[{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Pavlovian fear conditioning, a simple form of associative learning, is thought to involve the induction of associative, NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the lateral amygdala. Using a combined genetic and electrophysiological approach, we show here that lack of a specific GABAB receptor subtype, GABAB(1a,2), unmasks a nonassociative, NMDA receptor-independent form of presynaptic LTP at cortico-amygdala afferents. Moreover, the level of presynaptic GABA B(1a,2) receptor activation, and hence the balance between associative and nonassociative forms of LTP, can be dynamically modulated by local inhibitory activity. At the behavioral level, genetic loss of GABA B(1a) results in a generalization of conditioned fear to nonconditioned stimuli. Our findings indicate that presynaptic inhibition through GABAB(1a,2) receptors serves as an activity-dependent constraint on the induction of homosynaptic plasticity, which may be important to prevent the generalization of conditioned fear."}],"quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","intvolume":" 9","month":"08","year":"2006","publication_status":"published","publication":"Nature Neuroscience","day":"01","page":"1028 - 1035","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:55Z","doi":"10.1038/nn1732","volume":9,"issue":"8","date_published":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","_id":"2660","type":"journal_article","status":"public","citation":{"ista":"Shaban H, Humeau Y, Herry C, Cassasus G, Shigemoto R, Ciocchi S, Barbieri S, Van Der Putten H, Kaupmann K, Bettler B, Lüthi A. 2006. Generalization of amygdala LTP and conditioned fear in the absence of presynaptic inhibition. Nature Neuroscience. 9(8), 1028–1035.","chicago":"Shaban, Hamdy, Yann Humeau, Cyril Herry, Guillaume Cassasus, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Stéphane Ciocchi, Samuel Barbieri, et al. “Generalization of Amygdala LTP and Conditioned Fear in the Absence of Presynaptic Inhibition.” Nature Neuroscience. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1732.","apa":"Shaban, H., Humeau, Y., Herry, C., Cassasus, G., Shigemoto, R., Ciocchi, S., … Lüthi, A. (2006). Generalization of amygdala LTP and conditioned fear in the absence of presynaptic inhibition. Nature Neuroscience. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1732","ama":"Shaban H, Humeau Y, Herry C, et al. Generalization of amygdala LTP and conditioned fear in the absence of presynaptic inhibition. Nature Neuroscience. 2006;9(8):1028-1035. doi:10.1038/nn1732","short":"H. Shaban, Y. Humeau, C. Herry, G. Cassasus, R. Shigemoto, S. Ciocchi, S. Barbieri, H. Van Der Putten, K. Kaupmann, B. Bettler, A. Lüthi, Nature Neuroscience 9 (2006) 1028–1035.","ieee":"H. Shaban et al., “Generalization of amygdala LTP and conditioned fear in the absence of presynaptic inhibition,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 8. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1028–1035, 2006.","mla":"Shaban, Hamdy, et al. “Generalization of Amygdala LTP and Conditioned Fear in the Absence of Presynaptic Inhibition.” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 8, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 1028–35, doi:10.1038/nn1732."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:58:53Z","extern":1,"publist_id":"4236","author":[{"first_name":"Hamdy","last_name":"Shaban","full_name":"Shaban, Hamdy"},{"first_name":"Yann","last_name":"Humeau","full_name":"Humeau, Yann"},{"first_name":"Cyril","full_name":"Herry, Cyril","last_name":"Herry"},{"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Cassasus","full_name":"Cassasus, Guillaume"},{"full_name":"Ryuichi Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","last_name":"Shigemoto","first_name":"Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Stéphane","last_name":"Ciocchi","full_name":"Ciocchi, Stéphane"},{"first_name":"Samuel","full_name":"Barbieri, Samuel","last_name":"Barbieri"},{"first_name":"Herman","full_name":"Van Der Putten, Herman V","last_name":"Van Der Putten"},{"first_name":"Klemens","last_name":"Kaupmann","full_name":"Kaupmann, Klemens"},{"last_name":"Bettler","full_name":"Bettler, Bernhard","first_name":"Bernhard"},{"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Lüthi","full_name":"Lüthi, Andreas"}],"title":"Generalization of amygdala LTP and conditioned fear in the absence of presynaptic inhibition"},{"page":"483 - 504","issue":"2","doi":"10.1007/s00441-006-0266-5","date_published":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","volume":326,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:57Z","year":"2006","publication_status":"published","day":"01","publication":"Cell and Tissue Research","quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Springer","month":"11","intvolume":" 326","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Molecular cloning has revealed eight different subtypes (mGlu1-8) with distinct molecular and pharmacological properties. Multiplicity in this receptor family is further generated through alternative splicing. mGlus activate a multitude of signalling pathways important for modulating neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and feedback regulation of neurotransmitter release. In this review, we summarize anatomical findings (from our work and that of other laboratories) describing their distribution in the central nervous system. Recent evidence regarding the localization of these receptors in peripheral tissues will also be examined. The distinct regional, cellular and subcellular distribution of mGlus in the brain will be discussed in view of their relationship to neurotransmitter release sites and of possible functional implications."