TY - JOUR AB - The hydrophilic domain (peripheral arm) of the proton-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from the thermophilic organism Thermus thermophilus HB8 has been purified and characterized. The subcomplex is stable in sodium dodecyl sulfate up to 80 °C. Of nine iron-sulfur clusters, four to five (one or two binuclear and three tetranuclear) could be detected by EPR in the NADH-reduced enzyme. The preparation consists of eight different polypeptides. Seven of them have been positively identified by peptide mass mapping and N-terminal sequencing as known hydrophilic subunits of T. thermophilus complex I. The eighth polypeptide copurified with the subcomplex at all stages, is strongly associated with the other subunits, and is present in crystals of the subcomplex, used for X-ray data collection. Therefore, it has been identified as a novel complex I subunit and named Nqo15. It is encoded in a locus separate from the nqo operon, containing the 14 other known complex I genes. ORFs encoding Nqo15 homologues are present in the genomes of the closest relatives of T. thermophilus. Our data show that, contrary to previous assumptions, bacterial complex I can contain proteins in addition to a "core" complement of 14 subunits. AU - Hinchliffe, Philip AU - Carroll, Joe D AU - Leonid Sazanov ID - 1966 IS - 14 JF - Biochemistry TI - Identification of a novel subunit of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus VL - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Although the X chromosome is usually similar to the autosomes in size and cytogenetic appearance, theoretical models predict that its hemizygosity in males may cause unusual patterns of evolution. The sequencing of several genomes has indeed revealed differences between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the rates of gene divergence, patterns of gene expression and rates of gene movement between chromosomes. A better understanding of these patterns should provide valuable information on the evolution of genes located on the X chromosome. It could also suggest solutions to more general problems in molecular evolution, such as detecting selection and estimating mutational effects on fitness AU - Beatriz Vicoso AU - Charlesworth, Brian ID - 2066 IS - 8 JF - Nature Reviews Genetics TI - Evolution on the X chromosome: Unusual patterns and processes VL - 7 ER - TY - CONF AB - We present an adaptive animation method for electrical discharges. Electrical discharges can be simulated using the dielectric breakdown model. Regular discretization of the governing Laplace equation leads to huge equation systems, and the computational cost of solving the equations quickly becomes prohibitive at high resolutions, especially for simulations in 3D. In contrast, our method discretizes the Laplace equation on an adaptive octree, reducing the size of the problem significantly, and making simulations of high resolution 3D datasets and even 3D animations feasible. In order to enhance realism for lightning animations, we propose a particle simulation that animates the residual positive charge. Thus, interaction of electrical discharges with their surroundings can be simulated. AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Wicke, Martin AU - Gross, Markus ID - 2077 TI - Adaptive simulation of electrical discharges ER - TY - JOUR AB - We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and - since we do not use the original measured data - easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis. AU - Weyrich, Tim AU - Matusik, Wojciech AU - Pfister, Hanspeter AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Donner, Craig AU - Tu, Chien AU - McAndless, Janet M AU - Lee, Jinho AU - Ngan, Addy AU - Jensen, Henrik W AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2089 IS - 3 JF - ACM Transactions on Graphics TI - Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model VL - 25 ER - TY - CONF AB - We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and - since we do not use the original measured data - easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis. AU - Weyrich, Tim AU - Matusik, Wojciech AU - Pfister, Hanspeter AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Donner, Craig AU - Tu, Chien AU - McAndless, Janet M AU - Lee, Jinho AU - Ngan, Addy AU - Jensen, Henrik W AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2088 TI - Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model ER - TY - CONF AU - Bernd Bickel AU - Weyrich, Tim AU - Matusik, Wojciech AU - Pfister, Hanspeter AU - Donner, Craig AU - Tu, Chien AU - McAndless, Janet M AU - Lee, Jinho AU - Ngan, Addy AU - Jensen, Henrik W AU - Groß, Markus S ID - 2090 TI - Processing and editing of faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model ER - TY - JOUR AB - Predissociation of the N+2 C 2Σ+u(v') vibrational levels with v' ≥ 3 was observed via dispersed C 2Σ+u → X 2Σ+g fluorescence in the spectral range of 165–208 nm after resonant 1s−1π*(vr) excitation of N2 and its subsequent autoionization into the N+2 C state. This range is dominated by lines in atomic nitrogen, by overlapped C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') vibrational band sequences with Δv = const and broad unresolved band systems (D, (2))2Πg(v') → A2Πu(v'') in the N+2 molecular ion. With very high fluorescence resolution of about 0.1 nm FWHM individual C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') vibrational bands have been resolved. Calculation of the observed fluorescence spectra by taking into account predissociation and molecular rotation describes well the shape of both individual vibrational bands C 2Σ+u(v') → X 2Σ+g(v'') and the whole band system. AU - Ehresmann, Arno AU - Werner, Lutz AU - Klumpp, Stefan AU - Demekhin, Ph V AU - Mikhail Lemeshko AU - Sukhorukov, V. L AU - Schartner, Karl H AU - Schmoranzer, Hans P ID - 2134 IS - 6 JF - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics TI - Predissociation of the N+2(C 2Σ+u) state observed via C 2Σ+u → X 2Σ+g fluorescence after resonant 1s−1π* excitation of N2 molecule VL - 39 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For any integers d,n ≥2, let X ⊂ Pn be a non‐singular hypersurface of degree d that is defined over the rational numbers. The main result in this paper is a proof that the number of rational points on X which have height at most B is O(Bn − 1 + ɛ), for any ɛ > 0. The implied constant in this estimate depends at most upon d, ɛ and n. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11D45 (primary), 11G35, 14G05 (secondary). AU - Timothy Browning AU - Heath-Brown, Roger AU - Starr, Jason M ID - 213 IS - 2 JF - Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society TI - The density of rational points on non-singular hypersurfaces, II VL - 93 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temperature dependent preedge and extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements at the Zr K edge for the perovskite-type zirconates Pb Zr0.515 Ti0.485 O3 (PZT), PbZr O3 (PZ), and BaZr O3 are performed. To carry out a more accurate study of the weak reconstruction of the local atomic structure we employed a combination of two techniques: (i) analysis of the preedge fine structure, and (ii) analysis of the Fourier transform of the difference between χ (k) functions obtained at different temperatures. A detailed investigation of local atomic structure in the cubic phase for all the crystals is also performed. It is shown that neither the displacive nor the order-disorder model can describe correctly the changes of local atomic structure during phase transitions in PZ and PZT. A spherical model describing the local atomic structure of perovskite-type crystals suffering structural phase transitions is proposed. AU - Vedrinskiǐ, Rostislav V AU - Nazarenko, Elena S AU - Mikhail Lemeshko AU - Nassif, Vivian M AU - Proux, Olivier AU - Novakovich, Alexander A AU - Joly, Yves ID - 2144 IS - 13 JF - Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics TI - Temperature dependent XAFS studies of local atomic structure of the perovskite-type zirconates VL - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fluorescence from fragments formed after the de-excitation of the N*2(1s−1π*) resonance has been measured in the spectral range of 135–190 nm. This range is dominated by lines in atomic nitrogen and lines formed by overlapping C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v'') bands with Δv = const in the N+2 molecular ion which result from the spectator Auger decays of the N*2(1s−1π*(vr)) resonances. Ab initio calculations of the corresponding potential curves and transition probabilities showed that the observed irregular intensity dependence of the C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v'')(Δv = const) fluorescence lines on the vibrational quantum number vr is due to transitions between vibrational levels during the reaction N2(v0 = 0)→ N*2(1s−1π*(vr)) Longrightarrow C2Σ+u(v') → X2Σ+g(v''). AU - Ehresmann, Arno AU - Werner, Lutz AU - Klumpp, Stefan AU - Lucht, S AU - Schmoranzer, Hans P AU - Mickat, Sascha AU - Schill, Rüdiger H AU - Schartner, Karl H AU - Demekhin, Philipp AU - Mikhail Lemeshko AU - Sukhorukov, Victor L ID - 2142 IS - 2 JF - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics TI - Studying the N+2(C2Σ+u → X2Σ+g) fluorescence excited via the 1s−1π* resonance VL - 39 ER -