Matthias AU - Gao, Ya-sheng AU - Sztul, Elizabeth AU - Thiemann, Meinolf AU - Fahimi, H. Dariush AU - Gniadecki, Robert AU - Gajkowska, Barbara AU - Bane, Susan L. AU - Hess, John F. AU - Voss, John C. AU - Fitzgerald, Paul G. AU - Hisanaga, Shin-ichi AU - Sasaki, Takahiro AU - Uéda, Kenji AU - Town, Terrence AU - Tan, Jun AU - Milton, Nathaniel G. N. AU - Chi, Richard AU - Keller, Thomas C. S. AU - Kriajevska, Marina AU - Bronstein, Igor AU - Lukanidin, Eugene AU - Holmes, David F. AU - Kadler, Karl E. ED - Harris, Robin ED - Graham, John ED - Rickwood, David ID - 11119 SN - 9780470847589 T2 - Cell Biology Protocols TI - In Vitro Techniques ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last years it has become evident that the nuclear envelope (NE) is more than a passive membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The NE not only controls the trafficking of macromolecules between the nucleoplasm and the cytosol, but also provides anchoring sites for chromosomes and cytoskeleton to the nuclear periphery. Targeting of chromatin to the NE might actually be part of gene expression regulation in eukaryotes. Mutations in certain NE proteins are associated with a diversity of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, neuropathy, lipodistrophy, torsion dystonia and the premature aging condition progeria. Despite the importance of the NE for cell division and differentiation, relatively little is known about its biogenesis and its role in human diseases. It is our goal to provide a comprehensive view of the NE and to discuss possible implications of NE-associated changes for gene expression, chromatin organization and signal transduction. AU - D’Angelo, M. A. AU - HETZER, Martin W ID - 11117 IS - 3 JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences KW - Cell Biology KW - Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience KW - Pharmacology KW - Molecular Biology KW - Molecular Medicine SN - 1420-682X TI - The role of the nuclear envelope in cellular organization VL - 63 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo. AU - D'Angelo, Maximiliano A. AU - Anderson, Daniel J. AU - Richard, Erin AU - HETZER, Martin W ID - 11118 IS - 5772 JF - Science KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 0036-8075 TI - Nuclear pores form de novo from both sides of the nuclear envelope VL - 312 ER -