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Ferraguti","full_name":"Ferraguti, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Ryuichi Shigemoto","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444"}],"publist_id":"4234","title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors","citation":{"mla":"Ferraguti, Francesco, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors.” Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 326, no. 2, Springer, 2006, pp. 483–504, doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0266-5.","apa":"Ferraguti, F., & Shigemoto, R. (2006). Metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell and Tissue Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-006-0266-5","ama":"Ferraguti F, Shigemoto R. Metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell and Tissue Research. 2006;326(2):483-504. doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0266-5","short":"F. Ferraguti, R. Shigemoto, Cell and Tissue Research 326 (2006) 483–504.","ieee":"F. Ferraguti and R. Shigemoto, “Metabotropic glutamate receptors,” Cell and Tissue Research, vol. 326, no. 2. Springer, pp. 483–504, 2006.","chicago":"Ferraguti, Francesco, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors.” Cell and Tissue Research. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-006-0266-5.","ista":"Ferraguti F, Shigemoto R. 2006. Metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell and Tissue Research. 326(2), 483–504."},"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:44Z","extern":1,"type":"review","status":"public","_id":"2664"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Consider a system of N bosons on the three-dimensional unit torus interacting via a pair potential N 2V(N(x i - x j)) where x = (x i, . . ., x N) denotes the positions of the particles. Suppose that the initial data ψ N,0 satisfies the condition 〈ψ N,0, H 2 Nψ N,0) ≤ C N 2 where H N is the Hamiltonian of the Bose system. This condition is satisfied if ψ N,0 = W Nφ N,t where W N is an approximate ground state to H N and φ N,0 is regular. Let ψ N,t denote the solution to the Schrödinger equation with Hamiltonian H N. Gross and Pitaevskii proposed to model the dynamics of such a system by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. The GP hierarchy is an infinite BBGKY hierarchy of equations so that if u t solves the GP equation, then the family of k-particle density matrices ⊗ k |u t?〉 〈 t | solves the GP hierarchy. We prove that as N → ∞ the limit points of the k-particle density matrices of ψ N,t are solutions of the GP hierarchy. Our analysis requires that the N-boson dynamics be described by a modified Hamiltonian that cuts off the pair interactions whenever at least three particles come into a region with diameter much smaller than the typical interparticle distance. Our proof can be extended to a modified Hamiltonian that only forbids at least n particles from coming close together for any fixed n."}],"quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","month":"12","intvolume":" 59","year":"2006","publication_status":"published","day":"01","publication":"Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics","page":"1659 - 1741","date_published":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1002/cpa.20123","issue":"12","volume":59,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:23Z","_id":"2747","type":"journal_article","status":"public","citation":{"chicago":"Erdös, László, Benjamin Schlein, and Horng Yau. “Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Hierarchy for the Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensate.” Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.20123.","ista":"Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. 2006. Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. 59(12), 1659–1741.","mla":"Erdös, László, et al. “Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii Hierarchy for the Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensate.” Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 59, no. 12, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006, pp. 1659–741, doi:10.1002/cpa.20123.","ama":"Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2006;59(12):1659-1741. doi:10.1002/cpa.20123","apa":"Erdös, L., Schlein, B., & Yau, H. (2006). Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.20123","short":"L. Erdös, B. Schlein, H. Yau, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 59 (2006) 1659–1741.","ieee":"L. Erdös, B. Schlein, and H. Yau, “Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate,” Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 59, no. 12. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1659–1741, 2006."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:59:26Z","extern":1,"author":[{"first_name":"László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","full_name":"László Erdös"},{"last_name":"Schlein","full_name":"Schlein, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Horng","full_name":"Yau, Horng-Tzer","last_name":"Yau"}],"publist_id":"4145","title":"Derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy for the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate"},{"title":"Gross-Pitaevskii equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled bosons","publist_id":"4147","author":[{"first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Elgart, Alexander","last_name":"Elgart"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","full_name":"László Erdös","last_name":"Erdös","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"László"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Schlein","full_name":"Schlein, Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Yau","full_name":"Yau, Horng-Tzer","first_name":"Horng"}],"extern":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Elgart, Alexander, László Erdös, Benjamin Schlein, and Horng Yau. “Gross-Pitaevskii Equation as the Mean Field Limit of Weakly Coupled Bosons.” Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-005-0388-z.","ista":"Elgart A, Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. 2006. Gross-Pitaevskii equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled bosons. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. 179(2), 265–283.","mla":"Elgart, Alexander, et al. “Gross-Pitaevskii Equation as the Mean Field Limit of Weakly Coupled Bosons.” Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, vol. 179, no. 2, Springer, 2006, pp. 265–83, doi:10.1007/s00205-005-0388-z.","apa":"Elgart, A., Erdös, L., Schlein, B., & Yau, H. (2006). Gross-Pitaevskii equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled bosons. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-005-0388-z","ama":"Elgart A, Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. Gross-Pitaevskii equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled bosons. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. 2006;179(2):265-283. doi:10.1007/s00205-005-0388-z","short":"A. Elgart, L. Erdös, B. Schlein, H. Yau, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 179 (2006) 265–283.","ieee":"A. Elgart, L. Erdös, B. Schlein, and H. Yau, “Gross-Pitaevskii equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled bosons,” Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, vol. 179, no. 2. Springer, pp. 265–283, 2006."},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:59:25Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","_id":"2745","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:22Z","volume":179,"issue":"2","doi":"10.1007/s00205-005-0388-z","date_published":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","page":"265 - 283","publication":"Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis","day":"01","publication_status":"published","year":"2006","intvolume":" 179","month":"02","publisher":"Springer","quality_controlled":0,"abstract":[{"text":"We consider the dynamics of N boson systems interacting through a pair potential N -1 V a (x i -x j ) where V a (x)=a -3 V(x/a). We denote the solution to the N-particle Schrödinger equation by Ψ N, t . Recall that the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation is a nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the GP hierarchy is an infinite BBGKY hierarchy of equations so that if u t solves the GP equation, then the family of k-particle density matrices [InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.] solves the GP hierarchy. Under the assumption that a = Nε for 0 < ε < 3/5, we prove that as N→∞ the limit points of the k-particle density matrices of Ψ N, t are solutions of the GP hierarchy with the coupling constant in the nonlinear term of the GP equation given by ∫ V (x)dx. The uniqueness of the solutions of this hierarchy remains an open question.","lang":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:23Z","date_published":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1007/3-540-34273-7_18","volume":690,"page":"233 - 257","day":"01","year":"2006","publication_status":"published","intvolume":" 690","month":"01","publisher":"World Scientific Publishing","alternative_title":["LNP"],"quality_controlled":0,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider random Schrödinger equations on Rd or Zd for d ≥ 3 with uncorrelated, identically distributed random potential. Denote by λ the coupling constant and ψt the solution with initial data ψ0."}],"title":"Towards the quantum Brownian motion","author":[{"first_name":"László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"László Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603","last_name":"Erdös"},{"last_name":"Salmhofer","full_name":"Salmhofer, Manfred","first_name":"Manfred"},{"last_name":"Yau","full_name":"Yau, Horng-Tzer","first_name":"Horng"}],"publist_id":"4146","extern":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:59:25Z","citation":{"mla":"Erdös, László, et al. Towards the Quantum Brownian Motion. Vol. 690, World Scientific Publishing, 2006, pp. 233–57, doi:10.1007/3-540-34273-7_18.","ieee":"L. Erdös, M. Salmhofer, and H. Yau, “Towards the quantum Brownian motion,” presented at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, 2006, vol. 690, pp. 233–257.","short":"L. Erdös, M. Salmhofer, H. Yau, in:, World Scientific Publishing, 2006, pp. 233–257.","ama":"Erdös L, Salmhofer M, Yau H. Towards the quantum Brownian motion. In: Vol 690. World Scientific Publishing; 2006:233-257. doi:10.1007/3-540-34273-7_18","apa":"Erdös, L., Salmhofer, M., & Yau, H. (2006). Towards the quantum Brownian motion (Vol. 690, pp. 233–257). Presented at the QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, World Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34273-7_18","chicago":"Erdös, László, Manfred Salmhofer, and Horng Yau. “Towards the Quantum Brownian Motion,” 690:233–57. World Scientific Publishing, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34273-7_18.","ista":"Erdös L, Salmhofer M, Yau H. 2006. Towards the quantum Brownian motion. QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics, LNP, vol. 690, 233–257."},"status":"public","conference":{"name":"QMath: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics"},"type":"conference","_id":"2746"},{"publication_status":"published","year":"2006","day":"07","publication":"Nature","page":"59 - 62","volume":443,"date_published":"2006-09-07T00:00:00Z","issue":"7107","doi":"10.1038/nature05089","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:37Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Generally, the motion of fluids is smooth and laminar at low speeds but becomes highly disordered and turbulent as the velocity increases. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow can involve a sequence of instabilities in which the system realizes progressively more complicated states, or it can occur suddenly. Once the transition has taken place, it is generally assumed that, under steady conditions, the turbulent state will persist indefinitely. The flow of a fluid down a straight pipe provides a ubiquitous example of a shear flow undergoing a sudden transition from laminar to turbulent motion. Extensive calculations and experimental studies have shown that, at relatively low flow rates, turbulence in pipes is transient, and is characterized by an exponential distribution of lifetimes. They also suggest that for Reynolds numbers exceeding a critical value the lifetime diverges (that is, becomes infinitely large), marking a change from transient to persistent turbulence. Here we present experimental data and numerical calculations covering more than two decades of lifetimes, showing that the lifetime does not in fact diverge but rather increases exponentially with the Reynolds number. This implies that turbulence in pipes is only a transient event (contrary to the commonly accepted view), and that the turbulent and laminar states remain dynamically connected, suggesting avenues for turbulence control."}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","quality_controlled":0,"month":"09","intvolume":" 443","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:59:44Z","citation":{"chicago":"Hof, Björn, Jerry Westerweel, Tobias Schneider, and Bruno Eckhardt. “Finite Lifetime of Turbulence in Shear Flows.” Nature. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05089.","ista":"Hof B, Westerweel J, Schneider T, Eckhardt B. 2006. Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows. Nature. 443(7107), 59–62.","mla":"Hof, Björn, et al. “Finite Lifetime of Turbulence in Shear Flows.” Nature, vol. 443, no. 7107, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 59–62, doi:10.1038/nature05089.","apa":"Hof, B., Westerweel, J., Schneider, T., & Eckhardt, B. (2006). Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05089","ama":"Hof B, Westerweel J, Schneider T, Eckhardt B. Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows. Nature. 2006;443(7107):59-62. doi:10.1038/nature05089","short":"B. Hof, J. Westerweel, T. Schneider, B. Eckhardt, Nature 443 (2006) 59–62.","ieee":"B. Hof, J. Westerweel, T. Schneider, and B. Eckhardt, “Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows,” Nature, vol. 443, no. 7107. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 59–62, 2006."},"extern":1,"publist_id":"4098","author":[{"last_name":"Hof","full_name":"Björn Hof","orcid":"0000-0003-2057-2754","id":"3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Björn"},{"first_name":"Jerry","full_name":"Westerweel, Jerry","last_name":"Westerweel"},{"first_name":"Tobias","full_name":"Schneider, Tobias M","last_name":"Schneider"},{"last_name":"Eckhardt","full_name":"Eckhardt, Bruno","first_name":"Bruno"}],"title":"Finite lifetime of turbulence in shear flows","_id":"2791","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"_id":"2792","status":"public","type":"journal_article","extern":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:59:45Z","citation":{"mla":"Hof, Björn, et al. “Observation of Nonlinear Travelling Waves in Turbulent Pipe Flow.” Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol. 78, Springer, 2006, pp. 109–14, doi:10.1007/1-4020-4159-4_11.","ieee":"B. Hof, C. Van Doorne, J. Westerweel, and F. Nieuwstadt, “Observation of nonlinear travelling waves in turbulent pipe flow,” Fluid Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 78. Springer, pp. 109–114, 2006.","short":"B. Hof, C. Van Doorne, J. Westerweel, F. Nieuwstadt, Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications 78 (2006) 109–114.","ama":"Hof B, Van Doorne C, Westerweel J, Nieuwstadt F. Observation of nonlinear travelling waves in turbulent pipe flow. Fluid Mechanics and its Applications. 2006;78:109-114. doi:10.1007/1-4020-4159-4_11","apa":"Hof, B., Van Doorne, C., Westerweel, J., & Nieuwstadt, F. (2006). Observation of nonlinear travelling waves in turbulent pipe flow. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4159-4_11","chicago":"Hof, Björn, Casimir Van Doorne, Jerry Westerweel, and Frans Nieuwstadt. “Observation of Nonlinear Travelling Waves in Turbulent Pipe Flow.” Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4159-4_11.","ista":"Hof B, Van Doorne C, Westerweel J, Nieuwstadt F. 2006. Observation of nonlinear travelling waves in turbulent pipe flow. Fluid Mechanics and its Applications. 78, 109–114."},"title":"Observation of nonlinear travelling waves in turbulent pipe flow","author":[{"last_name":"Hof","orcid":"0000-0003-2057-2754","full_name":"Björn Hof","first_name":"Björn","id":"3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Casimir","last_name":"Van Doorne","full_name":"van Doorne, Casimir W"},{"first_name":"Jerry","full_name":"Westerweel, Jerry","last_name":"Westerweel"},{"last_name":"Nieuwstadt","full_name":"Nieuwstadt, Frans T","first_name":"Frans"}],"publist_id":"4097","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Transition to turbulence in pipe flow has posed a riddle in fluid dynamics since the pioneering experiments of Reynolds[1]. Although the laminar flow is linearly stable for all flow rates, practical pipe flows become turbulent at large enough flow speeds. Turbulence arises suddenly and fully without distinct steps and without a clear critical point. The complexity of this problem has puzzled mathematicians, physicists and engineers for more than a century and no satisfactory explanation of this problem has been given. In a very recent theoretical approach it has been suggested that unstable solutions of the Navier Stokes equations may hold the key to understanding this problem. In numerical studies such unstable states have been identified as exact solutions for the idealized case of a pipe with periodic boundary conditions[2, 3]. These solutions have the form of waves extending through the entire pipe and travelling in the streamwise direction at a phase speed close to the bulk velocity of the fluid. With the aid of a recently developed high-speed stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system, we were able to observe transients of such unstable solutions in turbulent pipe flow[4]."}],"month":"01","intvolume":" 78","quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Springer","day":"18","publication":"Fluid Mechanics and its Applications","publication_status":"published","year":"2006","volume":78,"date_published":"2006-01-18T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-4159-4_11","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:37Z","page":"109 - 114"},{"_id":"2894","status":"public","type":"journal_article","extern":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Calado, Dinis, Tiago Paixao, Dan Holmberg, and Matthias Haury. “Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells.” Journal of Immunology. American Association of Immunologists, 2006. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5358 .","ista":"Calado D, Paixao T, Holmberg D, Haury M. 2006. Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells. Journal of Immunology. 177(8), 5358–5364.","mla":"Calado, Dinis, et al. “Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells.” Journal of Immunology, vol. 177, no. 8, American Association of Immunologists, 2006, pp. 5358–64, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5358 .","ieee":"D. Calado, T. Paixao, D. Holmberg, and M. Haury, “Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells,” Journal of Immunology, vol. 177, no. 8. American Association of Immunologists, pp. 5358–5364, 2006.","short":"D. Calado, T. Paixao, D. Holmberg, M. Haury, Journal of Immunology 177 (2006) 5358–5364.","apa":"Calado, D., Paixao, T., Holmberg, D., & Haury, M. (2006). Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells. Journal of Immunology. American Association of Immunologists. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5358 ","ama":"Calado D, Paixao T, Holmberg D, Haury M. Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells. Journal of Immunology. 2006;177(8):5358-5364. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5358 "},"date_updated":"2021-01-12T07:00:32Z","title":"Stochastic Monoallelic Expression of IL 10 in T Cells","author":[{"first_name":"Dinis","last_name":"Calado","full_name":"Calado, Dinis P"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","full_name":"Tiago Paixao","last_name":"Paixao","first_name":"Tiago","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Dan","full_name":"Holmberg, Dan","last_name":"Holmberg"},{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Haury","full_name":"Haury, Matthias"}],"publist_id":"3864","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine, exerting major effects in the degree and quality of the immune response. Using a newly generated IL-10 reporter mouse model, which easily allows the study of IL-10 expression from each allele in a single cell, we report here for the first time that IL-10 is predominantly monoallelic expressed in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we have compelling evidence that this expression pattern is not due to parental imprinting, allelic exclusion, or strong allelic bias. Instead, our results support a stochastic regulation mechanism, in which the probability to initiate allelic transcription depends on the strength of TCR signaling and subsequent capacity to overcome restrictions imposed by chromatin hypoacetylation. In vivo Ag-experienced T cells show a higher basal probability to transcribe IL-10 when compared with naive cells, yet still show mostly monoallelic IL-10 expression. Finally, statistical analysis on allelic expression data shows transcriptional independence between both alleles. We conclude that CD4+ T cells have a low probability for IL-10 allelic activation resulting in a predominantly monoallelic expression pattern, and that IL-10 expression appears to be stochastically regulated by controlling the frequency of expressing cells, rather than absolute protein levels per cell."}],"intvolume":" 177","month":"01","publisher":"American Association of Immunologists","quality_controlled":0,"publication":"Journal of Immunology","day":"01","publication_status":"published","year":"2006","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:11Z","volume":177,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5358 ","date_published":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","issue":"8","page":"5358 - 5364"},{"quality_controlled":0,"publisher":"Springer","month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Most binocular stereo algorithms assume that all scene elements are visible from both cameras. Scene elements that are visible from only one camera, known as occlusions, pose an important challenge for stereo. Occlusions are important for segmentation, because they appear near discontinuities. However, stereo algorithms tend to ignore occlusions because of their difficulty. One reason is that occlusions require the input images to be treated symmetrically, which complicates the problem formulation. Worse, certain depth maps imply physically impossible scene configurations, and must be excluded from the output. In this chapter we approach the problem of binocular stereo with occlusions from an energy minimization viewpoint. We begin by reviewing traditional stereo methods that do not handle occlusions. If occlusions are ignored, it is easy to formulate the stereo problem as a pixel labeling problem, which leads to an energy function that is common in early vision. This kind of energy function can he minimized using graph cuts, which is a combinatorial optimization technique that has proven to be very effective for low-level vision problems. Motivated by this, we have designed two graph cut stereo algorithms that are designed to handle occlusions. These algorithms produce promising experimental results on real data with ground truth.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"423 - 427","date_published":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1007/0-387-28831-7_26","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:21Z","year":"2006","publication_status":"published","day":"01","publication":"Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","_id":"2921","author":[{"id":"3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Kolmogorov","full_name":"Vladimir Kolmogorov"},{"last_name":"Zabih","full_name":"Zabih, Ramin","first_name":"Ramin"}],"publist_id":"3816","title":"Graph cut algorithms for binocular stereo with occlusions","date_updated":"2021-01-12T07:00:42Z","citation":{"short":"V. Kolmogorov, R. Zabih, in:, Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision, Springer, 2006, pp. 423–427.","ieee":"V. Kolmogorov and R. Zabih, “Graph cut algorithms for binocular stereo with occlusions,” in Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision, Springer, 2006, pp. 423–427.","ama":"Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. Graph cut algorithms for binocular stereo with occlusions. In: Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision. Springer; 2006:423-427. doi:10.1007/0-387-28831-7_26","apa":"Kolmogorov, V., & Zabih, R. (2006). Graph cut algorithms for binocular stereo with occlusions. In Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision (pp. 423–427). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28831-7_26","mla":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “Graph Cut Algorithms for Binocular Stereo with Occlusions.” Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision, Springer, 2006, pp. 423–27, doi:10.1007/0-387-28831-7_26.","ista":"Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. 2006.Graph cut algorithms for binocular stereo with occlusions. In: Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision. , 423–427.","chicago":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “Graph Cut Algorithms for Binocular Stereo with Occlusions.” In Handbook of Mathematical Models in Computer Vision, 423–27. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28831-7_26."},"extern":1},{"alternative_title":["Plant Cell Monographs"],"publisher":"Springer","quality_controlled":0,"month":"01","intvolume":" 2","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Arabidopsis thaliana is currently the most important model organism for basic molecular plant research. It is also a favourable model for developmental biology, as its embryogenesis follows a nearly invariant pattern of cell divisions and cell type specifications. Study of embryogenesis can involve genetic, physiological or biochemical approaches, but is always limited by the inaccessibility of the embryos which develop deep inside maternal tissue. Thus, for developmental studies, there is an increasing demand for methods which allow embryogenesis under artificial conditions, providing better accessibility to experimental manipulation. In this chapter, we address theoretical aspects of embryo culture, give some thoughts on which embryo culture system is suited best for which application and finally discuss three current methods which have been successfully used in Arabidopsis embryo culture. © 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg."}],"page":"343 - 354","date_published":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","volume":2,"doi":"10.1007/7089_020","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:48Z","publication_status":"published","year":"2006","day":"01","publication":"Somatic Embryogenesis","type":"book_chapter","status":"public","_id":"3002","author":[{"last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Friml","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","full_name":"Jirí Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jirí"}],"publist_id":"3699","editor":[{"full_name":"Mujib, Abdul","last_name":"Mujib","first_name":"Abdul"},{"first_name":"Jozef","last_name":"Šamaj","full_name":"Šamaj, Jozef"}],"title":"In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos","date_updated":"2021-01-12T07:40:23Z","citation":{"mla":"Sauer, Michael, and Jiří Friml. “In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos.” Somatic Embryogenesis, edited by Abdul Mujib and Jozef Šamaj, vol. 2, Springer, 2006, pp. 343–54, doi:10.1007/7089_020.","ama":"Sauer M, Friml J. In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos. In: Mujib A, Šamaj J, eds. Somatic Embryogenesis. Vol 2. Springer; 2006:343-354. doi:10.1007/7089_020","apa":"Sauer, M., & Friml, J. (2006). In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos. In A. Mujib & J. Šamaj (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis (Vol. 2, pp. 343–354). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_020","short":"M. Sauer, J. Friml, in:, A. Mujib, J. Šamaj (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis, Springer, 2006, pp. 343–354.","ieee":"M. Sauer and J. Friml, “In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos,” in Somatic Embryogenesis, vol. 2, A. Mujib and J. Šamaj, Eds. Springer, 2006, pp. 343–354.","chicago":"Sauer, Michael, and Jiří Friml. “In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos.” In Somatic Embryogenesis, edited by Abdul Mujib and Jozef Šamaj, 2:343–54. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_020.","ista":"Sauer M, Friml J. 2006.In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos. In: Somatic Embryogenesis. Plant Cell Monographs, vol. 2, 343–354."},"extern":1}]